scholarly journals Impact of climate changes on food safety related issues in the case of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Mihaela Cristina Drăgoi ◽  
Irina Gabriela Rădulescu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Health Related

Climate change and economic development have both an increasing impact on human health and on the quality of life. The reverse assumption is also true, since, for improving economic and social development and well-being, the human activity is affecting the environment. This paper presents some of the alarm signals of various international institutions and entities regarding several challenges the current modern society is facing: climate change, disruptive weather events, food safety implications, health related issues, economic losses. Based on previous studies which demonstrated a direct connection between climate changes and weather conditions and the outbreak of infectious diseases and threats for the food safety chain, the main research objective is to determine whether this hypothesis is also valid in the case of Romania. Thus, the conducted analysis takes into consideration variations of temperature and precipitation in relation to new cases of food-borne diseases in order to determine if this connection is statistically significant as it was in other regions of Europe and of the world previously examined by scholars.

scholarly journals Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Hrynchak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov. The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page. Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region. The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing. We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation. The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration. We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified. Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.

Do local perceptions of climate variability and changes correspond to observed climate changes? – a comparative study from Nepal as one of the most climate vulnerable countries

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Local Perceptions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Perceived Temperature ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Abstract This study explored people’s perceptions of climate change by conducting interviews and focus group discussions with local residents of three ecological regions of Nepal, i.e., Mountain, Mid-hills and Low-land. Climatic measurements from meteorological stations of the regions were acquired for the period of 1988 to 2018. We compared the people’s perception with trends and variabilities of observed temperature and rainfall patterns. The results showed that over the last three decades, temperature and precipitation trends, and variability between regions varied largely corroborating with the local experiences. The temperature increased in Mountain, Mid-hills, and Low-land by 0.061° C yr−1, 0.063° C yr−1 and 0.017° C yr−1 respectively. On the contrary, rainfall reduced by −9.7 mm yr−1, −3.6 mm yr−1, and −0.04 mm yr−1 for the regions respectively. While the amount of rainfall decrease observed in the Mountain was highest, its variability was found relatively low; and vice-versa in Low-land. Approximately 88% interviewees perceived temperature rise, and 74% noticed rainfall decline. Local residents linked these changes with their livelihood activities and exemplified with, for example, crop’s quality and quantity; and birds’ migration. The results indicate that local understandings complement the scarce observational data and provides a reliable and additional foundations to determine changes in climatic variables. Moreover, the result infers that the small changes in climate variables have noticeable implications on human behavior change. Therefore, besides active participation of local communities, integrating local understanding is crucial in developing climate change related policies and strategies at local and national levels.

scholarly journals The risks of warm nights and wet days in the context of climate change: assessing road safety outcomes in Boston, USA and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz ◽  
Pablo Martínez ◽  
Augusta Williams ◽  
John Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract Background There remains a dearth of cross-city comparisons on the impact of climate change through extreme temperature and precipitation events on road safety. We examined trends in traffic fatalities, injuries and property damage associated with high temperatures and heavy rains in Boston (USA) and Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic). Methods Official publicly available data on daily traffic outcomes and weather conditions during the warm season (May to September) were used for Boston (2002–2015) and Santo Domingo (2013–2017). Daily maximum temperatures and mean precipitations for each city were considered for classifying hot days, warm days, and warm nights, and wet, very wet, and extremely wet days. Time-series analyses were used to assess the relationship between temperature and precipitation and daily traffic outcomes, using a quasi-Poisson regression. Results In Santo Domingo, the presence of a warm night increased traffic fatalities with a rate ratio (RR) of 1.31 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.00,1.71). In Boston, precipitation factors (particularly, extremely wet days) were associated with increments in traffic injuries (RR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.32) and property damages (RR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.51). Conclusion During the warm season, mixed associations between weather conditions and traffic outcomes were found across Santo Domingo and Boston. In Boston, increases in heavy precipitation events were associated with higher traffic injuries and property damage. As climate change-related heavy precipitation events are projected to increase in the USA, the associations found in this study should be of interest for road safety planning in a rapidly changing environment.

CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF FARMERS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Alina Syp ◽  
Artur Żukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Work Input ◽  
The One

Agriculture is one of the major anthropogenic contributors to climate changes and, at the same time, the one that can be seriously affected by the results of these changes, extreme weather conditions in particular. This paper presents the perception of climate change and its potential influence on the agricultural holdings of farmers, based on the survey conducted in łęczyński county (125 respondents). According to the survey, 39% of farmers believe that both human activity and natural environmental processes are equally responsible for climate changes. 37% of respondents claimed that climate changes are caused by human activity, while 24% of the surveyed farmers attributed those changes to natural environmental processes only. The vast majority of respondents is concerned that a possible consequence to the occurring changes may be increased costs of agricultural production (69%) and lowered standards of living (61%). The conducted survey proved high awareness of the need to protect the environment and soil among the farmers. 73% of them considers environmental regulations to have a positive impact on the agriculture and its future, but also to increase the work input of farmers and reduce their incomes.

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACT ON MYCOTOXINS INCIDENCE AND FOOD SAFETY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Milicevic ◽  
Brankica Lakicevic ◽  
Radivoj Petronijevic ◽  
Zoran Petrovic ◽  
Jelena Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Toxigenic Fungi ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Toxic Chemical Substances

Climate change may have an impact on the occurrence of food safety hazards along the entire agri-food chain, from farm to fork. The interactions between environmental factors and food contamination, food safety and foodborne diseases are very complex, dynamic and difficult to predict. Extreme weather conditions such as floods and droughts which have not occurred previously in Serbia, may be supporting factors to contamination of crops by various species of toxigenic fungi and related mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxic chemical substances, produced mainly by microscopic filamentous fungal species that commonly grow on a number of crops and that cause adverse health effects when consumed by humans and animals. Recent drought and then flooding confirmed that Serbia is one of the few European countries with very high risk exposure to natural hazards, as well as that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change.

scholarly journals Evaluation of climate change influence on agroclimatic conditions of sunflower growing in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
О.L. Zhygailo ◽  
T.S. Zhygailo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Right

The problem of climate change and global warming both in whole and in particular has become one of the most serious and urgent directions of scientific and technical activity at the present stage. The future food security of Ukraine depends on the effectiveness of adaptation of agriculture to new conditions dictated by the global anthropogenic warming. In order to evaluate possible impact of climate change in Ukraine on agroclimatic indicators the scenario A1B - "moderate" was used providing a balance between all energy sources. Researches of sunflower harvest formation are carried out using a dynamic model of agricultural crops productivity. For a comparative analysis of scenary meteorological variables with previous data the period from 1986 to 2005 is taken from agroclimatic directory of Ukraine. It serves as a base when performing calculations. According to calculations of A1B climate change scenario, periods of sowing and subsequent phases of development will occur earlier than at present, which will lead to reduction of the whole vegetation period at most parts of the area under study. As a result of comparative analysis of temperature and precipitation regime it was found that, subject to implementation of the climate change scenario under study, expected weather conditions will be more favourable for cultivation of sun-flower in the Western and Central forest-steppe, as well as at the Right-Bank Ukraine and in the Donetsk sub-zone of Northern steppe of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Food safety in the face of climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Oluwawapelumi A. Oyedele ◽  
Muiz O. Akinyemi ◽  
Tihomir Kovač ◽  
Ukpai A. Eze ◽  
Chibundu N. Ezekiel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Food safety encompasses the elimination of biological, chemical, and physical hazards along the food chain; however, climate change, an abnormal change in weather conditions, is a threat to food safety due to irregularities in the elements of weather essential for food production. Such factors include elevated atmospheric carbon (IV) oxide (CO2), precipitation, rainfall, and temperature. Considering that the aim of food safety is to eliminate food hazards along the food chain, it is threatened by climate change in several ways, resulting in adverse effects such as severe consequences for livestock production, harmful algal bloom, mycotoxins (produced by mycotoxigenic fungi on crops), residues of pesticides and tenacious contaminants, and pathogenic microorganisms from contaminated water. These climate changes include landslides and avalanches, drought and extreme heat waves, drought, heavy precipitation, flooding and tropical storms, ocean warming, climate change related acidification, and changes in ocean salinity. Therefore, there is a great need to employ adaptive strategies such as the establishment of a food safety management programme which would expound on the need to detect food hazards in food as a result of climate change. This programme should include setting up awareness for consumers, the improvement of epidemiological surveillance, improved co-ordination among food safety organizations, public health officials, and veterinary officials, amongst others. Thus, to achieve the sustainable development goal two, of eradicating hunger, it is imperative to harness the strategies for reducing the food safety hazards associated with climate change.

scholarly journals Are climate change and mental health correlated?

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. e100648
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mohammed Hassan Ramadan ◽  
Ahmed G Ataallah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Climate Crisis

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of our time and is likely to affect human beings in substantial ways. Recently, researchers started paying more attention to the changes in climate and their subsequent impact on the social, environmental and economic determinants of health, and the role they play in causing or exacerbating mental health problems. The effects of climate change-related events on mental well-being could be classified into direct and indirect effects. The direct effects of climate change mostly occur after acute weather events and include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse disorder, depression and even suicidal ideation. The indirect effects include economic losses, displacement and forced migration, competition over scarce resources and collective violence. The risk factors for developing those mental health issues include young age, female gender, low socioeconomic status, loss or injury of a loved one, being a member of immigrant groups or indigenous people, pre-existing mental illness and inadequate social support. However, in some individuals, especially those undisturbed by any directly observable effects of climate change, abstract awareness and acknowledgement of the ongoing climate crisis can induce negative emotions that can be intense enough to cause mental health illness. Coping strategies should be provided to the affected communities to protect their mental health from collapse in the face of climate disasters. Awareness of the mental health impacts of climate change should be raised, especially in the high-risk groups. Social and global attention to the climate crisis and its detrimental effects on mental health are crucial.This paper was written with the aim of trying to understand the currently, scientifically proven impact of climate change-related disasters on mental health and understanding the different methods of solving the problem at the corporate level, by trying to decrease greenhouse gas emissions to zero, and at the individual level by learning how to cope with the impacts of those disasters.

The Use of Carbon Finance for Struggling With Climate Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-347
Author(s):  
Filiz Konuk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Carbon Finance

The developments in science and technology have brought a lot of problems with them. The most important of these is climate change, which appears at the global level. The effect of climate change, which comes first as an environmental problem, cannot be ignored. Management, which has had serious income and economic losses because of weather conditions, has taken several precautions in order to reduce climate change risks. One of these is weather derivations. Weather derivations are a safety type that makes the determined payments if there are defined weather events. However, the most commonly used are weather option agreements, weather swap agreements, and weather future agreements. In the chapter, climate change and the weather derivations that are a means that managements use to avoid climate change risks will be explained.

scholarly journals The Environmental Criteria as a Strategy to Adapt Climate Changes in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Abed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Change Effect ◽  
Climate Change Effect

The Climate change appears obviously in the world, especially in hot climate regions like Iraq, because of their proximity to the equator and the geographical desert nature, which requires strategies to adapt climate change in effective ways. One of the most prominent of these strategies is the implemented of environmental criteria for buildings, to minimize the climate change effect. This research problem is that no obvious perception for the obstacles and the assistant methods for adopted environmental criteria as a strategy to adapt climate changes in Iraq". To solve this problem a questionnaire were designed about the main research indicators and delivered to the building industry practitioners. Statistical analysis were used to calculate the results, using IBM SPSS V23 software, the results find that the obstacles of application environmental criteria are economic, social, technical, and legislation. And the assistant method includes developing technical aspects, enabling human resources, cooperation with responsible authorities and decision-makers, and community awareness. The results indicated many recommendations for the local government, community organizations and the workers to implement environmental criteria as a strategy to adapted climate change in Iraq.  

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