scholarly journals Evolution in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma Management

2022 ◽  
Vol 83 (01) ◽  
pp. e1-e2
Author(s):  
Tony Richa ◽  
Alice Lee ◽  
Marc A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Mucosal Melanoma ◽  
Adjuvant Setting ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Poor Outcomes

AbstractSinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Surgical resection with clear margins, when possible, remains the treatment of choice. Radiation therapy is generally used in the adjuvant setting with improved rates of local control following complete resection. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents do not improve the rates of locoregional control or survival. Immunotherapy has been used with some responders but with overall relatively poor outcomes. These outcomes highlight the need for new agents and more prospective trials in this space. We provide a unique case report of a patient with an advanced sinonasal mucosal melanoma and an overview of the recent literature pertaining to the management of this disease.

Application of Immunohistochemistry to Liver and Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Liver, Stomach, Colon, and Pancreas

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Geller ◽  
Deepti Dhall ◽  
Randa Alsabeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ◽  
Metastatic Neoplasm ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Context.—Immunohistochemistry has become an integral component of the practice of pathology. Newer antibodies allow for increasingly precise diagnoses for tumors that previously could not be easily identified. Recently, immunohistochemical evaluations have begun to allow pathologists to actively assist in determining prognosis and even in selecting therapies. Objective.—To summarize the usefulness of currently available immunostains for the study of liver and gastrointestinal system neoplasms and to make recommendations for panels of immunostains that can be particularly helpful. Data Sources.—Information has been collected from recent literature as well as from personal experience and practice. Conclusions.—Many immunostains are now available for the practicing pathologist that allow for increasing accuracy in diagnosis of liver and gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Panels of immunostains can be used to differentiate between various tumors and also to identify site of origin in the case of a metastatic neoplasm. Immunostains that allow for prognostic determinations and for guidance in the selection of chemotherapeutic agents can also be used by pathologists to assist in the management of patients with malignant tumors affecting the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: The Last Decade; the Lost Decade?

2013 ◽  
pp. e121-e125
Author(s):  
Alan P. Venook ◽  
Leonard B. Saltz
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Adjuvant Setting ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Metastatic Setting ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Lost Decade

KEY POINTS After almost 40 years of minimal progress, the period from 1996 to 2003 saw a flurry of new drugs become available. Progress since 2003 has been minimal. Most new agents with activity in the metastatic setting (irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab) do not have activity in the adjuvant setting and so have not increased the cure rate. Combinations of biologics have been disappointing. Progress to date is less than we would have expected. Therapy individualized according to molecular characterization of each tumor appears to be the way forward.

scholarly journals Anorectal and Genital Mucosal Melanoma: Diagnostic Challenges, Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Opportunities of Rare Melanomas

Biomedicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Margaret Ottaviano ◽  
Emilio Francesco Giunta ◽  
Laura Marandino ◽  
Marianna Tortora ◽  
Laura Attademo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mucosal Melanoma ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Tumor Characterization ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Mucosal melanomas (MM) are rare tumors, being less than 2% of all diagnosed melanomas, comprising a variegated group of malignancies arising from melanocytes in virtually all mucosal epithelia, even if more frequently found in oral and sino-nasal cavities, ano-rectum and female genitalia (vulva and vagina). To date, there is no consensus about the optimal management strategy of MM. Furthermore, the clinical rationale of molecular tumor characterization regarding BRAF, KIT or NRAS, as well as the therapeutic value of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, has not yet been deeply explored and clearly established in MM. In this overview, focused on anorectal and genital MM as models of rare melanomas deserving of a multidisciplinary approach, we highlight the need of referring these patients to centers with experts in melanoma, anorectal and uro-genital cancers treatments. Taking into account the rarity, the poor outcomes and the lack of effective treatment options for MM, tailored research needs to be promptly promoted.

scholarly journals Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Bansal ◽  
Sagar Rakshit ◽  
Shaji Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Poor Outcomes

AbstractWhen clonal plasma cells grow at anatomic sites distant from the bone marrow or grows contiguous from osseous lesions that break through the cortical bone, it is referred to as extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD). EMD remains challenging from a therapeutic and biological perspective. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not completely understood and it is generally associated with high-risk cytogenetics which portends poor outcomes. There is a rising incidence of EMD in the era of novel agents, likely a reflection of longer OS, with no standard treatment approach. Patients benefit from aggressive chemotherapy-based approaches, but the OS and prognosis remains poor. RT has been used for palliative care. There is a need for large prospective trials for development of treatment approaches for treatment of EMD.

scholarly journals Chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy and mode of action

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Shaaban ◽  
Amr Negm ◽  
Elsayed E. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed A. Elrazak
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Aggressive Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreaded malignancy that every year causes half a million deaths worldwide. Being an aggressive cancer, its incidence exceeds 700,000 new cases per year worldwide with a median survival of 6-8 months. Despite advances in prognosis and early detection, effective HCC chemoprevention or treatment strategies are still lacking, therefore its dismal survival rate remains largely unchanged. This review will characterize currently available chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of HCC. The respective mode(s) of action, side effects and recommendations will be also described for each drug.

Oncogenic Targets, Magnitude of Benefit, and Market Pricing of Antineoplastic Drugs

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 2543-2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eitan Amir ◽  
Bostjan Seruga ◽  
Joaquin Martinez-Lopez ◽  
Ryan Kwong ◽  
Atanasio Pandiella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Market Pricing ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose The relationship between market pricing of new anticancer drugs and the magnitude of clinical benefit caused by them has not been reported. Patients and Methods Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated approved new agents for solid tumors by the US Food and Drug administration since the year 2000 were assessed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were extracted for time-to-event end points described for each RCT. HRs were pooled for three groups: agents directed against a specific molecular target, for which the target population is selected by a biomarker (group A); less specific biologic targeted agents (group B); and chemotherapeutic agents (group C). Monthly market prices of these different drugs were compared. Results For overall survival (OS), the pooled HR was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.81) for group A (six drugs, six trials); it was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) for group B (seven drugs, 14 trials); and it was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.90) for group C (eight drugs, 12 trials). For progression-free survival (PFS), the pooled HR was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.49) for group A (six drugs, seven trials); it was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.64) for group B (seven drugs, 14 trials); and it was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.85) for group C (six drugs, 10 trials). Tests for heterogeneity between subgroups were highly significant for PFS (P < .001) and OS (P = .02). The median monthly prices for standard doses of drugs were $5,375 for group A, $5,644 for group B, and $6,584 for group C (P = .87). Conclusion New agents with specific molecular targets are clinically the most beneficial, but their monthly market prices are not significantly different from those of other anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Fertility Preservation in Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennia Michaeli ◽  
Michael Weintraub ◽  
Eitan Gross ◽  
Yehuda Ginosar ◽  
Vardit Ravitsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Effective Counseling ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Made In

Children that undergo treatment for cancer are at risk of suffering from subfertility or hormonal dysfunction due to the detrimental effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents on the gonads. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue prior to treatment offers the possibility of restoring gonadal function after resumption of therapy. Effective counseling and management of pediatric patients is crucial for preserving their future reproductive potential. The purpose of this article is to review recent literature and to revise recommendations we made in a 2007 article. Pediatric hemato-oncology, reproductive endocrinology, surgery, anesthesia and bioethics perspectives are discussed and integrated to propose guidelines for offering ovarian cryopreservation to premenarcheal girls with cancer.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Non-Exposure Simple Suturing Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection in Comparison with Laparoscopic Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery for Gastric Subepithelial Tumors: Results of Two Independent Prospective Trials

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1858
Author(s):  
Bang Wool Eom ◽  
Chan Gyoo Kim ◽  
Myeong-Cherl Kook ◽  
Hong Man Yoon ◽  
Keun Won Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endoscopic Full Thickness Resection ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
Gastric Subepithelial Tumors ◽  
Laparoscopic Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery ◽  
Subepithelial Tumors

Recently, nonexposure simple suturing endoscopic full-thickness resection (NESS-EFTR) method was developed to avoid tumor exposure to the peritoneal cavity. The aim of this study is to compare the short-term outcomes of the NESS-EFTR method with those of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for gastric subepithelial tumors (SETs). A prospective single-center trial of LECS for gastric SETs was performed from March 2012 to October 2013 with a separate prospective trial of NESS-EFTR performed from August 2015 to June 2017, enrolling 15 patients each. Among the 30 enrolled patients, 14 who underwent LECS and 11 who underwent NESS-EFTR were finally included in the analysis. The rate of complete resection and successful closure was 100% in both groups. The operating time was longer for NESS-EFTR group than for LECS (110 vs. 189 min; p < 0.0001). There were no postoperative complications except one case of transient fever in the NESS-EFTR group. One patient in the LECS group had peritoneal seeding of gastrointestinal stromal tumor at 17 months postoperatively, and there was no other recurrence. Although NESS-EFTR had long operating and procedure times, it was feasible for patients with gastric SETs requiring a nonexposure technique.

scholarly journals Emerging novel agents for patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) New Agents for Ewing Sarcoma Task Force

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bailey ◽  
Carrye Cost ◽  
Ian Davis ◽  
Julia Glade-Bender ◽  
Patrick Grohar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Oncology Group ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Ewing sarcoma is a small round blue cell malignancy arising from bone or soft tissue and most commonly affects adolescents and young adults. Metastatic and relapsed Ewing sarcoma have poor outcomes and recurrences remain common. Owing to the poor outcomes associated with advanced disease and the need for a clear research strategy, the Children’s Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee formed the New Agents for Ewing Sarcoma Task Force to bring together experts in the field to evaluate and prioritize new agents for incorporation into clinical trials. This group’s mission was to evaluate scientific and clinical challenges in moving new agents forward and to recommend agents and trial designs to the Bone Tumor Committee. The task force generated a framework for vetting prospective agents that included critical evaluation of each drug by using both clinical and non-clinical parameters. Representative appraisal of agents of highest priority, including eribulin, dinutuximab, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, is described. The task force continues to analyze new compounds by using the paradigm established.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in mesothelioma

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T Arnold ◽  
Nick A Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Diagnostic Pathway ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Serial Measurements

Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of pleural and peritoneal cells that is difficult to diagnose and monitor. Numerous studies have attempted to identify a blood- or pleural fluid-based biomarker that could be used in the diagnostic pathway. More recently, there has been interest in the ability of serum/plasma biomarkers to monitor mesothelioma, given the development of newer treatments and limitations of radiological assessment. The majority of research has focused on soluble mesothelin, a soluble glycoprotein expressed by mesothelial cells. Although soluble mesothelin lacks the sensitivity to be used as a standalone diagnostic marker, serial measurements may be informative, with rising concentrations indicating disease progression and poor survival. High concentrations of other soluble glycoproteins, such as osteopontin, fibulin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor are independently associated with poor prognosis at baseline, although further research is required to ascertain any role outside of clinical trials. More recent literature has focused on the development of novel biomarkers from discovery cohorts. Although many DNA and mRNA biomarkers show promise in the diagnosis or screening of mesothelioma, none have been prospectively evaluated for use in clinical practice. In this review article, we highlight the potential utility of biomarkers and evaluate the existing literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document