Some Social and Spatial Aspects of Services

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Urry
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
High Employment ◽  
The Impact

Five related issues involved in the analysis of services are discussed. First, it is shown that it is incorrect to suggest that there is a single route to the contemporary economy with high employment in the service sector. The Fisher–Clark thesis is discussed and criticised. In the specific case of the United Kingdom it is shown that service industries were of considerable importance even during the supposed heyday of Victorian manufacturing industry. This is shown by analysing certain regional indicators. It is further suggested that the crucial role of especially financial services cannot be understood separately from the broader Makler or middleman economy which in part predated the extensive growth of manufacturing industry. Second, some of the recent arguments of Gershuny and Miles are analysed. It is shown that their formulations are insufficiently social, both in the sense of ignoring changes in the social relations underpinning capitalist production both of manufacturing and of service industries, and of neglecting the impact of ‘social struggles' on the forms and levels of service employment. Third, a number of criteria are discussed by which different service industries can be separated off from each other. The criteria considered are ownership, market, product, degree of ‘commodification’, function, and character of the exchange. A classification based on elements of each of these is proposed in order to deal with UK data sources. Fourth, analysis is developed of eleven different forms of service sector restructuring. Some consideration is paid to the problems of explaining which of these will be found in particular sectors. Particular attention is devoted to considering the degree of importance of the ‘labour’ factor. Last, some of the processes affecting the ‘private consumer services' concerned with tourism are analysed. In particular, attention is devoted to aspects of the physical and social setting within which the service delivery takes place. An attempt is made to demonstrate which particular forms of service sector restructuring will be found in those tourist services in British coastal resorts. The exceptionally complex nature of the forces affecting employment levels in such places is shown in some detail.

The Demographics of Trade-Affected Services and Manufacturing Workers (1987–1990): A Comparative Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Bartholomew Armah
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
College Education ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Industry Group ◽  
White Males ◽  
Group A

Using input-output data for 1987 and 1990, this study identifies the demographic characteristics of trade-affected workers in U.S. manufacturing and service industries. Trade-affected workers are defined as employees in industries that experienced a change (positive or negative) in net total (direct and indirect) trade-related employment between 1987 and 1990. For the period 1987–1990, three industry categories were examined: (a) industries that experienced an increase in positive net trade-related employment; (b) industries that experienced a decline in positive net trade-related employment; and (c) industries that suffered net trade-related employment losses in both years yet experienced an improvement over the period. The study finds that, while manufacturing industry workers in the most favorably affected industry group (i.e., group “a”) were more likely to be highly skilled (i.e., scientists & engineers), highly educated (i.e., over four years of college education), unionized, married and white males, corresponding service sector workers were predominantly unskilled (laborers), less educated, non-unionized, young (i.e., aged 16–24) and male (black and white). Furthermore, the service sector was associated with greater mean trade-related employment and output gains and lower mean employment and output losses than was the manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Research on Influences of Employment in Manufacturing Industry on that in the Service Industry Based on Bayes Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Yue Sun
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
Bayes Model ◽  
Cardinal Spline ◽  
Error Terms ◽  
Partial Linear ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
The Impact

Using the data of 285 prefectural and the above-level cities from 2004 to 2016, this thesis reveals the impact of employment in China's urban manufacturing industry on the employment of service industries with the Bayesian model. Under the Bayesian framework, partial linear semi-parametric model is proposed.  The nonlinear functions are fitted by using truncation base cardinal spline and considering the random error terms of mixed normal fitting models. The results show that: employment in the urban manufacturing industry in China has significant influence on the employment in the service industry. When the number of employees in the manufacturing industry changes from 0 to 650,000, the manufacturing industry has less influence. When the number of the employees in the manufacturing industry changes from 650,000 to 900,000, the employees of the service industry will dramatically increase. When the number of the employees in the manufacturing industry is more than 900,000, the employees in the service industry will be prone to stable growth.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF INTERSECTORAL ECONOMIC FACTORS ON EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (44) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
E.A. Edinak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
The Impact

The target of the research is the sphere of employment of the Russian labor market. The author attempts to assess the total labor costs in the sectoral context and the intersectoral structure of jobs in the economy. The aim of the study is to analyze retrospective indicators of the number and sectoral structure of employment, quantitative estimates of the impact on it of the parameters of economic dynamics. The analysis of the coefficients showed that the branches of the real sector and the service sector are characterized by different abilities to create jobs, which are determined by the structure of production in the economy. With the growth of production in the sectors of the real sector, the demand for employment (exceeding the size of the intrasectoral one) is formed more in related sectors. Most service industries have a low potential for inducing jobs in the economy. The article also substantiates that a change in final demand for the same amount in industries is differently transformed into labor income in the economy. In the service sector, the largest growth in payroll funds was recorded with a minimum increase in the income of workers in related industries. In the production sector, the situation is the opposite: the growth of final demand generates incomes for workers in related industries with a lower direct effect. The research is based on the input-output tables published by Rosstat and the symmetric input-output balance table obtained on their basis for 2017. The results of the study and the conclusions drawn are a tool for assessing the effectiveness of economic policy measures aimed at supporting and/or developing industries in terms of their impact on employment and income growth of the working population.

scholarly journals Społeczeństwo i kultura jako definicyjny kontekst badań nad wpływem technologii na ponowoczesnego człowieka

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotr Nowak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of selected definitions of the terms used for society and culture, the author creates the sociological theoretical framework for the article. In conjunction with the characterized phenomenon of digital transformation, extensive and far-reaching conclusions are formulated on the impact of new technology for postmodernity. In relation to the scientific achievements of Buber and Tischner, the author deeply analyzes the assumptions of philosophy of dialogue. This allows the observation of a wide dimension in the relationship between the relational nature of social relations, the condition of the individual, the durability of the systems humans create, the technocratic direction of civilizational development and the consumerist attitude to reality in contemporary society of the 21st century. The author describes technological worship and presents the negative consequences of digital transformation processes. On the example of the service sector, the transition is presented as symbolic culture based on the relations and dialogue with technical and functional culture. The research method used in the article is a review of the scientific literature. In the study, the author set the goal of determining the impact of digital transformation on humans in the context of the definition of culture and society. As a result of the research, the author states that technological insight (i.e. looking at technology as a way of resolving all contemporary problems) has the danger of successively weakening man, and could lead to a deepening of social inequalities. The author also emphasizes the need to deepen research on the consequences of the digital transformation on society and culture and to develop models that can reduce the negative consequences of the change process.

Virtual currency schemes – the future of financial services

foresight ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Mikołajewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Anna Scheibe
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to determine the future role of virtual currencies. This paper indicates their pros and cons as alternatives to “real” money and explains their appearance as the reflection of the present trends. It also presents the possible scenarios of their development. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the former foresight research results and literature review. It highlights the main trends in contemporary economy and their impact on financial services. The Bitcoin case is the starting point for the virtual currencies’ market analysis and construction of possible market changes scenarios. Findings – Virtual currency schemes are the reflection of present trends. They are just ahead of our times but may become a common means of payment, changing the way of providing financial services, eliminating intermediaries and marginalizing the role of financial institutions. Research limitations/implications – The multiplicity of virtual currencies and ceaseless introduction of innovations impede the presentation of the complete market picture. The lack of reliable statistical data makes the estimation of the market growth difficult. Practical implications – This paper indicates influence of technology development, virtualization and networking on payment systems’ functioning. Social implications – This paper shows the impact of environmental changes on consumers’ acceptance of virtual currencies. Originality/value – The virtual currency as a payment system is quite new and still a marginalized phenomenon. Nevertheless, the pace of virtual currency market growth after its recent introduction and appearance of Bitcoin successors seems to be the signs of future changes in financial service sector.

scholarly journals Regional Market of Education Services: Development Problems

2018 ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Borodin ◽  
O. A. Shunina
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Education Development ◽  
The Impact

Economy of the Altay territory is a diversified complex, where key types of economic activity are manufacturing industry, agriculture, wholesale and retail trade. A specific feather of the territory is a high proportion of the rural population – 39.3% of the total number of employed people (23% in Russia) and a low number of students of primary, secondary vocational and higher education as compared with all – Russian figures. According to the strategy of social and economic development of the Altay territory up to 2025 the priority lines in the territory economy are bio-technology, pharmaceutics, certain branches of machine building and food industry, tourismrecreation and transportation complexes, high-profit services of the service sector, including finance services, as well as services in the field of high technologies. The level of training specialists and skilled workers for this diversified labour market in general is sufficient, training is conducted by more than 200 specializations in all priority lines however, the training in the vocational education system fell down by 20% during the last 5 years. The demographic situation in the territory seriously influenced these figures. Changes in the structure of the GRP of the Altay territory caused the reduction in the proportion of manufacturing industry and agriculture, which affected negatively the level of population employment in production industries. The authors studied the key trends of the system of vocational education development in the territory in 2012–2016 and showed that the misbalance of education service supply with the real need in them on the labour market was caused both by the absence of reliable methods of labour market forecasting by quantity and structure and the impact of population preferences assessing subjectively the demand for labour resources proceeding from personal ideas about the demand for this or that profession. It can lead to the excess number of specialists of ‘popular’ professions and difficulties with their employment and, on the other hand – to the shortage of needed professional staff.

The Impact of Innovation on Financial and Insurance Services Exports

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Bilateral Exports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Extensive Margin Of Trade ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractStriving for growth in service exports is an important way many service-oriented countries offset trade deficits commonly generated by a disproportional dependence on manufactured imports. Exports of business services are a significant subset of overall services trade. This paper examines whether innovation enhances exports of financial and insurance services by firms operating in these service industries. Results indicate that innovation has a sizable, positive impact on financial and insurance services exports. This holds true when examining a country’s aggregate level of insurance and financial services exports, as well as bilateral exports to a specific trade partner. However, robustness tests suggest that the positive effect of innovation on bilateral financial and insurance services exports holds true only at the extensive margin of trade (i. e. the decision to export), but not at the intensive margin (i. e. how much to export).

scholarly journals The Influence of Industrial Structure Upgrade on Coupling and Coordinated Development—Empirical Analysis From Chinese Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Pharmaceutical Service Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Hu ◽  
Chunhai Tao ◽  
Hao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coordination Degree

The degree of coupling and coordination between the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and the medical service industry crucially requires improvement by promoting the development of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry through industrial structure upgrading to narrow the gap between them. First, this article uses the coupling coordination degree model to measure the coupling coordination degree of the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and medical service industry; then, it theoretically analyzes the mechanism through which upgrading the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry's industrial structure can improve the coupling coordination degree. Finally, we empirically test the impact of upgrading the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry's industrial structure on the coupling and coordination degree between it and the medical service industry. The main conclusions are as follows: (1). The quantile regression model shows that having an advanced pharmaceutical manufacturing industry positively affects its coupling and coordination with the medical service industry; (2). A threshold regression model is tested, and it is found that only when the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry reaches an advanced level can it significantly promote joint and coordinated development with the medical service industry; (3). Rationalizing the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry structure will inhibit a high level of coordination between it and the medical service industry and their coordinated development.

Market structure and pricing objectives in the services sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 792-804
Author(s):  
Kostis Indounas
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Technology Companies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing objectives (e.g. customer-related objectives, sales-related objectives, profit-related objectives) that service companies pursue to set their prices and to examine the impact of market structure on these objectives.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the research objectives, data were collected from 184 companies operating in four different service industries, namely, logistics companies, financial services providers, information technology companies and airlines.FindingsThe findings indicate that the companies that were investigated in the current study seem to follow a hierarchy of pricing objectives, in which their main focus is on the maintenance of the existing customers and the attraction of new ones to ensure their long-term survival in their market without, however, disregarding financial issues and objectives. The study also revealed that the market structure, along with the sector of operation, has an impact on the pricing objectives pursued, as different market conditions were found to lead to different pricing objectives.Practical implicationsThe above findings indicate that managers responsible for setting prices within their firms should be guided by the unique characteristics of their markets.Originality/valueGiven the lack of similar studies within the existing services sector literature, the originality/value of the paper lies in the fact that it presents one of the first attempts to empirically examine this issue from a marketing point of view.

scholarly journals Formation of organizational and economic mechanisms for innovative development of service sector industries: russian and foreign experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Viliyan Krastev ◽  
Svetlana Pyankova ◽  
Olga Ergunova
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Trade Credit ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
Economic Mechanisms

The article determines the concepts of “service” and “innovation”. The article touches upon organizational and economic mechanisms for the innovative development of service sector industries offered by Russian and foreign scientists, in particular in the following spheres: transport, telecommunications, wholesale and retail trade, credit and finance, insurance, consumer services, cultural and recreational services, social services - education, healthcare, and other social services. Methodological recommendations proposed by Russian scientists for the study and implementation of innovations at enterprises in the service sector are combined and consolidated. A methodological approach to the innovative development of the service sector is proposed. In contrast to existing methodologies, the author’s approach takes into account the following stages: coordination of the strategy with the population of the territory and budgeting, analysis of the “failures” in the innovative development of service industries and budget creation based on the “failure-project-target approach”. Moreover, when applying the above mentioned author’s approach, “state failures” are also taken into account, project activities are developed with the greatest efficiency and there is a close connection between activities and targets. Also, the author proposes in the article innovative measures taken into account when developing a strategy for innovative development of services industries.

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