The utilization of roughage by sheep and the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus (Desmarest)

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
JZ Foot ◽  
B Romberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Food Residues

Two roughage diets, lucerne hay and oat straw, were given to three Corriedale sheep and three red kangaroos. Dry matter intakes, nitrogen balances, and body weight changes of the animals were compared, and the digestibilities of each diet by each species and the retention times of the food residues in their alimentary tracts were estimated. The kangaroos were less affected by the quality of the diet than were the sheep. The sheep ate nearly the same amount of lucerne hay and less oat straw than the kangaroos, after adjustment for body weight differences. Digestibility coefficients were higher for the lucerne hay when fed to the sheep, but apparent dry matter digestibility coefficients for oat straw were about the same for sheep and kangaroos. The mean retention times of food residues were lower in the kangaroos, and dietary nitrogen was retained to the same or a slightly lesser extent than in the sheep. The kangaroos maintained weight on the poor quality diet and appeared to be even better adapted to utilize this type of roughage than the sheep.

The utilization of roughages by sheep and kangaroos

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Forbes ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Ad Libitum

The utilization of good-quality and poor-quality roughages (lucerne hay and oat straw) by red and grey kangaroos, Megaleia rufa and Macropus giganteus, compared with sheep was investigated by means of digestibility trials in individual metabolism cages. On average the kangaroos ate slightly less per unit metabolic body weight than the sheep when fed ad libitum, but the differences were not significant. They digested a similar percentage of lucerne dry matter but digested straw much less well, mainly because of their poor ability to digest crude fibre. When nitrogen intakes were low, with the straw diet, the kangaroos retained nitrogen less well than sheep although the digestibility of the crude protein was similar for kangaroos and sheep. The kangaroos appeared to have relatively low energy and nitrogen requirements, probably because of their low metabolic rate, and their weight losses were similar to sheep on the poor-quality diet despite much lower digestible dry matter intakes per unit metabolic body weight. There were no differences between red and grey kangaroos in dry matter digestibilities, nitrogen metabolism, or rate of passage.

Nitrogen and Sulphur Retention and Fibre Digestion by Euros, Red Kangaroos and Sheep.

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Diet

Retention of nitrogen and sulphur, and digestion of various carbohydrate fractions, were measured in euros, red kangaroos and sheep, fed three different quality roughages in an experiment of three 3 by 3 latin squares. Sheep ate more dry matter (DM) and digestible energy (DE) per unit metabolic body weight than the euros or red kangaroos, but there were no significant differences in DM intakes between euros and red kangaroos. Despite lower DE intakes, euros lost less weight on the poor-quality diet than sheep. The euros digested more DM and consumed more DE than the red kangaroos, which lost more weight than either the euros or the sheep on the poor-quality diet. Maintenance energy requirements were calculated to be 136, 109 and 99 kcal DE per kg W0*76 per day for the sheep, red kangaroos and euros, respectively. Digestibility of structural carbohydrates was not significantly different between sheep and euros, but both species were more efficient than the red kangaroos. Also, there were no significant differ- ences in nitrogen or sulphur balance between sheep and euros, but both retained more nitrogen and sulphur per unit metabolic body weight than red kangaroos. Faecal nitrogen and sulphur losses were similar in euros and red kangaroos, but red kangaroos excreted more nitrogen and sulphur in their urine than euros. It is concluded that the red kangaroo is less efficient than the euro or sheep in retaining nitrogen and sulphur, and in digesting fibre, when fed poor-quality roughage diets.

The nutrition of the early-weaned calf. I. The effect on nitrogen retention of diets containing different levels of groundnut meal

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Whitelaw ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
R. D. Ndumbe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Different Levels

1. Nitrogen balance studies were made on eight early weaned calves given diets varying in crude protein content from 11·6% to 22·6% in dry matter.2. Nitrogen retention increased significantly as the level of crude protein increased to 19·20%; there was no further increase in nitrogen retention when the level of protein was increased to 22·6%.3. Dry matter digestibility and apparent digestibility of dietary nitrogen rose progressively as the level of crude protein increased.4. The nitrogen retention of calves fed diets adequate in protein was calculated to be 2·88 g. per 100 g. gain in body weight.

The effect of urea on the absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of sheep fed on oat straw

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Matter Energy

The effect of a urea supplement on the utilization of a diet of poor quality oat straw plus minerals, fed to sheep, was investigated. The supplement of urea was responsible for a highly significant (P < 0.01) increase in dry matter and energy intake and a highly significant ( P < 0.01) decrease in body weight loss. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in nitrogen balance and in the rate of passage of food residues through the alimentary tract. A tendency for the digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude fibre, and cellulose to be higher when the urea supplement was given was not significant. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the VFA absorbed from the rumen reflecting the increase in intake, but there were no differences between diets in the contributions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids to VFA absorption. The mean values obtained for the proportion of the digested energy accounted for by the VFA on the straw plus urea diet and the straw diet (with the standard error of the mean) were 31.4 (± 2.5)% and 38.1 (± 5.6)% respectively.

Treated sugarcane bagasse for maintenance of sheep in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
N.L. del Mastro ◽  
M.S. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Wool Production

Several treatments for increasing digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been studied in Brazil for many years (Abdalla et al., 1990). Despite some improvements in in situ digestibility obtained with steam and pressure treatments, the SCB has not performed well when given to cattle (Mello Junior, et al., 1989). More recently, irradiation and ammonia has been tested in studies to improve the digestibility of SCB, rice and corn straw, rice and soybean hulls and others rough feed. The purpose of the present experiment was aimed to determine the intake, body weight changes, wool production and microbial synthesis in sheep fed with grass hay (Cynodon dactilon) or SCB treated with 600kGy of radiation and ammonia (20g/kg dry matter (DM)).

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus) TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK RANSUM DOMBA LOKAL JANTAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ginda Sihombing ◽  
Wara Pratitis ◽  
Ginanjar Arya Dewangga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Village ◽  
Male Sheep

<p>The development of sheep livestock is done as a comodity producer to meet the need of the meat. To increase the productivity of the sheep, the feed have a certain quality with the mix of worm flour. This research aims to determine the influence of the use of worm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) concerning to dry and organic matter digestibility lokal male sheeps feed. This research was conducted in the enclosure of research at the Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Department of the Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta which is located in the Village Jatikuwung, Gondangrejo District, District Karanganyar. Research was conducted from December 28th, 2008 to February 22nd, 2009 using the 12 local male tail sheep with body weight on average 13.82 ± 0.73 kg / head. Feed given at 6% of body weight consist of a concentrate forage and comparison with 70:30 per cent (basic dry matter). Utilized of the concentrate made of a mixture that consist of bekatul, oilcake soybean, corn flour, worm flour, and premix while forage given a field grass. Feed treatment used field grass 70%, concentrate 30% (P0); field grass 70%, 28% concentrate, worm flour 2% (P1); field grass 70%, 26% concentrate, worm flour 4% (P2) and 70% field grass, 24% concentrate, worms flour 6% (P3). Experimental design used was the Complete Random Design (CRD) pattern, the direction of the 4-level treatment (P0, P1, P2, and P3). Each treatment consist of 3 test replications and the replications each of one local male sheep. Parameter observed: dry matter consumption (DMC), organic matter consumption (OMC), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Results of research indicate that the average of the four treatment (P0, P1, P2 and P3) respectively for the dry matter consumption 858.35, 876.57, 881.55 and 887.58 (grams/ head/ day), organic matter consumption 670.32, 682.04, 686.16 and 689.03 (grams/ head/ day), dry matter digestibility 55.17, 59.51, 57.19 and 58.84 percent and organic matter digestibility 66.28, 69.09, 67.21 and 68.12 percent. Variansi analysis results show that the dry matter consumption, organic matter consumption, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility is not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion of this research is the use of worm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) in feed up to 6% of the total concentration does not affect consumption and digestibility of dry and organic matter, but able to maintain the quality of<br />local male sheep feed.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphate ion on the in Vitro Rumen Digestion of Polysaccharide Constituents of Bagasse

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFH Dekker ◽  
GN Richards
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

The dry matter digestibility (DMD) of poor quality roughages such as spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) by sheep and cattle has been shown to increase on addition of sulphur to the diet. The sulphur is added most frequently as inorganic sulphate, either alone (Playne 1969) or supplemented with urea (Bray and Hemsley 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972; Siebert and Kennedy 1972) or gluten (Playne 1969). These supplements have also increased feed intake in sheep (Playne 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972; Siebert and Kennedy 1972) and cattle (Siebert and Kennedy 1972), and have improved the nitrogen and sulphur balance (Moir, Somers, and Bray 1967; Bray and Hemsley 1969; Playne 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972) within the animal. Sulphates have been shown to increase the in vitro rumen digestion of starch (Kennedy, Mitchell, and Little 1971), crude fibre (Bray and Hemsley 1969), and acid-detergent fibre and cellulose (Barton, Bull, and Hemken 1971).

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize and starch with Shoti meal (Curcuma zedoaria) in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
O Islam ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

Effect of monensin supplementation on growth, feed digestibility and utilization in young calves

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ilan ◽  
A. Ben-Asher ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Z. Nitsan ◽  
I. Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Feeding Trials

ABSTRACTTwo feeding trials were carried out with Israeli Friesian male calves, commencing at an average age of 7 to 10 days, and covering a suckling period of 30 days followed by a further 90 days. A conventional starter, or one that contained cotton hulls, was used. In each experiment one group of 10 animals served as a control and a similar group was monensin-supplemented. No coccidia were found in the animals. In experiments 1 and 2 monensin supplementation was associated with increased daily gains of 10% and 47% during the suckling period and of 6% and 17% during the next 90 days, but only the differences obtained in experiment 2 were significant. In both experiments, dry-matter intake relative to body weight was higher with monensin supplementation in period 1, but reduced in period 2. The effect of monensin on molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids was smaller than that reported by previous authors for older cattle.A separate digestibility trial showed that monensin administered to suckling calves, either with milk replacer or directly into the rumen, improved dry-matter digestibility, increased the excretion of amylase, and tended to reduce that of trypsin and chymotrypsin.

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