Skin folds and Merino breeding. 6. The effects of varying heat exposures and degree of skin fold on rectal, scrotal, and testis temperatures

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Fowler ◽  
JP Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Selection Experiments ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Thermoregulatory Function

During exposures of up to 12i hours duration at air temperatures of 30�C, 35�C, 40�C, and 45�C, Folds Minus rams maintained lower subcutaneous scrotal and intra-testicular temperatures than Folds Plus rams. This was observed with rams from two separately established skin fold selection experiments (Trangie and Cunnamulla). It therefore seems unlikely that the association between skin fold and the ability of rams to withstand heat is due to chance genetic sampling variation that might occur in small closed flocks of sheep. Cunnamulla Folds Plus and Folds Minus rams had similar rectal temperatures. Trangie Folds Plus rams had higher rectal temperatures than, those of Trangie Folds Minus rams but only at air temperatures of 30�C and 35�C. The differences in testicular temperature between the two types of rams are probably more dependant on differences in scrotal thermoregulatory function than on differences in body temperature. It has also been shown that the difference in scrotal thermoregulatory function for rams from the Trangie skin fold selection flocks is genetic in origin.

Physiological reactions of Caucasian and Bantu males in acute exposure to cold

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Wyndham ◽  
J. S. Ward ◽  
N. B. Strydom ◽  
J. F. Morrison ◽  
C. G. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Eleven men per sample of Caucasian and Bantu males were exposed for 2 hr in a climatic chamber at various air temperatures ranging from 5 to 27 C, and a wind velocity of 80–100 ft/min. When expressed per square meter surface area the metabolism of the Bantu was greater in the range above 18 C and below 6 C. Average skin temperatures were similar for both groups, but between 27 and 17 C the toe and finger temperatures of the Caucasians were significantly higher than that of the Bantu—the difference at 27 C being 5 C for the fingers and 3.6 C for the toes. Rectal temperatures of both groups were similar between 27 and 17 C. With the rectal temperatures at 27 C air temperature as the criterion, it was found that as the air temperatures decreased below the 27–17 C range the rectal temperatures of the Bantu fell linearly, while the rectal temperatures of the Caucasians rose steadily. There is no doubt that in certain ranges of air temperatures there are significant differences between the cold reactions of Caucasians and the Bantu. cold adaptation; ethnic differences in response to cold; metabolic and body temperature reactions to cold; metabolic response to body temperature; metabolic reactions of ethnic groups Submitted on July 15, 1963

scholarly journals Behavior and Energy Losses of Cows during the Period of Low Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Oleksandr O. Borshch ◽  
Oleksandr V. Borshch ◽  
Yurii Mashkin ◽  
Vasyl Malina ◽  
Maxim Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderate Climate

Over the past 20 years, dairy farms in Ukraine have been actively introducing the keeping of cows in easy-to-assemble premises. However, in a moderate climate (with four distinct year seasons), the issues of microclimate, energy losses of animals and their behavior during the cold period of the year for keeping in such premises have not been fully studied. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the heat insulation elements use of side curtains in easy-to-assemble premises during the period of low temperatures on microclimate, energy outgoings for thermoregulation and behavior of cows. The research conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The research was conducted during January-February (29-43 days of the year) 2021. This period characterized by low average daily temperatures of -12.2– -18.7°С, strong wind gusts and daily precipitation in the form of snow. Two easy-toassemble premises for 400 heads were used for research. Parameters of placements (LxWxH): 150х32х10.5 m. The first one was without the use of curtains heat insulation elements, and the second one was with these elements of heat insulation. It was found that the use of polycarbonate wall heat insulation elements had a positive effect on the microclimate in the placement during the period of low temperatures. Indicators of average daily air temperatures in the placement were 3.2 and 8.8°C higher compared to the temperature in the same premise without the use of heat insulation elements and the environment. The wind speed also differed by 0.18 and 11.04 m/s, respectively. In addition, the heat insulation of the walls affected the temperature under the lying cow (+1.8°C), energy outgoings for thermoregulation (-1.93 MJ) and the number of cows that lay in the period of the lowest temperatures (+3.23-9.83%) compared to the placement without heat insulation elements. The difference in temperature of rubber carpet in the compared premises was significant: +3.3°C in the premises with heat insulation elements compared to the premises without heat insulation

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SUHU TUBUH BAYI BARU LAHIR ANTARA BAYI YANG BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI DAN BAYI YANG TIDAK BERHASIL MELAKUKAN INISIASI MENYUSU DINI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Aprilia Aprisanti Reyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Latar Belakang :Kehangatan dada ibu dapat menghangatkan bayi, sehingga apabila bayi diletakan di dada ibunya segera setelah melahirkan atau dilakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, dapat menurunkan resiko hipotermia dan menurunkan kematian bayi baru lahir akibat kedinginan atau hipotermia. Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Metode  :Analitik,desain cross sectional,populasi semua bayi baru lahir, sampel bayi barulahir, teknik Non Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Lembar Observasi dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikan α = 0.05 yaitu bila hasil uji statistik menunjukan p ≤ α maka H0 ditolak. Hasil      :Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhtidakhipotermisebanyak 20 bayi (87%) Suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD sebagianbesardengansuhutubuhhipotermisebanyak 8 bayi (66,7%). Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh hasil nilai p = 0,005 < α = 0.05 maka H1 diterima, artinya ada Perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD Kesimpulan :Terdapat perbedaan suhu tubuh bayi baru lahir antara bayi yang berhasil melakukan IMD dan bayi yang tidak berhasil melakukan IMD.   Kata kunci : Inisiasi Menyusu Dini, Suhu Tubuh Bayi Baru Lahir                                                                                               THE DIFFERENCE BODY TEMPERATURE BETWEEN BABIES WHO SUCCESSFULLY INITIATE BREASTFEEDING EARLY AND BABIESWHO FAIL TO INITIATE EARLY BREASTFEEDING AT RSIA KIRANA SIDOARJO 2019  Background : The warmth of the mother’s chest can warm the baby, so that when the baby is in the mother’s breast immediately after birth or initiated early breastfeeding can reduce the mortality rate of newborns due to hypotermia.Purpose :the purpose of this study was to determine the difference in body temperature of newborns between infants who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and infants who did not succeed in initiating early breastfeedingMethods : analytical, cross sectional design, population 40 newborns, samples 35 newborns, Non Random Sampling techniques, the data accumulation using observation sheets and using chi-square test, with significant value α = 0.05 is when the statistical test results show p ≤ α then Ho is rejected.Result : The body temperature of the newborn who succeeded in initiating early breastfeeding was 36.78ºC with 23 (65.7%) of infants none having hypothermia, the newborn baby's body temperature that did not succeed in doing this early breastfeeding was 35.78ºC With 8 infants experiencing hypothermia, while 4 babies with normal temperature. From the results of statistical tests obtained results with the value p = 0,000 <α = 0.05 then H1 accepted, meaning there is a difference in body temperature of a newborn who successfully initiated early breastfeeding and who did not succeed in Early Breastfeeding Initiation. Conclusion : There is a difference in the body temperature of a newborn between infants who successfully initiated breastfeeding and infants who are not successful in initiating early breastfeeding....Keywords : Early breastfeedinginitiation, newborns temperature

scholarly journals Urban heat island in Bloemfontein during winter

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Snyman ◽  
A. Stephen Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are characterised by warmer urban air temperatures compared to rural air temperatures, and the intensity is equal to the difference between the two. Air temperatures are measured at various sites across the city of Bloemfontein and then analysed to determine the UHI characteristics. The UHI is found to have a horseshoe shape and reaches a maximum intensity of 8.2 °C at 22:00. The UHI is largely affected by the local topography.

Evaluation of Chemical Dot Thermometers for Measuring Body Temperature of Orally Intubated Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Potter ◽  
Marilyn Schallom ◽  
Susan Davis ◽  
Carrie Sona ◽  
Maryellen McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Electronic Thermometer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subsequent Patient

• Background Recent research indicates that oral measurement of body temperature is a reliable option in orally intubated patients. In situations such as protective isolation, where dedicated electronic thermometers are not available, are single-use chemical dot thermometers an acceptable alternative?• Objective To determine the accuracy of single-use chemical dot thermometers in orally intubated adult patients.• Methods Subjects included a convenience sample of 85 adult patients admitted to 1 of 2 intensive care units (surgical trauma and neuroscience). For each patient, oral temperatures were measured concurrently (within 5 minutes) with a chemical dot thermometer and an electronic thermometer. The sequence of temperature measurements was alternated with each subsequent patient. Both thermometers were placed in the same posterior sublingual pocket opposite the side of the endotracheal tube.• Results Measurements obtained with electronic and single-use chemical dot thermometers correlated strongly (r = 0.937). With the chemical dot thermometer, body temperature was overestimated in 11.8% of the measurements and underestimated in 10.8% of the measurements by 0.4°C or more. The difference between oral temperatures measured with the 2 different thermometers was not related to the patient’s age, sex, or sublingual pocket location or to the order of thermometer use.• Conclusion The chemical dot thermometer is useful and reliable for measuring body temperature of orally intubated patients. When measurements of body temperature have important consequences for decisions about treatment, clinicians should use an electronic thermometer to confirm measurements made with a chemical dot thermometer.

Catecholamine elevation in iron deficiency

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (5) ◽  
pp. R297-R300 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dillmann ◽  
D. G. Johnson ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
B. Mackler ◽  
C. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Maintain Body Temperature

Iron-deficient rats have increased blood and urinary catecholamines regardless of whether anemia is or is not present. The catecholamine response in both iron-deficient and control animals is largely temperature dependent, showing little difference at the isothermic temperature of 30 degrees C but a two- to threefold increase in iron-deficient animals over controls at lower temperatures. The iron-deficient rat is unable to maintain body temperature at 4 degrees C and this is independent of anemia or of food intake. When animals are run on the treadmill for 4 h, body temperatures increase but the difference observed at 4 degrees C between iron-deficient and control animals persists. The underlying abnormality in temperature regulation and in catecholamine response disappeared after 6 days of iron therapy.

Effect of heating rate on evaporative heat loss in the microwave-exposed mouse

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Body Heat

Male CBA/J mice were administered heat loads of 0–28 J X g-1 at specific absorption rates (SARs) of either 47 or 93 W X kg-1 by exposure to 2,450-MHz microwave radiation at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C while evaporative heat loss (EHL) was continuously monitored with dew-point hygrometry. At an SAR of 47 W X kg-1 a threshold heat load of 10.5 J X g-1 had to be exceeded before EHL increased. An approximate doubling of SAR to 93 W X kg-1 reduced the threshold to 5.2 J X g-1. Above threshold the slopes of the regression lines were 1.15 and 0.929 for the low- and high-SAR groups, respectively. Thus the difference in threshold and not slope attributes to the significant increase in EHL when mice are exposed at a high SAR (P less than 0.02). In separate experiments a SAR of 47 W X kg-1 raised the deep body temperature of anesthetized mice at a rate of 0.026 degrees C X s-1, whereas 93 W X kg-1 raised temperature at 0.049 degrees C X s-1. Hence the sensitivity of the EHL mode of heat dissipation is directly proportional to the rate of heat absorption and to the rate of rise in body temperature. These data contradict the notion that mammals have control over whole-body heat exchange only (i.e., thermoregulation) but instead indicate that the EHL system is highly responsive to the rate of heat absorption (i.e., temperature regulation).

Thermal influence of sunshine and clothing on men walking in humid heat

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. N. Craig ◽  
E. G. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Clothing Insulation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Thermal Influence

For two men walking on a treadmill and wearing two layers of permeable clothing, the same physiological strain measured by the rate of increase in mean body temperature could be produced a) next to a building outdoors in the sunshine with an average air temperature of 85 F and humidity of 20 mm Hg and b) indoors with the same humidity and an air temperature 10 F higher. Under these conditions, the underwear was mainly wet with sweat and the outer layer was mainly dry. In comparable indoor tests on a third subject, the temperature of the underwear approached equilibrium 1 or 2 F lower than the temperature of the skin at air temperatures of 85 and 115 F. The error in calculating clothing insulation introduced by assuming the clothing to be dry is determined by the size and direction of the temperature gradient between skin and air. Adding 10 F to the indoor air temperature does not duplicate all the effects of sunshine. Submitted on September 15, 1961

Reliability of the bulk milk somatic cell count as an indication of average herd somatic cell count

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lievaart ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Henk Hogeveen ◽  
Wim Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
The Difference

Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is a frequently used parameter to estimate the subclinical mastitis prevalence in a dairy herd, but it often differs considerably from the average SCC of all individual cows in milk. In this study, first the sampling variation was determined on 53 dairy farms with a BMSCC ranging from 56 000 to 441 000 cells/ml by collecting five samples on each farm of the same bulk tank. The average absolute sampling variation ranged from 1800 to 19 800 cells/ml. To what extent BMSCC represents all lactating cows was evaluated in another 246 farms by comparing BMSCC to the average herd SCC corrected for milk yield (CHSCC), after the difference was corrected for the sampling variation of BMSCC. On average BMSCC was 49 000 cells/ml lower than CHSCC, ranging from −10 000 cells/ml to 182 000 cells/ml, while the difference increased with an increasing BMSCC. Subsequently, management practices associated with existing differences were identified. Farms with a small (<20%) difference between BMSCC and CHSCC administered intramuscular antibiotics for the treatment of clinical mastitis more often, used the high SCC history when cows were dried off more frequently and had a higher number of treatments per clinical mastitis case compared with farms with a large (⩾20%) difference. Farms feeding high-SCC milk or milk with antibiotic residues to calves were 2·4-times more likely to have a large difference. Although sampling variation influences the differences between BMSCC and CHSCC, the remaining difference is still important and should be considered when BMSCC is used to review the average herd SCC and the subclinical mastitis prevalence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document