Carnitine-mediated antioxidant enzyme activity and Bcl2 expression involves peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α in mouse testis

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar Roy ◽  
Rachna Verma ◽  
Amitabh Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

The protective effects of carnitine have been attributed to inhibition of apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress and DNA repair mechanism by decreasing oxidative radicles. Carnitine also increases mitochondrial biogenesis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). The role of carnitine in testicular PGC1α expression has not been documented. We hypothesised that the effects of carnitine as an antioxidant, inhibitor of apoptosis and controller of steroidogenesis in mouse testis may involve PGC1α as a regulator. The present study was designed to evaluate the localisation of PGC1α and the effects of carnitine treatment on the expression of PGC1α, Bcl2 and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) in mouse testis and serum testosterone concentrations. PGC1α was primarily immunolocalised to the Leydig cells and primary spermatocytes. Western blot analysis showed that carnitine (50 mg kg–1 and 100 mg kg–1 for 7 days) significantly increased PGC1α and Bcl2 expression in the testis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, carnitine treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD and GPx) levels. The carnitine-induced changes in PGC1α in the testis were significantly correlated with changes in serum testosterone concentrations, as well as with changes in Bcl2 expression and antioxidant enzyme activity in the testis, as evaluated by electrophoresis. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that carnitine treatment of mice increases PGC1α levels in the testis, which may, in turn, regulate steroidogenesis by increasing expression of Bcl2 and antioxidant enzymes.

Enhanced steroidogenic and altered antioxidant response by ZnO nanoparticles in mouse testis Leydig cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 571-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Bara ◽  
Gautam Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Zno Nps

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are important nanomaterials with myriad applications and in widespread use. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of ZnO NPs on steroidogenesis by considering mouse testicular Leydig cells (TM3) as an in vitro model system. The uptake, intracellular behaviour, cytotoxicity and morphological changes induced by ZnO NPs (0–200 µg/ml) in a time-dependent manner in the TM3 were assessed. A significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in TM3 viability was observed at 2 µg/ml ZnO NP after a 1-h incubation time period. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, was regularly observed. Not surprisingly, apoptosis also increased significantly after a 4-h exposure period. Transmission electron micrographs illustrated that ZnO NPs were taken up by Leydig cells and resulted in the formation of autophagosomes, autolysosomes and autophagic vacuoles. Concomitant real-time data indicated that ZnO NPs significantly increased the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme) and significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased antioxidant enzyme gene (SOD) expression after a 4-h incubation period. Moreover, ZnO NPs exposure significantly increased testosterone production at 2 µg/ml concentration after a 12-h incubation period. Our findings confirm the adverse effects of ZnO NPs by being cytotoxic, enhancing apoptosis, causing steroidogenic effect in Leydig cells and increasing autophagic vacuole formation possibly via alteration of antioxidant enzyme activity in TM3 cells.

scholarly journals Comparison of fatty acids profile and antioxidant enzyme level of cladoceran Moina brachiata (jurine, 1820) from freshwater bodies of Chennai

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Gomathi Jeyam. M ◽  
Ramanibai Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Algal Diet

Omega-3 family (ω-3) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was considered as an important biochemical for the physiological function of all trophic level animals. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of algal diet on fatty acids composition (FA), antioxidant enzymes and DNA damage of Moina brachiata from Adyar River and Kolavoi Lake. 8 different fatty acids were identified in M. brachiata through GC-MS analysis and we noticed two PUFA (Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA 20:5 (ω-3); Linoleic acid 18:2 (ω-6)). The dietary fatty acid accumulation and bioconversion capacity of M. brachiata have differed in two lakes fed with algal diet. The high amount of ω-3 PUFA was observed in M. brachiata fed with Scenedesmus sp. in Kolavoi Lake (35.84%) followed by Adyar River (33.78%). PUFA content was significantly declined in wild M. brachiata of Adyar River (17.44%) followed by Kolavoi lake (25.78%). On the other hand, high level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing level of key antioxidant enzymes likes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and DNA damage were observed in wild M. brachiata of Adyar River. Hence, the algal diet could enhance the level of antioxidant enzyme activity by decreasing the level of MDA and it does not show DNA damage on M. brachiata. Overall, the results obtained in this study explored that Scenedesmus sp., has the ability to enhance the PUFA content, antioxidant enzyme activity and prevent the DNA damage in M. brachiata which was declined in the wild animal due to the environmental stress conditions.

scholarly journals Antioxidant enzyme activity in the muscles of calves depleted of vitamin E or selenium or both

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic M. Walsh ◽  
D. Glenn Kennedy ◽  
Edward A. Goodall ◽  
Seamus Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Feeding diets depleted of vitamin E and Se to cattle can induce a disease known as nutritional degenerative myopathy. It is believed that an increased peroxidative challenge in muscle is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. A number of species can up-regulate the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), in an attempt to mitigate the effects of a peroxidative challenge. A 2 × 2 factorial study was set up to examine possible changes in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in muscles of ruminant calves fed on diets low in either vitamin E or Se. Four groups of four calves each were fed on a basal diet of NaOH-treated barley which was supplemented with α-tocopherol or Se or both for a total of 50 weeks. Calves fed on diets depleted of vitamin E, but not those ted on diets low in Se, developed subclinical myopathy, as judged by increases in the activity of plasma creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), and had increased muscle concentrations of two indices of lipid peroxidation, namely thiobarbituric acidreactive substances, with and without ascorbate activation. Feeding diets depleted of vitamin E and diets low in Se both increased muscle activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydregenase in heart, biceps and supraspinatus. This change may have occurred in an attempt to maintain intracellular pools of reduced glutathione. No other changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Stroke: Decreased Insulin Sensitivity and Decreases in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Are Related to Different Stroke Subtypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jotic ◽  
Nadezda Covickovic Sternic ◽  
Vladimir S. Kostic ◽  
Katarina Lalic ◽  
Tanja Milicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Stroke Subtypes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

We analyzed (a) insulin sensitivity (IS) and (b) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzyme activity in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with atherothrombotic infarction (ATI) (group A), lacunar infarction (LI) (B), or without stroke (C) and in nondiabetics with ATI (D), LI (E), or without stroke (F). ATI and LI were confirmed by brain imaging IS levels were determined by minimal model (Si index), and the enzyme activity by spectrophotometry. In T2D patients, Si was lower in A and B versus C (1.14±0.58,1.00±0.26versus3.14±0.62 min−1/mU/l × 104,P<0.001) and in nondiabetics in D and E versus F (3.38±0.77,3.03±0.72versus6.03±1.69 min−1/mU/l × 104,P<0.001). Also, GSH-Px and GR activities were lower in A and B versus C (GSH-Px:21.96±3.56,  22.51±1.23versus25.12±1.67; GR:44.37±3.58,  43.50±2.39versus48.58±3.67 U/gHb;P<0.001) and in D and E versus F (GSH-Px:24.75±3.02,  25.57±1.92versus28.56±3.91; GR:48.27±6.81,  49.17±6.24versus53.67±3.96 U/gHb;P<0.001). Decreases in Si and GR were significantly related to both ATI and LI in T2D. Our results showed that decreased IS and impaired antioxidant enzymes activity influence ischemic stroke subtypes in T2D. The influence of insulin resistance might be exerted on the level of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes.

Changes in antioxidant enzymes in postmortem muscle and effects on meat quality from three duck breeds during cold storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Nenzhu Zheng ◽  
Linli Zhang ◽  
Qingwu Xin ◽  
Zhongwei Miao ◽  
Zhiming Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Muscle Tissues

This study was conducted to evaluate changes to antioxidant systems in the postmortem muscle of three duck breeds and to analyze their relationship with meat quality. Pekin ducks, Muscovy ducks, and Mulard ducks were euthanized at the age of 70 d. The antioxidant enzyme activities and related gene expressions as well as meat quality in muscle tissues were examined. The breed of the duck had a significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of muscle tissues (P < 0.05), with the exceptions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 96 h as well as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 120 h. The SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx/GSH-Px), and T-AOC activities from highest to lowest were Muscovy duck > Mulard duck > Pekin duck, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration followed the opposite pattern. During cold storage (0–120 h), a decrease in the GPx, SOD, and T-AOC activities was noted, although MDA concentration increased gradually. The GPx1 and Cu/Zn-SOD gene expression levels in Muscovy duck muscle tissues were significantly higher than those in other breeds at both 0 and 24 h. Correlation analysis showed that higher antioxidant enzyme activity in duck muscle tissues was associated with higher water-holding capacity (WHC) and more stable meat color. Higher antioxidant enzyme activity in duck meat similarly resulted in higher pH values, higher WHC, and more stable meat color. These data indicate that antioxidant enzymes may inhibit lipid oxidation and participate in the regulation of meat quality.

scholarly journals Biochemical Changes under Chromium Stress on Germinating Seedlings of Vigna radiata

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavin SUTHAR ◽  
Jayesh PANSURIYA ◽  
Mafatlal M KHER ◽  
Dr. Vinay R PATEL ◽  
Murugan NATARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cr Concentration

Hexavalant chromium is considered the most toxic form because of its high solubility in water. Cr is known to induce production of elevated concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in macromolecule damage. Plants are having unique mechanisms to overcome ROS induced damage by accumulation of proline, ascorbate and glutathione and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidaes (APX), peroxidise (POX). In the present investigation effects of chromium on seed germination of Mung bean (Vigna radiata 'Gujarat Mung-4’) were studied. Seeds were treated with different Cr concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 4M) for seven days. On 7th day root and shoot length was measured and activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD, APX, POX, CAT and GR were checked along with protein, proline and lipid peroxidation. It was observed that there is gradual decrease in shoot and root length with respect to the increase in Cr concentration. Level of lipid peroxidation significantly increased along with proline and antioxidant enzyme activity at higher Cr concentration. Lipid peroxidation is an indication of membrane damage due to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To combat oxidative damage by ROS antioxidant enzyme activity increased significantly, which indicates that antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) play a crucial role during Cr stress during germination of V. radiata.

Antioxidant Enzyme Levels Inversely Covary with Hearing Loss After Amikacin Treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Klemens ◽  
Robert P. Meech ◽  
Larry F. Hughes ◽  
Satu Somani ◽  
Kathleen C.M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
The Difference

This study's purpose was to determine if a correlation exists between cochlear antioxidant activity changes and auditory function after induction of aminoglycoside (AG) ototoxicity. Two groups of five 250-350 g albino guinea pigs served as subjects. For 28 days, albino guinea pigs were administered either 200 mg/kg/day amikacin, or saline subcutaneously. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed prior to the first injection and again before sacrifice, 28 days later. Cochleae were harvested and superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase activities and malondialdehyde levels were measured. All antioxidant enzymes had significantly lower activity in the amikacin group (p ≤ 0.05) than in the control group. The difference in cochlear antioxidant enzyme activity between groups inversely correlated significantly with the change in ABR thresholds. The greatest correlation was for the high frequencies, which are most affected by aminoglycosides. This study demonstrates that antioxidant enzyme activity and amikacin-induced hearing loss significantly covary.

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