scholarly journals Understanding uptake of community groundwater monitoring in rural Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2015174118
Author(s):  
Alicia Cooperman ◽  
Alexandra R. McLarty ◽  
Brigitte Seim
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Community Leadership ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Resource Monitoring ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
High Coordination

Resource monitoring is often cited as important for effective common pool resources management. In practice, not all monitoring interventions are successful, particularly when the resource, such as groundwater, is challenging to monitor and measure. We conducted a field experiment on groundwater monitoring in Ceará, Brazil, where communities are increasingly reliant on groundwater yet do not engage in monitoring. Despite careful implementation, uptake of monitoring within the 80 treatment communities was low. To unpack this low uptake, we conduct multimethods exploratory research. We find that uptake is less likely in communities facing high coordination costs, either within the community leadership or across the broader community. Uptake is also less likely when there are physical barriers to monitoring, when there are more substitutes for groundwater, and when there is lower variability in water availability. Our findings can inform future monitoring interventions in similar contexts worldwide.

scholarly journals Is the formalization of NPD collaboration productive or counterproductive? Contingent effects of trust between partners

2020 ◽  
pp. 234094442091630 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Pemartín ◽  
Ana I Rodríguez-Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
New Product ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
High Coordination ◽  
New Product Quality

New product development (NPD) collaborations with external partners involve high coordination costs and run substantial risks. Formalization seems to be an effective mechanism to mitigate said costs and risks, although the issue of whether formalization actually proves productive or counterproductive remains an open question. This study empirically analyses the direct impact of formalization and the interaction effect between formalization and trust between partners in order to gauge their influence on NPD collaboration performance. Findings indicate that formalization directly boosts the quality and novelty of the new product developed in collaboration, but that it does not affect adherence to schedule. In addition, trust reinforces the productive effect of formalization on new product quality and novelty, and makes the impact of formalization on adherence to schedule positive. However, without trust, we find a null impact of formalization on new product quality and a counterproductive impact on adherence to schedule. These results suggest that formalization and trust may complement each other, reinforcing each other’s positive effect on new product quality and novelty and presenting a positive synergistic effect, while helping to overcome the counterproductive effect of formalization on adherence to schedule. JEL CLASSIFICATION: O32

Evolution of rainwater harvesting and use in Crete, Hellas, through the millennia

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
And Storage

The low water availability in several regions of southeastern Hellas and particularly in several islands, such as Crete, has resulted in the construction of various types of water reservoir for collection and storage of rainwater, since their very early habitation. Since then, technologies for the construction and use of several types of cisterns have been developed. In Crete during the Minoan era, water cisterns were very well practiced as a basic means for water supply in several settlements. The Minoan water cistern technologies were further developed, mainly by enlargement of the scale of water systems, at subsequent stages of the Hellenic civilizations. Furthermore, more advanced water cistern technologies were invented, with a peak during the Hellenistic period which followed Alexander the Great, during which time they spread over a geographical area from Hellas to the west and to the east. The Romans inherited the cistern technologies and further developed them mainly by changing their application scale from small to large. Characteristic paradigms of Cretan cisterns are considered which justify the significance of that technology for water supply in areas with low water availability during the whole Cretan history. Herein, nowadays climatic conditions and water resources management in Crete are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Model Calibration Parameter Using Optimization Trial in HEC-HMS for Unda Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
G A P Eryani ◽  
I M S Amerta ◽  
M W Jayantari
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Resources Management

Abstract In water resource planning, information on water availability is needed. Nowadays, data on water availability is still difficult to obtain. With technology in the form of a rainfall-runoff simulation model that can predict water availability in the Unda watershed. It can add information about the potential for water in the Unda watershed. It can be used to prepare water resources management in the Unda watershed so that the existing potential can be used sustainably. Based on the rainfall simulation model results in the Unda watershed, it can be concluded that after running the initial model and calibration. The results are obtained R2 value was 0.68 and increased by 9.81% to 0.754. Both the initial model and the calibration model show an efficient R2 value, NASH value increases by 49.93% to 0.713, which includes satisfactory criteria, RMSE value of 1.135 and decreased by 49.47% to 0.758, and the PBIAS value was 44.70% which was classified as unsatisfactory and decreased from 80.24% to 24.80% at the time of calibration which was classified as satisfactory. In general, the overall simulation results are quite good for representing the watershed’s efficient hydrological process.

scholarly journals Changes in Dry-Season Water Availability and Attributions in the Yellow River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fubo Zhao ◽  
Shuai Ma ◽  
Yiping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Yellow River Basin

Global warming will significantly change patterns of precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (E) and thus the surface water availability (P minus E, P–E). Changes in P–E will challenge freshwater supply, food security, and sustainability of the ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal change in P–E and its drivers is key for water resources management. Here, we quantified the changes in water availability during the driest month of the year and identified its drivers in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), China, during 1982–2016. Our results showed that 89.6% of the YRB showed declining dry-season water availability in 2000–2016 compared with 1982–1999, although the total dry-season water resources (defined as the proportion of the sum of monthly P–E to the P) remained nearly unchanged due to the increased P. Changes in seasonal P and E contributed to 87.0 and 99.0% declines in dry-season water availability, respectively, demonstrating the key role of E in net seasonal water fluxes. Increased air temperature (41.8%), vegetation greening (30.8%), and vapor pressure deficit (19.2%) were the main factors driving changes in E in the YRB during the study period. Our study highlighted a drier dry season in the YRB during 1982–2016 and illustrated that climate and vegetation changes played important roles in driving changes in dry-season water availability. Seasonal water fluxes must be considered in future water resources management in the YRB, especially in the context of climate warming and revegetation programs.

scholarly journals HETEROTOPIA WORK. Correlation between the domestic built environment and home offices during COVID-19 confinement

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-631
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Araya Leon ◽  
Ainoa Abella ◽  
Ricardo Guasch ◽  
Alberto T. Estévez ◽  
Javier Peña
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Domestic Setting

The new COVID-19 context has transported work to a domestic setting. These new locations, heterotopic, do not always adequately respond to user needs.This paper explores the relationship between the domestic built environment and certain elements that shape it, the perception, emotional state and productivity of the users.A pilot case study was carried out with 11 volunteers who evaluated their home offices for seven work days using physical environment tools, two tests -fixed data and daily evaluation-. Also, environmental parameters of the territory were monitored.Among the main findings, we observed that the perception of size does not relate to actual size; a balcony is associated with happiness and calm. We have verified how biophilic elements promote well-being. Happiness and calm are related to hight and low levels of lux. There is a tendency of happiness associated with collaborative tasks, and calm with individual ones. This article opens up a path for exploratory research on resilient situations in which physical barriers force people to seek creative solutions and offers tools to empower users. Current trends in data-driven design and teleworking support research proposals like this one, with a focus on well-being, productivity.

Community leadership and the Triple Helix model as determinants of the constitution of science parks

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Fernando Fantoni Bencke ◽  
Eric Charles Henri Dorion ◽  
Cleber Cristiano Prodanov ◽  
Pelayo Munhoz Olea
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Community Leadership ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Science Parks ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Brazilian Science

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and understand the condition that lead to a constitution’s path of Brazilian Science Parks, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and consequently to propose a new dimension of analysis to the Triple Helix. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was used to elaborate a descriptive and exploratory research design, where a case study method was applied on six science parks. Findings The use of the Triple Helix model could not explain the Brazilian Science Park development realities. A new element, related to the innovation model, was considered as a determinant in the constitution of the Brazilian parks, and is represented as the community leadership category, as the Fourth Helix. Research limitations/implications Since it is a qualitative study, the results obtained have a strong relation with the local, cultural and historically constructed contexts. Bias from the researchers’ subjectivity in the data collection procedures is present, although the validity and reliability measures were performed. Practical implications The construction of designed and implemented specific “fertile models,” which are capable of developing the necessary conditions for the constitution and the consolidation of science parks in Brazil. Social implications Such empirical contribution comes from data referring to spontaneous and endogenous local community development movements. Originality/value The identification of a new element of the Triple Helix innovation model is represented as the community leadership category and is considered as a key determinant in the constitution of the Brazilian Science Parks.

Architecture, Tourism, and Technological Innovation in the Jesuit Mission of São Miguel, Brazil

2018 ◽  
pp. 228-244
Author(s):  
Pedro de Alcântara Bittencourt César ◽  
Julia Luise Altmman ◽  
Caroline Peccin da Silva ◽  
Bruna Tronca ◽  
Michele Pinheiro Trentin
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Architecture ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Technological Means

The contemporaneity demands a better relation between the object and the subject. In this article, it is expected to understand how has been developed this bond of Jesuit architecture and its understanding by the visitor. In this way, it is searched to explore the touristic technological means in Missões Guaraníticas. It questions the use of technology to a better extent of dissemination of local and cultural legacy - existing architecture. The methodology presents an exploratory research of technological platforms of information. It is noticed that its use increases tourism, favoring the culture and history of the region, besides promoting accessibility, reducing the social and physical barriers. The technology helps to preserve and disseminate the historical importance of the site. New information media has influenced and has increased the tourism, stimulating the local trade, and also it encourages the preservation of historical heritage. The approach of historical study of the region / country has great potential for increasing interest in historical architecture and culture.

scholarly journals Outorgas Superficiais na Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Domingos, Pinheiros/ES / Grant Suface at Hydrographic Sub-Basin River São Domingos, Pinheiros/ES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (52) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Jonatha Liprandi Jaques ◽  
André Luiz Nascentes Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Espirito Santo

<p>O aumento da demanda pelos recursos hídricos tem colaborado para um cenário de conflitos decorrentes do uso da água em diferentes espaços geográficos e que vêm crescendo gradualmente no Estado do Espírito Santo. A Política Nacional e Estadual de Recursos Hídricos, instituída pela Lei Federal n° 9.433/1997 e a Lei Estadual do Espírito Santo 10.179/2014, constituiu a outorga nas condições de disponibilidades hídricas, pois fornece o limite máximo permissível, por prazo determinado para todos os usuários outorgados. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar em detalhes os processos de outorgas e as denúncias de irregularidades relativas ao uso de recursos hídricos na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio São Domingos, localizada no município de Pinheiros – ES. Empregando como instrumento metodológico o uso de sistemas de informações geográficas (SIGs), com o propósito de identificar os processos de outorgas e as áreas de conflitos. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso de irrigação é predominante no número de outorgas. Consta-se a grande importância de um manejo sustentável para o uso de irrigação.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Gestão de Recursos Hídricos; Instrumento de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos; Disponibilidade Hídrica; Conflitos de Usos de Recursos Hídricos.</p><p><strong>Abstract         </strong></p><p>The increase in demand for water resources has contributed to a scenario of conflicts arising from the use of water in different geographic spaces and that have been growing gradually in the State of Espírito Santo. The Hydric Resources National and State Politian, created by the Federal Law number 9.433/1997 and the State Law number 10.179/2014, constitute the grant under the conditions of water availability, as it provides the maximum permissible limit for a fixed term for all the users granted. Thus, the present research aims to evaluate in detail the granting processes and complaints of irregularities related to the use of water resources in  the São Domingos river basin, located in the municipality of Pinheiros – ES. Using as a methodological tool the use of geographic information systems (GIS), with the purpose of identifying the granting processes and the areas of conflicts. The results show that the predominant use of water is to irrigation as presented by number of grant. It is the importance of sustainable management for the use of irrigation is high.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Hydric Resources Management; Water Resources Management Instrument; Water Availability; Conflicts of Uses of Water Resources.</p>

scholarly journals The server's turnover on a federal education institution of Rio de Janeiro: the construction of a proposal of action to aid the reversal of the talent's evasion process

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Daniel Mendes Pires Haack ◽  
Stella Regina Reis da Costa ◽  
Augusto Da Cunha Reis
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Do So

Given the current scenario, where the citizen's level of demand for public services is gradually high, it is impossible to maintain the old inefficient practices in Public Administration. Given this situation, it is necessary to reformulate the methods to improve the final product, moving the current processes to an administration of a more managerial nature, based not only on efficiency, but also on the efficiency of the product returned to society. In this sense, it is conceived that such a reformulation should include Human Resources Management, also directing it to a strategic management model, through which people and, consequently, their motivation, take on a central role for the Institutions, in order to strengthen the degree of commitment between employee and Organization. As an objective, this work aimed at the construction of a proposal of action to assist a Federal Education Institution of Rio de Janeiro in the retention of its servers. In order to do so, the main factors capable of adversely affecting the process of establishment of organizational commitment, as well as the application of a questionnaire to 95 employees of the institution, were identified through bibliographic and documentary exploratory research, in order to identify the degree of relevance of these factors, and the proposition of specific actions, such as the creation of a bank of hours for the servers, in order to mitigate or even reverse the evasion of talent in the Institution.

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