The limits of objective reporting

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Cohen-Almagor
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
The Media ◽  
Different Dimensions

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the assumption that objective reporting is good reporting, is ethical reporting. I do this by reflecting on different dimensions that are associated with the concept of objectivity: (1) accuracy; (2) truthfulness; (3) fairness and balance, and (4) moral neutrality. It is asserted that in many cases journalists are not objective in their reporting either because they consciously prefer not to be or because they are being manipulated by their sources. I close by asserting that the values of not harming others and respecting others should play a prominent part in the considerations of journalists. These are basic ethical standards that sometimes require normative reporting. Consequently, morally neutral coverage of hate speech and racism is a bad idea. It is a false and wrong conception. Subjectivity is preferable to objectivity when the media cover illiberal and anti-democratic phenomena.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SLAVIC MEDIA TEXTS CONTAINING HATE SPEECH

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Larysa Gorodnycha ◽  
Maryna Olkhovyk ◽  
Svitlana Gergul
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Resources Distribution ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internally Displaced Person ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article analyzes hate speech definitions as linguistic and cultural phenomena in the context of an interdisciplinary approach, and describes features of linguistic resources distribution in the texts with the hate speech. The paper deals with the functioning of the concept “hate speech” in the regional media space of Ukraine and Bulgaria. The authors define the causes of the hate speech usage in the media texts and study the hate speech as the source of the modern vocabulary. The article gives deeper understanding of the essence of the concept “hate speech”, more clearly defining its boundaries, reasons for distribution and the main features of the functioning, considering the interdisciplinary approach to its interpretation. The research describes the features of an editor's work on the texts with the hate speech and methods of its neutralization, as well as proven discriminatory manifestation of hate speech in political neologisms as “refugee”, “migrant”, “internally displaced person”. For implementing the goals and objectives of the study, the complex of methods has been used: system approach, monitoring and analysis of the media texts in the regional media, summarizing the results of the analysis.

scholarly journals Wstrząsająca treść jako manipulacyjny element dyskursu konfliktu

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Anna Hłuszko
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Web News

Shock content as a manipulative component of conflict discourseDifficult socio-political situation in Ukraine creates specific media discourse, which in turn gives rise to a number of phenomena, connected to information war categories, war of meanings, hate speech etc. Active entry of military issues into web news content affects traditional approach to the media-text drafting. The report examines the trends of shock visual content and its announcement in the web headlines. The influence of the content emotionalization, which is one of the common features for conflict discourse, not only on text style, but also on features of page making, selection and use of photo illustrations, headline creation, is studied. The material covering military developments usually involve deaths, injuries, loss, destruction of settlements as a result of hostilities, that is, they focus on information on suffering of both military and civilians. This results in stronger integration of shock visual content into the news, which in turn may be used as manipulation and propaganda tool. On the one hand it is used to demonstrate crimes of the enemy, on the other — as an evidence of Ukrainian military success. From the point of view of ethic and humanism the justification of such tactic is doubtful in both cases. However, the study shows that open image of death, blood, injuries in the materials and the announcement of such content in headlines are the cause of high popularity of such publications, and this mainstreams the problem of dehumanizing impact both on material’s subjects and on media audience.

scholarly journals Personality Goes a Long Way

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Costa Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
The Media ◽  
Electoral Behaviour ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Personalization Of Politics

This article reviews books which test the personalization of politics, looking at different dimensions of the growing importance of leaders over time, namely for political parties, in electoral behaviour and in the media. Only recently have wide-ranging comparative longitudinal studies on leaders been carried out. The personalization thesis is not equally demonstrated across all dimensions. Indeed, we find something of a puzzle: There is no strong trend towards personalization of party organizations, whereas in electoral behaviour the evidence points to the increasing use by voters of leaders as heuristics. This attests to the decline of the importance of parties. The personalization of media may be the mechanism which explains the change in voting behaviour, and the third and final section of the review looks into that arena. We conclude with some suggestions on further research on the personalization of politics.

scholarly journals Judicial Integrity through the Lens of Modern Social Transformations

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-25
Author(s):  
Oksana Hryshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Personal Belief ◽  
Transitional Democracies ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Judicial Protection

The most important factors of building and maintaining public confidence in the judiciary are extralegal social factors are of great for. The active development of a postmodern society poses new challenges, one of them is the "post-truth" phenomenon, that gives rise to the circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief. This leads to a peculiar interpretation of the facts on social media, which doesn’t always represent the facts, but may contains their selective and non-exhaustive interpretation. Therefore, the whole traditional value system got under blow,since facts doesn’t occupy a leading position in Western democracies. The issue of spreading the post-truth in the judicial sphere, adversely affects public legal awareness and confidence in the judiciary,particularly, inciting hatred and misinformation in the media results in putting pressure on judges.Because ofthe social context and new conditions of a postmodern society, the judicial authorities and every judge nowadays must be prepared for the possible challenges related to such an environment. It seems,trere are two types of these challenges : the ones related to the integrity of the judges and those related to communication with representatives of civil society. Today integrityis associated, above all, with the virtues of the judge and the standards of ethical conduct for judges.The judge's ethical standards are enshrined in Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct and reflected in the Code of Judicial Ethics, which state that the exercise of the right of everyone to judicial protection sets high demands on the moral qualities of each judge. It seems that the judicial integrity may be regarded as a result of implementing ethical standards and principles in each judge's behaviour. Civil society's demand is high in terms of the judicial integrity, and it is particularly exacerbated in transitional democracies, during a period of active reformation processes, when many issues may be shifted from the political plane to the plane of judgement. Moreover, there is not enough today for a judge to be virtuous, because society demands openness of the court procedures, and therefore the problem of judicial communication is raised. As we can see, judicial authorities and judges are aware of the communication importance and are willing to communicate with civil society, in particular, most courts in Ukraine have developed communication strategies; active participation of courts and judges on social networking is in evidence. Keywords: post-truth, court, integrity, professional ethics of judges, judicial communication.

scholarly journals Facebook users’ reaction to the declaration of the state of emergency in the Republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Petar Pusonja
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
The State ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the research findings on the behavior of users of the social network Facebook, in the circumstances of a crisis situation and the declaration of the state of emergency. By combining the media content analysis, modified netnographic approach and pseudo-survey techniques, the author seeks to determine the extent and the manner in which the declaration of the state of emergency in the Republic of Srpska has affected its citizens. The results show that the state of emergency has led to a reduction in the number of events reported, creating uniformity in media content and increasing the degree to which the media rely on official sources of information. On the other hand, the audience shows saturation with such content, completely ignoring it or expressing dissatisfaction with the overall situation, most often sarcastically. The analysis of user comments shows that, although value-neutral, the content focused on government activities provoked mostly negative comments, with hate speech and explicit vulgarism, as well as comments ad hominem, although to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals The Media of Washatiyah Dakwah in Quranic Exegesis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-922
Author(s):  
Andri Nirwana ◽  
Hayati Hayati ◽  
Muhammad Ridhwan
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Media ◽  
Radical Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interpretation Method

the fact explains that the Islamic media in the late 70s-90s tended to be provocative, brave, straightforward and resolute in raising issues and themes that were sensitive and offensive to ethnicity, religion, race and interfaith (SARA) and dared to carry ideology, exclusivist and fanaticism that strong against Islam, even though at that time media freedom was very limited. After the 90s the media became free in handling and publishing. Unfortunately this condition is not exploited by Wasatiyah Islamic Media. This media tends to sink due to competition in the media business. The decline of wasatiyah Islamic Media was due to imperfect management. The obstacles in presenting news that are fast, easy and inexpensive require good management. Another challenge is how to provide intelligent reading that follows the development of increasingly intelligent humans and provides a binding and enlightening impression. As a result of the deterioration of management, other Islamic media have the opportunity to spread the news of hate speech and hoaxes. To this problem we use the Thematic Interpretation Method of the Qur'an to provide concepts and descriptions of the Qur'an based Wasatiyah media. The results of this study stated that Wasatiyah Islamic Media must understand the Counter-Radical Narrative Narratives spread by other media. So in providing comments and information must be based on Islam Rahmatan lil alamin. Wasatiyah Islamic Media Must understand the weaknesses of the radical media editors. Wasatiyah Islamic media must play a role and provide moderation for religious and Islamic thought in line with the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Editor of the Wasatiyah Islamic Media must depict editors who are more humane, polite, not hard, without coercion, full of tenderness and voluntarily. The results of this study have an impact on the unity and sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Kontekstualisasi Hadis ‘Berkata Baik Atau Diam’ Sebagai Larangan Hate Speech di Media Sosial:

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Sri Hariyati Lestari ◽  
Muhammad Alwi HS
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Double Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

This article aims to contextualize the hadith of Al-Bukhari's transmission number 5.559 about 'speaking the good or remain silent' through the Double Movement theory from Fazlu Rahman, which will then become the basis for a ban on the phenomenon of hate speech on social media. This departs from the reality of hate speech that is increasingly rampant, even though the act has been banned in the Circular Chief of Police number SE / 06 / X / 2005. After analyzing and analyzing the history of Al-Bukhari number 5559, this article concludes that the hadith is a response to the bad behavior experienced by Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Salam from his neighbor, one of which is mentioned in the hadith is not saying good, as an antonym of the word saying good. Behavior of not saying good here is also in line with the phenomenon of hate speech, especially entering the media era. The moral ideal of this tradition is as a command to say good, if it is unable or unwilling, it is better to be quiet, rather than doing hate speech. As for the threat of hate speech,, as the moral ideal of the hadith here, is not included as those who believe because they are not good or silent, but instead do hate speech.

scholarly journals Review Of Islamic Law To The Use Of Article 28 Subsection 2 About Speech Hatred And Defamation (UU Number 19 AT 2016 Amendments to UU Number 11 at 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-368
Author(s):  
Arbanur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Many

Hate Speech  has recently become a warm conversation, not only in the media, but has begun to be discussed in scientific forums as a result of the many characters who are ensnared by hate speech due to making uploads in Social Media that is considered insulting to other people or state institutions by making a statement containing elements of hate speech in accordance with the criminal threat in Article 28 paragraph 2 of Law number 19 of 2016 amendment to law number 11 of 2008. Long before the law talks about hate speech, Islam through the Qur'an speaks a lot about how God denounces the actions of people who insult, berate, speak ill of others and make hoaxes, and Allah threatens sin for those who do it . Even in the history of Islam through the Prophet Muhammad had given a caning to people who make hoaxes, and the sentence in the Islamic criminal law is called Ta'zir, thus Islam is very careful and highly respects the human rights of a person including in protecting the soul and someone's honor

scholarly journals Defining Online Hating and Online Haters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Malecki ◽  
Marta Kowal ◽  
Małgorzata Dobrowolska ◽  
Piotr Sorokowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

According to a view widely held in the media and in public discourse more generally, online hating is a social problem on a global scale. However, thus far there has been little scientific literature on the subject, and, to our best knowledge, there is even no established scholarly definition of online hating and online haters in the first place. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a new perspective on online hating by, first, distinguishing online hating from the phenomena it is often confused with, such as trolling, cyberstalking, and online hate speech, and, second, by proposing an operational definition of online hating and online haters based on ethnographic interviews and surveys of the existing scholarly literature.

scholarly journals Ketika Demokrasi Menjadi Ancaman?: Kasus Jerinx dan Refleksi Kritis Bagi Pelaksanaan Demokrasi di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Fatih Abdulbari
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The most important and fundamental value in democracy is freedom of expression. This freedom is considered a part of human rights and is the most important feature of democracy. In the times, on the one hand, the media to speak out is increasingly numerous and varied, but on the other hand there is a dilemma where this freedom is actually used to sow and spread false information or conspiracy theories without evidence. In addition, the concept of freedom of opinion has not developed much following the latest developments, so this concept is increasingly abstract because there are no clear boundaries for freedom of expression. In Indonesia, the emergence of the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) is actually used as a threat to criminalize individuals whose opinions are considered to be disturbing and attack others.  The Jerinx case is a very interesting case study of how freedom of opinion has actually created a counterfactual narrative. He was convicted in 2020 for making hate speech on his social media accounts. The ITE Law which allows arrests for expressing opinions is problematic because it clearly contradicts the main principle of democracy, namely freedom of expression. This research will critically examine the Jerinx case from the perspective of democratic values to see and analyze how the right to speak and have an opinion in Indonesia. The extent to which freedom of opinion is actually facilitated is considered not to violate the rights of others, and the extent to which the democratic climate has a place in Indonesia.

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