Still errors after all those years ...

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominiek Sandra ◽  
Steven Frisson ◽  
Frans Daems
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Learning Stage ◽  
Target Form ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Error Risk ◽  
Final Letter

We review some of our research findings on verb spelling errors in Dutch. The spelling of Dutch regularly inflected verb forms is governed by rules of the simple concatenative type (stem + suffix). The spelling of a subset of these verb forms is determined by morpheme-based analogy, both at the level of the stem-final letter and at the level of the inaudible (i.e., silent) suffix. This subset of verb forms causes many spelling problems, both in the learning stage and in the spelling process of experienced spellers. Our research identifies two sources of these errors. First, the error risk results from the time-consuming nature of the cognitive operations needed for spelling the silent suffix. Second, the errors follow a particular pattern: the typical error is a homophonic verb spelling form which has a higher frequency of occurrence in the Dutch written language than the target form. This homophone frequency effect shows that regularly inflected verb forms with silent suffixes have their own orthographic representation in the mental lexicon, even though they are fully predictable by rule.

scholarly journals The readability of scientific texts is decreasing over time

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Plavén-Sigray ◽  
Granville James Matheson ◽  
Björn Christian Schiffler ◽  
William Hedley Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Biomedical Journals ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTClarity and accuracy of reporting are fundamental to the scientific process. The understandability of written language can be estimated using readability formulae. Here, in a corpus consisting of 707 452 scientific abstracts published between 1881 and 2015 from 122 influential biomedical journals, we show that the readability of science is steadily decreasing. Further, we demonstrate that this trend is indicative of a growing usage of general scientific jargon. These results are concerning for scientists and for the wider public, as they impact both the reproducibility and accessibility of research findings.

scholarly journals A Corpus-based Study of Japanese Verb Paradigms (Preliminary results)

10.29007/tvck ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Novoselova ◽  
Alexander Kostyrkin
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Language Description

The Japanese language has a great variety of verb inflectional suffixes (auxiliaries), each having conjugation of their own. In this paper we propose a corpus-based approach to studying Japanese verb paradigms. Such an approach benefits from identifying possible verb forms on big data of written language. Description of methods and tools used for building databases of verbs and auxiliaries and for parsing verb 7-grams from a Japanese N-gram Corpus is presented.

scholarly journals Program Kemandirian Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Muslimin Muslimin ◽  
Syafik Ubaidila
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Teacher Creativity ◽  
Class Management ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Natural Settings

This type of research is descriptive qualitative. According to Kirt and Miller in his book Lexy J. Moleong, "Qualitative research is that researchers have studied the phenomena studied by natural settings. Therefore, the data raised in the form of description with words, both oral and written language. While the data collection method uses observation, interviews / interviews and documentation. Then analyzed using descriptive / data exposure. From the results of data exposure, research findings and discussion can be seen that: {1} the increase in teacher independence in MI Al Munir Gadungan Village is seen in several activities, namely [a] through preparation of learning by preparing RPP in accordance with applicable SK and KD, [b] increase teacher creativity in developing learning strategies. [c] teacher creativity in choosing and using learning methods ,. [d] The creativity of the teacher in selecting and using learning media is very important to do, [e] the creativity of the teacher in class management. Classroom management with preventive and curative techniques, [f] teacher creativity in assessment; and [g] teacher creativity in improvement and enrichment programs. {2} The factors that support and hinder the teacher's personality improvement program.   [Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif diskriptif. Menurut Kirt dan Miller dalam bukunya Lexy J. Moleong, “penelitian kualitiatif adalah udaha peneliti mendalami fenomena yang diteliti dengan seting natural. Karena itu, data yang dimunculkan berupa diskripsi dengan kata, bahasa baik lisan maupun tulisan. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara/ interview dan dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif / paparan data. Dari hasil paparan data, temuan penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa:  {1} peningkatan kemandirian guru di MI Al Munir Desa Gadungan terlihat dalam beberapa kegaitan yaitu [a] melalui persiapan permbelajaran dengan penyusunan RPP sesuai dengan SK dan KD yang berlaku, [b] meningkatkan kreativitas guru dalam mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran. [c] kreativitas guru dalam memilih dan menggunakan metode pembelajaran,. [d] Kreativitas guru dalam memilih dan menggunakan media pembelajaran sangat penting untuk dilakukan, [e] kreativitas guru dalam pengelolaan kelas. Pengelolaan kelas dengan teknik preventif dan kuratif, [f] kreativitas guru dalam penilaian; dan [g] kreatifitas guru dalam program perbaikan dan pengayaan. {2} Faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat program peningkatan kepribadian guru]

The Dutch verb-spelling paradox in social media

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijn Schmitz ◽  
Robert Chamalaun ◽  
Mirjam Ernestus
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Clear Preference ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms

Abstract Although the Dutch verb spelling system seems very straightforward, many spelling errors are made, both by children and adults (e.g., Sandra, Frisson, & Daems 2004). These errors mainly occur with verbs with two or more homophonous forms in their inflectional paradigms. Ample experimental research has been carried out on this topic, but these studies hardly reflect everyday language behavior. In the current corpus study, we reassessed previously found experimental results, but now in a Twitter corpus containing 17,432 tweets with homophonous verb forms. In accordance with previous results, we found a clear preference for the suffix -<d> compared to both -<dt> and -<t> , as well as a frequency effect, resulting in fewer errors for more frequent word forms. Furthermore, the results revealed that users with more followers make fewer errors, and that more errors are made during the evening and night.

RESEARCH UTILIZATION IN THE DESIGN DECISION MAKING PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Huber
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cross Tabulation

This article summarizes findings from a national survey of interior design practitioners in the United States (N=366).  The study explored interior design practitioners' current preferences for conducting project research including: activities conducted and sources used, attraction to and recall from sources, and ideas for communicating research findings. Responses suggest that interior designers do value research, yet have little time to utilize research. While cross-tabulation analyses indicate no major differences in research activities between the study’s demographic groups, collectively, only 12% of the sample indicated they utilized academic journals and, at times, even incorrectly identified those sources. Open-ended responses allowed designers to offer ideas for communicating research and four key themes emerged, including: topic selection and relevancy, ideas for new dissemination methods, ideas for presentation style, and perceptions of the written language used.  It is hoped that this study’s findings may help design researchers better communicate their own findings to design practitioners.

Darbības vārdu raksturojums Miķeļa Bukša gramatikā latgaliešu rakstu valodas kontekstā

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
Anna Vulāne
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Verb Conjugation ◽  
Morphological System

The Latgalian written language, based on Latgalian vernaculars of the High Latvian dialect, began to develop at the start of the 18th century in Latgale. Many sacred and secular works, press publications, teaching aids, and several texts for grammar norms and spelling were published. Only when the print prohibition was lifted at the beginning of the 20th century, the intellectuals of Latgale could focus on the preparation of Latgalian written grammar and the development of orthographic norms. The purpose of this article is to characterise the morphological system of the verb detailed in Miķelis Bukšs’ „The Grammar of Latgalian Language” in the context of the Latgalian written language by evaluating the usability of the material for the development of morphology in part 2 of the „Atlas of Latvian Dialects”. The work was published during exile in 1973, where refuge was taken not only by multiple Latgalian culture workers but also by the Latgalian language itself, as it was once again banned in Latvia in the second half of the 20th century. The Grammar consists of 9 chapters. The verb is mentioned in multiple chapters, with a significantly wider description of the verb conjugation and conjugatable participle system provided. The overview of the system largely corresponds to the description of verbs in Latgalian written language grammar. The author has used a few variants of subdialects, mainly from his native North Latgale. However, it is evident that the author had limited factual information about dialects, therefore, the work contains multiple disputed claims about the prevalence of certain language phenomena. It can be concluded that, although this work has made an important contribution to the development of Latgalian written language and theoretical description of its constituent parts as well as to the development of linguistic terminology, it contains a limited amount of linguistic information that can be used to describe verb forms in the morphological section of the atlas.

The dual role of homophone dominance. Why homophone intrusions on regular verb forms so often go unnoticed

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Verhaert ◽  
Ellen Danckaert ◽  
Dominiek Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Computational Process ◽  
Target Form ◽  
Grammatical Awareness ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Spelling Rule ◽  
Regular Verb

We investigated whether the effect of Homophone Dominance that has been reported for spelling errors on Dutch verb homophones (Sandra, Frisson, & Daems, 1999) also occurs in perception. This effect was indeed observed: participants in a proofreading experiment overlooked more homophone intrusions when the intruder was more dominant than the target form, irrespective of the inflectional ending. Participant groups whose grammatical awareness was better developed made fewer errors but also showed the effect of Homophone Dominance. The findings are explained in terms of a Computational and Similarity-Based Race model, in which a conscious and slow computational process in working memory, implementing the spelling rule, competes with an automatic and fast, frequency-sensitive process of lexical access. The presence of the effect in both spelling and reading explains why these errors on descriptively simple verb forms in Dutch are so persistent.

scholarly journals Requirements and needs for captioning audio-visual content for deaf and hard of hearing pupils

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Vesna Radovanović ◽  
Jasmina Kovačević ◽  
Ivana Ristić
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Deaf Education ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Caption technology for deaf and hard of hearing translates the same spoken language into written language, including not only a textual recording of speech but also a description of background sounds. The literature states that the effects of captioned audio-visual content are conditioned by the level and speed of reading and that the understanding of the captioned material depends on the complexity of the text as well. The central question regarding captioning for deaf and hard of hearing is whether to literally translate audio recordings or to adapt them. While the deaf prefer the first option, research findings show that comprehension is greater if the text is simplified. The aim of the research was to determine the contribution of captioning to the understanding of audio-visual content among deaf and hard of hearing pupils of different levels of education by reviewing recent literature in this field. Papers related to the contribution of captioning to the understanding of content in deaf and hard of hearing pupils were primarily searched through the Google Scholar database in order to narrow the research to journals with the largest number of papers on this topic: American Annals of Deaf, Brain Sciences, Deafness & Educational International, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, Philosophy and Practice, The Journal of Specialized Translation Library. Ten papers that met the selection criteria were analyzed, with the largest number of papers focusing on primary school pupils. A statistically significant advantage in understanding captions with custom translation was found in one analyzed study, while the results of the other authors were statistically significant only in the domain of vocabulary, in the effects of captions vs. audio-visual content and in the effects of captions vs. sign language translation. The use of captioned material in the implementation of curriculum of many school subjects would provide important information that could improve the quality of teaching for deaf and hard of hearing pupils whether they attend inclusive or residential schools.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cavity PD Characteristics’ Sensitivity to Changes in the Supply Voltage Frequency

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Tapiwa Venge ◽  
Cuthbert Nyamupangedengu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Cavity Surface ◽  
Discharge Mechanism ◽  
Charge Decay ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Voltage Frequency ◽  
Statistical Time

The supply voltage frequency effect on partial discharge (PD) phenomena has continued to draw research interest. Although most high voltage equipment operates at power frequency (50/60 Hz), testing is often done at different frequencies for various reasons. Despite some agreements and inconsistencies for the research findings of PD activity’s frequency dependence, there has been consensus on the recognition of the discharge mechanism parameters that influence how the supply voltage frequency affects PD activity. These parameters include statistical time lag, discharge area surface conductivity, and the residual charge decay. In this paper, a 3-capacitor model (ABC) is used to simulate how the changes in the discharge mechanism parameters influence PD characteristics as a function of the supply voltage frequency. The findings are that the phase-resolved partial discharge pattern (PRPDP) and PD repetition rate (PDRR) characteristics are more sensitive to variations in the probability of the seed electron availability at higher frequencies of the supply voltage. The opposite trend is observed for the cavity surface resistance. At lower resistance of cavity surface, the PRPDP and PDRR characteristics are more sensitive to changes in the supply voltage frequency than at higher resistances. The paper also confirms that incorporating equivalent resistances in the ABC model makes it more authentic than the model comprising of capacitors only.

On Mining Words: The Utility of Topic Models in Health Education Research and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312
Author(s):  
Danny Valdez ◽  
Andrew C. Picket ◽  
Belinda-Rose Young ◽  
Shelley Golden
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Topic Models ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Moment

Written language is the primary means by which scientific research findings are disseminated. Yet in the era of information overload, dissemination of a field of research may require additional efforts given the sheer volume of material available on any specific topic. Topic models are unsupervised natural language processing methods that analyze nonnumeric data (i.e., text data) in abundance. These tools aggregate, and make sense of, those data making them interpretable to interested audiences. In this perspective piece, we briefly describe topic models, including their purpose, function, and applicability for health education researchers and practitioners. We note how topic models can be applied in several contexts, including social media–based analyses, and mapping trends in scientific literature over time. As a tool for studying words, and patterns of words, topic models stand to improve our understanding of events prior and those occurring in the moment and help us look ahead into the future.

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