scholarly journals Nutritional effects of autoxidized fats in animal diets

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lea ◽  
L. J. Parr ◽  
J. L. L'estrange ◽  
K. J. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anchovy Oil

1. Turkey poults were fed from day-old to 6 weeks on a practical-type diet containing 10 % white fish meal (supplying 0.7 % lipid) and other constituents, mainly cereals (supplying 3.3 % lipid), together with either 1.5 % of anchovy oil that had been allowed to autoxidize under various conditions or 1.5 % of fresh beef fat.2. For group I the whole diet with anchovy oil was stored in air at 15° for 3 months before feeding. Its lipid oxidized only slowly, with no appreciable rise in peroxide value and little destruction of its polyunsaturated fatty acids. For groups 2 and 3 the anchovy oil was mixed with the white fish meal, and the mixture was stored for 3 months, by which time most of its polyunsaturated fatty acids had been destroyed by autoxidation and the pv of the extractable lipid, after reaching a peak of 260 μmoles/g, had fallen again to 110. At this point the anchovy oil-fish meal premixture was further mixed with the basal diet and used, either immediately (group 2) or after 3 months' further storage (group 3). 3. The turkeys in all three groups receiving ‘fish oil’ remained healthy and grew well, with only slightly apparent (and not significantly) lower weight gains than those on the control diet. There was no significant treatment effect on liver weight, serum aspartate amino-transferase or serum alanine aminotransferase activity. All the birds stored vitamin A in their livers, though the diets had provided not more than adequate supplies of this vitamin, but the reserves accumulated were significantly lower when the diets contained oxidized fat. On roasting, the turkeys of group 1 had a definite and objectionable fishy flavour, whereas those of groups 2 and 3 were as palatable as the controls on the beef fat diet.

Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel as a dietary additive on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangjing Liu ◽  
He Ding ◽  
Khas Erdene ◽  
Renwei Chen ◽  
Qier Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Meat Flavor

Sixty male Small-tailed Han sheep (initial body weight: 42.5 ± 4.1 kg) were assigned randomly and averagely into four groups to evaluate effects of flavonoids extracted from Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) on meat quality and composition of fatty acids related to flavor in longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs. Lambs of four groups were fed a basal control diet (C), and basal diet + three different amounts of flavonoids extracted from the AMR; those were 11 mg kg−1 (Flav 11), 22 mg kg−1 (Flav 22), or 33 mg kg−1 (Flav 33), respectively. Dressing percentage, loin eye area, cooking loss, and pressing loss were affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Percentage of intramuscular fat, the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid, C18:0, total saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid, and 4-methyloctanoic acid in longissimus dorsi muscle were changed by treatments (P < 0.05). Addition of AMR to diet improved the meat quality and had favorable effects on fatty acid composition related to meat flavor in longissimus dorsi muscle.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 in the diet on growth of broilers and on the quality and fatty acid composition of broiler meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Xubiao Wei ◽  
Xiudong Liao ◽  
Jun Cai ◽  
Zhaojun Zheng ◽  
Lulu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Meat

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LFB112 in the diet on growth of broilers and on the quality and fatty acid composition of broiler meat. 440 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments with eight replicates in a completely randomised design for 42 days. The treatments were as follows: basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 107 colony-forming units (CFU) B. amyloliquefaciens/kg (B7), 108 CFU B. amyloliquefaciens/kg (B8), 109 CFU B. amyloliquefaciens/kg (B9) or 40 mg aureomycin/kg (antibiotic). The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens-supplemented groups had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain during Days 1 to 21, Days 22 to 42 and Days 1 to 42, and improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion rate during Days 1 to 42 compared with the control. Broilers in the B7 and B9 groups had higher (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake than those in the control group in all experimental phases. Broilers fed either B. amyloliquefaciens or antibiotic diet showed higher (P < 0.05) a* value, b* value and lower L* value in the breast muscle than those in the control group. Dietary B. amyloliquefaciens supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the contents of C14:1, C16:1c, C18:1t, C18:1c, C20:1n-9, total monounsaturated fatty acids, C18:2c, C18:3n-3, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and total polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in breast muscle and the concentrations of C17:1, C20:1n-9, C18:2t-9, t-12, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in thigh muscle of broilers. The results indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens improved broilers’ growth performance, meat quality and fatty acid composition.

Composition and textural properties of Mozzarella cheese naturally-enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Caroprese ◽  
Agostino Sevi ◽  
Rosaria Marino ◽  
Antonella Santillo ◽  
Alessandra Tateo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mozzarella Cheese ◽  
Bulk Milk

The effects of adding flaxseed or fish oil to the diet of dairy cows on the chemical and physical profile of Mozzarella cheese production were studied. The experiment involved 24 Friesian cows, divided into 3 groups accordingly fat supplementation: basal diet (CT), diet supplemented with flaxseed (FS) or fish oil (FO). Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured from bulk milk of each group. Bulk milk was analysed for chemical composition and renneting parameters. Mozzarella cheeses were analysed for chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and textural properties. Results suggest that Mozzarella cheese from cows receiving flaxseed supplementation showed a decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFA), an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared with control Mozzarella cheese. The increased dietary intake of C18:3 in flaxseed supplemented cows resulted in increased levels of trans-11 C18:1, and of CLA cis-9 trans-11 C18:2, and in low Atherogenic and Trombogenic Indexes. FO Mozzarella cheese showed compositional and textural properties quite similar to CT Mozzarella cheese; however, increased levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in FO Mozzarella were found.

scholarly journals Impact of the partial replacement of fish meal with a chloroplast rich fraction on the growth and selected nutrient profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Gedi ◽  
Kieran J. Magee ◽  
Randa Darwish ◽  
Patchaniya Eakpetch ◽  
Iain Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Increasing global aquaculture production, is putting pressure on fishmeal and fish oil supply. There is therefore a growing search for more sustainable sources of proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids as fish feed ingredients.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of dietary supplementations with sodium butyrate, medium-chain fatty acids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of suckling piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4256-4267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchao Chen ◽  
Qingqing Xu ◽  
Yunxia Li ◽  
Zhiru Tang ◽  
Weizhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Suckling Piglets

Abstract This study was conducted to compare the effects of adding sodium butyrate (SB), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) to the diet of sows during late gestation and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance and intestinal health of suckling piglets. Twenty-four sows (Landrace × Large-White hybrid; third parity; 200 ± 15 kg) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 diets: basal diet (control group), basal diet + 1 g SB/kg (SB group), basal diet + 7.75 g MCFA/kg (MCFA group), or basal diet + 68.2 g n-3 PUFA/kg (n-3 PUFA group). The experiment began on day 85 of gestation and ended day 22 of lactation. Colostrum samples were collected from each sow. After the experiment, blood and tissue samples were collected from 1 randomly selected piglet. The results showed that the weaning-to-estrus interval of sows in the SB, MCFA, and n-3 PUFA groups was shorter than that of sows in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of diarrhea in suckling piglets in the SB, MCFA, and n-3 PUFA groups was lower than that of piglets in the control group (P < 0.05). The fat, protein, IgA, IgG, and IgM concentration in colostrum from sows increased following dietary supplementation with SB, MCFA, or n-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). Comparison with the control group, the mRNA expression of claudin-1, zona occludens 1, and interleukin-10 increased in the jejunum mucosa of suckling piglets in the SB, MCFA, and n-3 PUFA groups, while that of TLR4 decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the Chao1 and ACE indexes of microbial flora in the colon contents of piglets in the SB, MCFA, and MCFA groups increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Synergistetes decreased at the phylum level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, during late pregnancy and lactation, dietary SB supplementation had a greater effect on intestinal health and caused a greater decrease in preweaning mortality of suckling piglets than did dietary MCFA or n-3 PUFA supplementation; dietary MCFA supplementation shortened the weaning-to-estrus interval of sows to a greater extent than did dietary SB or n-3 PUFA supplementation; and dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation increased the fat and protein content in the colostrum to the greatest extent.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve host response in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. L1422-L1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Pierre ◽  
Marie-Odile Husson ◽  
Rozenn Le Berre ◽  
Jean-Luc Desseyn ◽  
Claude Galabert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Cellular Recruitment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacilli frequently encountered in human pathology. This pathogen is involved in a large number of nosocomial infections and chronic diseases. Herein we investigated the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. C57BL/6 mice were fed for 5 wk with specifically designed diets with high contents in either omega-3 (ω-3) or ω-6 PUFA and compared to a control diet. P. aeruginosa included in agarose beads was then instilled intratracheally, and the animals were studied for 7 days. On the 4th day, the mice fed with the ω-3 diet had a higher lean body mass gain and a lower ω-6:ω-3 ratio of fatty acids extracted from the lung tissue compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05). The ω-3 group had the lowest mortality. Distal alveolar fluid clearance (DAFC) as well as the inflammatory response and the cellular recruitment were higher in the ω-3 group on the 4th day. The effect on DAFC was independent of α-epithelial Na+ channels (α-ENaC), β-ENaC, and α1-Na-K-ATPase mRNA expressions, which were not altered by the different diets. In conclusion, a diet enriched in ω-3 PUFA can change lung membrane composition and improve survival in chronic pneumonia. This effect on survival is probably multifactorial involving the increased DAFC capacity as well as the optimization of the initial inflammatory response. This work suggests that a better control of the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA balance may represent an interesting target in the prevention and/or control of P. aeruginosa infection in patients.

Effects of dietary fatty acids on lipogenesis and lipid traits in muscle, adipose tissue and liver of growing rabbits

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gondret ◽  
J. Mourot ◽  
F. Lebas ◽  
M. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Perirenal Fat

AbstractThe effects of fat source on lipogenesis and lipid traits of longissimus muscle, liver and perirenal adipose tissue, were studied in 48 New Zealand White rabbits, slaughtered at 11 or 15 weeks of age. Rabbits were offered diets with 20 g added fat per kg, containing either medium-chain (COC: coconut oil), saturated and monounsaturated (PAL: palm oil) or polyunsaturated (SUN: sunflower oil) fatty acids as major components. Diets did not affect growth performance, dressing proportion and tissue weights. Intramuscular lipid content was lower for COC than for SUN and PAL (e.g. 10 v. 13 and 12 glkg, at 11 weeks, respectively, P < 0·05), whereas lipid content was unaffected by diet in liver and perirenal fat. In muscle, the fat source did not influence the activities of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (CBX), malic enzyme (ME) and glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase (G6PDH). In liver, activities ofGSPDH and ME were depressed from the SUN diet, as compared with the COC or PAL diets. The diet-induced variations in enzyme activities in perirenal fat were lower than in the liver and were not significant. Medium-chain fatty acids were found only in tissue lipids of animals given COC. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids decreased in the order SUN > PAL > COC in muscle and perirenal fat. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids exert an inhibition of G6PDH and ME activities specifically in liver. Compared with COC, the addition of SUN to the basal diet increased total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the longissimus lumborum muscle, which might improve the organoleptic and dietetic qualities of rabbit meat.

The effect on nitrogen retention in lambs of feeding protein supplements direct to the abomasum. Comparisonof liquid and dry feeding and of various sources of protein

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SummaryThree experiments were conducted to investigate the influence on nitrogen retention of feeding protein supplements to early weaned lambs direct to the abomasum via the oesophageal groove. In Exp. 1 the lambs received a basal diet of barley and a protein mixture consisting of soyabean meal, sunflower meal and fish meal which was given either in a liquid suspension from a bottle or as dry feed incorporated with the barley. The results showed that the regression coefficients of nitrogen retention on intake were 0.48 and 0.33 with liquid and dry feeding respectively. The regressions of urinary nitrogen on intake were with liquid and dry feeding respectively 0.26 and 0.44.In Exp. 2, various sources of protein were compared isonitrogenously as substitute for part of a barley concentrate ration. The nitrogen intakes and retentions were 14·28 and 5·09, 20·16 and 9·39, 20·53 and 8·19, 19·00 and 7·80, and 18·87 and 7·86 g/day for the control diet and fish meal, yeast, soyabean meal and sunflower meal supplemented diets respectively.In Exp. 3 the fish meal supplement was compared with a high lysine, bloodmeal and with casein as liquid supplements to a basal diet of barley concentrate. The intake and retention of nitrogen were for bloodmeal, casein and fish meal respectively 23·41 and 7·48, 22·56 and 9·11, and 21·88 and 8·31 g/day. It appeared that the protein sources high in methionine resulted in the highest nitrogen retention. The implications of these findings in relation to the nutrition of young ruminants is discussed together with an evaluation of the experimental method as a technique to study postruminal digestion.

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