scholarly journals The effect of feeding on the motility of the stomach and small intestine in the pig

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ruckebusch ◽  
L. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Motility Pattern ◽  
Continuous Activity ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Spike Bursts ◽  
Food Consumed

1. Electromyographical studies were made on the motility of the stomach and small intestine of five pigs when given a standard diet eitherad lib., or as one or two meals/d. Recordings were made from electrodes placed chronically on the antrum, the duodenum and the jejuno-ileum, and a continuous 24 h recording was made every 2 d for a period of 4 weeks. A simple ‘T’-shaped cannula was positioned in the proximal duodenum in two of the pigs.2. The basic pattern of activity of the small intestine was grouped in phases of irregular and regular activity characteristic of the myoelectric complex. This pattern recurred about eighteen times/d in fasting pigs, or in animals fedad lib.and so eating frequent but small meals. When a myoelectric complex on the duodenum reached its regular ‘spiking’ phase, antral activity and passage of digesta ceased completely for a period (5–15 min) which varied according to the time elasped since the last meal.3. In animals receiving one meal/d a postprandial pattern of activity lasted about 6 h. The proximal part of the intestine showed continuous activity with vigorous isolated or peristaltic spike bursts. The average number of myoelectric complexes was thirteen/d. When receiving two meals/d the postprandial pattern lasted for only 2–3 h, and approximately sixteen myoelectric complexes/d were recorded.4. It is concluded that the extent of disruption of the basic intestinal motility pattern depends on the amount of food consumed per meal and subsequent release of nutrients.

Intraluminal lipids modulate avian gastrointestinal motility

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. R445-R452 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Martinez ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
E. Gonalons ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Speed Of Propagation ◽  
Spike Bursts

Infusion of lipids into the ileum delays gastric emptying and intestinal transit time in some species. The aim of this study was to characterize the actions of intraluminal lipid infusion on gastrointestinal electrical activity in chickens. Animals were prepared for electromyography with chronic electrodes in stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. Two catheters were chronically placed in the esophagus and ileum to infuse equimolar doses of either oleic acid (OA) or triolein (TO). Both OA and TO, esophageally infused, inhibited the frequency of the gastroduodenal cycle and increased the frequency of antiperistaltic spike bursts in the duodenum. Ileal infusion of OA, but not of TO, produced the same effects. Both esophageal and ileal OA infusion increased the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and decreased the speed of propagation of phase III. In conclusion, intraluminal infusion of lipids modulates gastrointestinal motility by decreasing the frequency of the gastric cycle, increasing duodenogastric refluxes, and elongating the MMC. These actions could delay gastric emptying and increase transit time, which suggests the presence of an "ileal brake" mechanism similar to that described in mammals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Intestinal Motility in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Sato ◽  
Takahiro Kudo ◽  
Nobuyasu Arai ◽  
Reiko Kyodo ◽  
Kenji Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background: The correlation between small intestinal motility alteration and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well evaluated. Aims: To assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an IBS rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the IBS pathophysiology.Methods: Restraint stress was utilized to make adolescent IBS rat models that were evaluated for clinical symptoms, including stool frequency and diarrhea. The small intestinal motility and transit rate were also evaluated. The amounts of mRNA encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cell, and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor 3a were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the 5-HT expression was evaluated using immunostaining.Results: Restraint stress significantly increased the number of fecal pellet outputs, stool water content, and small intestinal motility in the IBS rat models. There was no difference in real-time PCR results, but immunostaining analysis revealed that 5-HT expression in the small intestine was significantly increased in the IBS rat models.Conclusions: In the adolescent rat model of IBS with restraint stress, we observed an increase in small intestinal and colonic motility. In the small intestine, enhanced 5-HT secretion in the distal portion may be involved in increasing the small intestinal motility.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Nanna Byrgesen ◽  
Johannes Gulmann Madsen ◽  
Christina Larsen ◽  
Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen ◽  
Malene Skovsted Cilieborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dietary treatments (liquid creep feed (LCF) and dry creep feed (DCF)) offered during the suckling period on feed disappearance, number of eaters, and intestinal enzymatic development at weaning in an on-farm study with 347 piglets. Piglets were allocated to either the DCF or LCF treatment from day 10 to day 24 postpartum for 9 h a day. Red ferric oxide (1%) was added to the diet to categorize piglets into eating categories (good eaters, moderate eaters, or non-eaters) via faecal swabs. At weaning, 40 piglets were sampled for intestinal enzymatic development. The LCF treatment increased the dry matter disappearance from day 10–18 (p < 0.001). The percentage of good eaters, moderate eaters and non-eaters did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The DCF pigs displayed greater average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning (p = 0.024), and a greater body weight (BW) at day 61 (p < 0.001). The activity of lactase, maltase and sucrase in the proximal part of the small intestine were greatest (p < 0.001) in the DCF pigs.

Stimulation of duodenal motility by hyperosmolar mannitol depends on local osmoreceptor control

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. G940-G943 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Lin ◽  
J. D. Elashoff ◽  
G. M. Kwok ◽  
Y. G. Gu ◽  
J. H. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Duodenal Motility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intestinal Distension ◽  
Osmotic Equilibration ◽  
Spike Bursts ◽  
Stimulation Of

Duodenal motility is stimulated by hyperosmolar solution. Since intestinal distension also stimulates intestinal motility, this increase in the motility response may be due to either stimulation of duodenal local osmoreceptor control or intestinal distension resulting from osmotic equilibration. To test which mechanism is primarily responsible for this osmotically sensitive effect, we compared the number of duodenal spike bursts in five dogs equipped with duodenal fistulas that allowed for the preservation or removal of intestinal distension. The response to 300 vs. 1,200 mosM mannitol was compared under three experimental perfusion methods: 1) distension was preserved both proximal and distal to the fistula (DD); 2) distension proximal to the fistula was removed (rD); and 3) distension both proximal and distal to the fistula was removed (rr). The test solutions had access to either the whole gut (DD and rD) or only the first 10 cm of the duodenum (rr). We found that 1) there were more spike bursts after the hyperosmolar solution (dose effect, P < 0.05, analysis of variance); 2) there was no significant difference between the three experimental methods; and 3) the stimulating effect of hyperosmolar solution depended on the first 10 cm of the duodenum. Thus, since hyperosmolar solution increased duodenal motility regardless of whether intestinal distension was preserved or removed, the stimulating effect of hyperosmolar solution on duodenal motility was primarily the result of a local osmoreceptor control mechanism located in the first 10 cm of the duodenum.

Influence of substance P on myoelectric activity of the small bowel

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (6) ◽  
pp. G493-G496 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Thor ◽  
R. Sendur ◽  
S. J. Konturek
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Motility Pattern ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Silver Electrodes ◽  
Higher Doses

The effects of substance P (SP) on intestinal myoelectric activity were examined in conscious dogs with implanted silver electrodes on the small doses (0.25-1.0 nmol . kg-1 . h-1) raised the frequency of interdigestive myoelectric complexes and also increased preburst activity, mostly in the upper small bowel. The ileum was relatively less sensitive to the stimulatory action of sp. At higher doses (2.04.0 nmol . kg-1 . h-1) SP caused a fedlike motility pattern. In the doses used SP did not change the foodinduced motility pattern. The effects of SP on myoelectric activity were blocked by atropine or pirenzepine. We conclude that SP was participate in neurally mediated changes in intestinal motility.

scholarly journals Pre-weaning adaptation responses in piglets fed milk replacer with gradually increasing amounts of wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Charlotte Amdi ◽  
Marie Louise M. Pedersen ◽  
Joanna Klaaborg ◽  
Laura J. Myhill ◽  
Maiken N. Engelsmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Pure Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Abstract Hyperprolific sows rear more piglets than they have teats, and to accommodate this, milk replacers are often offered as a supplement. Milk replacers are based on bovine milk, yet components of vegetable origin are often added. This may reduce growth, but could also accelerate maturational changes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of feeding piglets a milk replacer with gradually increasing levels of wheat flour on growth, gut enzyme activity and immune function compared with a diet based entirely on bovine milk. The hypothesis tested was that adding a starch component (wheat flour) induces maturation of the mucosa as measured by higher digestive activity and improved integrity and immunity of the small intestines (SI). To test this hypothesis, piglets were removed from the sow at day 3 and fed either a pure milk replacer diet (MILK) or from day 11 a milk replacer diet with increasing levels of wheat (WHEAT). The WHEAT piglets had an increased enzyme activity of maltase and sucrase in the proximal part of the SI compared with the MILK group. There were no differences in gut morphology, histopathology and gene expression between the groups. In conclusion, the pigs given a milk replacer with added wheat displayed immunological and gut mucosal enzyme maturational changes, indicatory of adaptation towards a vegetable-based diet. This was not associated with any clinical complications, and future studies are needed to show whether this could improve responses in the subsequent weaning process.

Effect of ileal infusion of lipid on jejunal motor patterns after a nutrient and nonnutrient meal

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. G800-G806 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Welch ◽  
P. A. Davison ◽  
J. Worlding ◽  
N. W. Read
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Small Bowel Transit ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Motility Pattern ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
The Mean

To investigate how ileal lipid delays small bowel transit, pressure activity was recorded at multiple sites in the human small intestine during ileal infusion of either lipid or saline. Initial studies showed that ileal lipid reduced the contraction rate in the jejunum but not in the duodenum or ileum. The effect of ileal lipid was further investigated by recording pressures at seven sites in the jejunum after ingestion of either a nutrient or a nonnutrient meal. The nutrient meal induced an irregular motility pattern; ileal lipid significantly reduced the contraction rate, the percentage of contractions involved in propagated events, the mean length of propagation, and the propagation index. The nonnutrient meal induced a pattern containing discrete clusters of contractions. Ileal lipid significantly reduced the occurrence of contraction clusters and the mean length of propagation. Thus, although the delay in small bowel transit observed during ileal infusion of lipid can be explained by reductions in the rate and the degree of propagation of jejunal contractions, the mechanism varies according to the type of meal.

scholarly journals BLEEDING TENDENCY AND PROTHROMBIN DEFICIENCY IN BILIARY FISTULA DOGS: EFFECT OF FEEDING BILE AND VITAMIN K

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Smith ◽  
E. D. Warner ◽  
K. M. Brinkhous ◽  
W. H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Biliary Fistula ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

In biliary fistula dogs the plasma prothrombin falls eventually to low levels and bleeding commonly occurs. Faulty absorption of vitamin K from the intestine in these animals is an important causative factor. Feeding bile permits absorption of the traces of this vitamin normally present in mixed diets, and as a result a slow rise in prothrombin level is observed. If a standard diet is supplemented with large amounts of vitamin K concentrate the prothrombin rise is rapid, provided bile or bile salt is supplied to aid in the absorption. Variations in the rate of prothrombin depletion in biliary fistula dogs kept on constant diet indicate the existence of additional factors which require further study. Our experience indicates that vitamin A and vitamin D supplements do not correct the prothrombin deficiency in biliary fistula animals.

Comparison of methods to measure hierarchies dm group-housed sows and the interaction with feeding regime

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
F Brouns ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
P R English
Keyword(s):  
Standard Diet ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
A Value ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Competition For Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Three Space ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Dominance allows animals priority of access to resources when these are limited. It is common practice to feed dry sows once or twice daily a relatively small amount of food. This can lead to high competition for food, when there are no provisions for individual feeding of group housed sows. In contrast, competition for food should be low when offeredad libitum.This study was designed to investigate the effect of feeding regime on the measurement of hierarchies in group housed dry sows.Four groups of 12 multiparous sows were housed in deep straw pens (3.1 m2/sow). Two groups were offered a high fibre dietad libitumfrom a three-space hopper (LC) and two groups were floor-fed 3 kg/sow of a standard diet once daily (HC). The diet composition is given in Brouns et al (1992).Groups were allocated to treatment after service. After two months on treatment, the dominance of every sow in each pen was determined in a feed competition test between all possible dyads of sows. A more detailed description of this test is given in Brouns et al (1992). The results of this test indicated how many pen mates each sow dominated (DR). This was used to calculate an index of linearity for the hierarchy (Appleby, 1983) giving a value between 0 and 1, where 1 indicates a completely linear hierarchy.

Development of enteropeptidase activity in mouse small intestine: influence of hormones

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Arsenault ◽  
Daniel Ménard
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Old Mice

The postnatal development of enteropeptidase activity has been examined on mucosal scrapping of the proximal part of the mouse small intestine. The activity was present at birth and remained low during the first 15 days of life. Then it rapidly increased reaching adult level within 2 days. Daily administration of cortisone acetate (25 μg∙g body weight (bw)−1∙day−1), insulin (12.5 mU∙g bw−1∙day−1), or epidermal growth factor (4 μg∙g bw−1∙day−1) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a premature increase of enteropeptidase. The maximal increase was observed with cortisone treatment, the enzymic activity representing 70% of the adult level. Thyroxine alone (1 μg∙g bw−1∙day−1) had no significant effect on enteropeptidase activity. Hormonal interactions have been evaluated by studying the effects of different hormonal combinations. Finally, cortisone acetate which has a major effect on this activity during suckling period was unable to influence adult small intestinal enteropeptidase activity.

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