scholarly journals Studies on vitamin D metabolism in malnourished children

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Raghuramulu ◽  
Vinodini Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Massive Dose ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

1. Basal levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) were estimated in ten normal children and twenty-seven children with protein–energy malnutrition.2. Five normal children and fourteen malnourished children were administered a single massive dose of 15 mg vitamin D orally and the remaining children received oral supplements of 50 μg vitamin D daily for 20 d. Blood samples were obtained after 10 and 20 d of dosing and serum 25-OHD levels were repeated.3. The basal serum 25-OHD levels were significantly lower (P < 0·05) in malnourished children than in normal children.4. Administration of a single massive dose of vitamin D as well as daily supplementation of small doses resulted in significant increases in serum 25-OHD levels within 10 d. However, the increase with a massive dose was of a higher magnitude. There was no significant difference between the normal and malnourished children.5. The binding capacity of serum to 25-OHD was similar in both the groups.6. These results suggest that vitamin D metabolism is not altered in protein–energy malnutrition.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Participating and Non-participating Pupils in the Ghana School Feeding Programme

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Danquah ◽  
A. N. Amoah ◽  
M. Steiner-Asiedu ◽  
C. Opare-Obisaw
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Demographic Health Survey ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

The Ghana Demographic Health Survey indicates that the major nutritional challenges in Ghana among school children are protein-energy malnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies. School Feeding Programmes are one of the main interventions addressing malnutrition and its related effects on children’s health and education. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Ghana School Feeding Programme on nutritional status of school children in Atwima-Nwabiagya District of Ashanti Region, Ghana. A total of 234 pupils between 9 and 17 years of age, comprising 114 participants and 120 non-participants from three participating and three non-participating schools, respectively, with similar characteristics, took part in the study. It was hypothesized that the nutritional status of participants was better than that of non-participants. Results did not indicate any association between the school lunch and nutritional status. There was no statistically significant difference in the nutritional status of participants and non-participants. The programme did not impact the nutritional status of participants.

25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Metabolism in Human Colon Cancer Cells during Tumor Progression

2001 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Bareis ◽  
Giovanna Bises ◽  
Martin G. Bischof ◽  
Heide S. Cross ◽  
Meinrad Peterlik
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cells

scholarly journals Vitamin D Immunomodulatory Potential in Multiple Sclerosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi S. Slavov ◽  
Anastasiya G. Trenova ◽  
Mariya G. Manova ◽  
Ivanka I. Kostadinova ◽  
Tonka V. Vasileva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology whose treatment is of limited efficiency and therefore has a high social burden. As it has been suggested that myelin destruction model, the clinical manifestation and the potential of therapeutic response in MS are correlated, it is quite justifiable that we study various factors (genetic, hormonal, environmental) that take part in the autoimmune process in order to improve the control over the disrupted immune regulation. Results from epidemiological and clinical studies clearly suggest that changes in vitamin D serum concentrations are correlated with the magnitude of the risk of developing MS, the phases of relapse and remittance and with gender differences in vitamin D metabolism. Experimental and clinical studies also have established that 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) exert an immunomodulatory effect in the central nervous system and peripheral organs of the immune system. The standard reference range of vitamin D concentration in serum is 50-80 nmol/l - it provides normal calcium metabolism. Issues that are discussed include the vitamin D serum concentration needed to suppress the aberrant immune response in MS patients; a subgroup of MS patients suitable for vitamin D treatment, the vitamin D being applied in optimally effective and safe dosage. MS prevalence rate in Bulgaria has increased two-fold in 17 years but this is a rather short interval to be able to assume that the gene pool of the population changes. Thus further studies on possible interactions between different environmental factors and these factors’ role in the disease pathogenesis are justified and necessary.

scholarly journals Evaluation of children with protein energy malnutrition and level of malaria parasitemia in Kwara State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishat Oluwatoyin Saka ◽  
Mohammed Jamiu Saka ◽  
Lateefat Olayinka Sa’adu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Malaria Parasitemia ◽  
Protein Energy

Malaria and Protein-Energy-Malnutrition (PEM) are two major causes of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria can predispose a child to PEM and the reverse may also be true. Recent studies have presented inconsistent findings about nutritional status and the occurrence of malaria among the children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between PEM and malaria parasitemia if any. A case control study in which 90 children diagnosed for PEM (aged 6-59 months), and another well-nourished 90 children age and sex-matched controls were evaluated for malaria parasitemia. A semi-structured proforma was used to obtain relevant information on the children’s sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional indices amongst others. Venous blood sample was collected and thick and thin blood film were prepared and viewed under the microscope. Malaria parasitemia was present in 82 (91.1%) of malnourished group and 12 (13.3%) of the well-nourished group (P<0.05 OR=66.62). Malaria parasitemia was highest in those with kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor compared with underweight. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The study demonstrates that malnourished children have higher degree of malaria parasitemia and are at risk of malaria. It also shows that severe forms of malnutrition are associated with heavier malaria parasitemia. It is therefore recommended that all malnourished children should have access to use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN), malaria chemoprophylaxis as well as empiric treatment of malaria in endemic areas where access to malaria parasite diagnosis is difficult.

scholarly journals BsmI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene is associated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in individuals with cognitive decline

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 760-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina R. de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina A. Magalhães ◽  
Cristina M. G. Loures ◽  
Vanessa G. Fraga ◽  
Leonardo C. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Bsmi Polymorphism ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

ABSTRACT Elderly people are at a high risk of developing vitamin D (VitD) deficiency due to both decreased intake and cutaneous synthesis. Most of the biological actions of VitD are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in neurons and glial cells of the hippocampus, and in the cortex and subcortical nuclei, essential areas for cognition. It is known that VDR gene polymorphisms may decrease the VDR affinity for VitD. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of VitD levels on cognitive decline in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 32) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 15) compared to cognitively healthy elderly (n = 24). We also evaluated the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with cognitive disturbance. Methods: Four polymorphisms on the VDR gene were studied, namely, BsmI, ApaI, FokI and TaqI, by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: No significant difference in 25(OH)D levels or genotypic/allelic frequencies was observed between the groups. Deficiency of 25(OH)D was more frequently observed in women. The AA/AG genotypes of the BsmI polymorphism was associated with sufficient 25(OH)D levels, while the GG genotype of this same polymorphism was associated to insufficient levels in the cognitively-impaired group (individuals with AD or MCI). Conclusions: The data obtained do not confirm the relationship between reductions of VitD levels, polymorphisms in the VDR gene, and altered cognitive function in this sample. However, the data indicate that BsmI polymorphism in the VDR gene is associated with the VitD levels in individuals with cognitive decline.

Increased Food Intake after the Addition of Amylase-Rich Flour to Supplementary Food for Malnourished Children in Rural Communities of Bangladesh

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iqbal Hossain ◽  
M. A. Wahed ◽  
Shaheen Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Nutrition ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Added Water

Background In Bangladesh, as in other developing countries, protein–energy malnutrition is most prevalent among children during weaning. After weaning, children are often fed cereal-based diluted low-calorie porridge, resulting in growth-faltering. Objective To assess the effect on food intake of adding amylase-rich flour (ARF) from germinated wheat to supplementary food among children in nine rural Community Nutrition Centers under the Bangladesh Integrated Nutrition Project (BINP). Methods A total of 166 malnourished children of either sex, aged 6 to 24 months, received one of three diets randomly allocated to the Community Nutrition Centers. The composition of the diets was the same; however, the consistency and calorie density were altered by adding either ARF or water. Thirty-five children received the standard supplementary food of the BINP (S-SF), 65 received supplementary food with added ARF (ARF-SF), and 66 received supplementary food with added water (W-SF). The children were studied for six weeks. Results The mean ± SD intake of supplementary food from a single meal by children completing six weeks on the diets was higher for children receiving ARF-SF (33.91 ± 8.25 g) than for those receiving S-SF (25.66 ± 6.73 g) or W-SF (30.26 ± 8.39 g) (p < .05 for both comparisons). The weight of vomited food was significantly higher for children receiving W-SF than for children in the other two groups. Weight gain and increments in length and weight-for-height were higher for children who received ARF-SF than for children in the other two groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. The acceptability of ARF-SF was higher than that of the two other diets. The additional cost of adding 2 g of ARF to the diet was about Taka 0.25 (US$1 = Taka 48). Conclusions Addition of ARF to existing standard supplementary food, as used under the BINP program, is a simple and effective means to increase the intake of food by changing its consistency, thus making it easier for malnourished children to ingest.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Study of Lymphocyte Subsets in Malnourished and Well-Nourished Children with Bacterial Infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oralia Nájera ◽  
Cristina González ◽  
Guadalupe Toledo ◽  
Laura López ◽  
Rocío Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
T Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy

ABSTRACT Protein-energy malnutrition is the primary cause of immune deficiency in children across the world. It has been related to changes in peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of infection and malnutrition on the proportion of peripheral-lymphocyte subsets in well-nourished non-bacterium-infected (WN), well-nourished bacterium-infected (WNI), and malnourished bacterium-infected (MNI) children by flow cytometry. A prospectively monitored cohort of 15 MNI, 12 WNI, and 17 WN children was studied. All the children were 3 years old or younger and had only bacterial infections. Results showed a significant decrease in the proportion of T CD3+ (P < 0.05 for relative and P < 0.03 for absolute values), CD4+ (P < 0.01 for relative and absolute values), and CD8+ (P < 0.05 for relative values) lymphocyte subsets in WNI children compared to the results seen with WN children. Additionally, B lymphocytes in MNI children showed significant lower values (CD20+ P < 0.02 for relative and P < 0.05 for absolute values) in relation to the results seen with WNI children. These results suggest that the decreased proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets observed in WNI children were associated with infection diseases and that the incapacity to increase the proportion of B lymphocyte was associated with malnutrition. This low proportion of B lymphocytes may be associated with the mechanisms involved in the immunodeficiency of malnourished children.

scholarly journals Study on impact of protein energy malnutrition on development in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Dhara Patel ◽  
Greeshma Issac
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Impact

Background: Majority of the children in India who live below the poverty line in an environment of deprivation and starvation have physical and developmental retardation. The Objective of this study to study the impact and comparison of protein energy malnutrition on the development with normal children.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study in which total 128 cases of protein energy malnutrition and 30 normal children were enrolled from nutritional rehabilitation center and in patients wards. The study population comprised of children less than 5 years of age, having weight for height/length ≤3 SD, with visible wasting, or bipedal oedema, with mid arm circumference <11.5 cm were assessed for their development in all four domains using Denver II developmental Screening Test (DDST-II).Results: The gross motor milestones are affected in 62.5% with grade4 PEM & 42.85% with grade 3, the fine motor component is affected more in grade 4 with other domains less affected, no significant relation of language delay with PEM was observed in this study, 40% of children with grade 4 PEM shows delay in social domain while 18.18% of the patients with grade 3 PEM show delay in social domain. No patients with grade 1 or grade 2 PEM showed delay in social domain. All four domains are affected in PEM with a maximum effect in gross motor, but the difference does not seem to be significant as the p value is 0.3 i.e.  >0.05 which is insignificant.Conclusions: My study on the effect of protein energy malnutrition on development proves that there in increasing delay in all the domains of development with increasing grade of malnutrition. Early detection of malnutrition in community can cause early intervention and increase the productivity of nation.

Nutritional Deficiencies and Toxicities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl E. Misulis ◽  
E. Lee Murray
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Nutritional disorders are often encountered in hospital neurology practice, especially deficiencies of vitamins B1 and B12. Medical conditions can predispose to nutritional disorders. This chapter discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and management of B12 deficiency, B1 deficiency, protein-energy malnutrition, folate deficiency especially in the context of pregnancy, B6 deficiency, B6 toxicity, copper deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency. Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome are also discussed.

Evaluation of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay on a fully automated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system, the Thermo Scientific Cascadion SM Clinical Analyzer with the Cascadion 25-hydroxy vitamin D assay in a routine clinical laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1010-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally C. Benton ◽  
Godwin K. Tetteh ◽  
Sarah-Jayne Needham ◽  
Jakob Mücke ◽  
Leanne Sheppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory

AbstractBackgroundLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers advantages over immunoassay due to its increased specificity and ability to multiplex metabolites within a single run. Wide scale adoption of LC-MS/MS in routine clinical laboratories is restricted in part due to the high level of technical expertise required. The Thermo Scientific™ Cascadion™ SM Clinical Analyzer is the first fully automated, random access clinical analyser that utilises LC-MS/MS technology. We report an analytical validation of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and D3 assays on the Cascadion Analyzer and an assessment of its performance within a routine clinical laboratory.MethodsAnalyser usability was assessed by staff with no previous experience of LC-MS/MS. An analytical validation included analysis of 154 patient samples on two different Cascadion Analyzers and a four-way method comparison of 146 patient samples on Roche and Siemens immunoassays and an in-house LC-MS/MS method. Accuracy was assessed using external quality assurance and reference materials. Seven third party IQC materials were tested on Cascadion.ResultsCascadion proved easy to use by scientific and non-scientific staff. The assay passed all validation criteria. Excellent agreement was demonstrated between two different Cascadions (y = 0.97x + 3.9 nmol/L, r2 > 0.99). A method comparison demonstrated no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the Cascadion and the Roche immunoassay. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the Cascadion and an LC-MS/MS and Siemens methods. Results obtained from EQA and reference material showed a mean bias of +3.09% and all samples were within ±10% of assigned concentrations. All third party IQC samples tested were compatible for use with Cascadion.ConclusionsThe Cascadion Analyzer is a fully automated LC-MS/MS system that requires no prior LC-MS/MS expertise. The vitamin D assays demonstrated excellent performance with high levels of accuracy.

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