Effects of glycine–metal compounds onAscaridia galli-infected chickens expressed by a kinetic model

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gabrashanska ◽  
S.E. Teodorova ◽  
M. Galvez-Morros ◽  
M. Mitov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Gain Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractThe biogenic elements zinc, manganese and cobalt are essential for metabolic processes in animals. Compounds of nGly.Me2+A. mH2O (Me2+=Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+; A=Cl−, SO42−, n=1, 2; m=2, 5), as supplements in the diet, were used separately on different experimental groups of male Hisex chickens to correct the mineral deficiency caused byAscaridia galliinfections. An amelioration of body weight gain, reduction of mortality and restoration of trace element levels were estimated in infected chickens. A mathematical model has been proposed forA. gallipopulation kinetics in chickens, taking into account the stimulating effect of these elements on the nematodes. The model parameters are considered as phenomenological constants of the host–parasite system. An agreement with experimental data is observed using, for the parametersψ,α,μandμs, values equal to those calculated in previously investigatedA. galli–chicken systems. For parameterν(immunological constant) the same value was obtained as in a previous experiment with high infection. This model is likely to be suitable for a range of host–nematode systems, including varying degrees of infection and treatment with different trace elements.

Effects of Body Weight Gain Reduction Resulting From Chemopreventive Agent Treatment on Mammary Gland Morphology

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodríguez-Burford< ◽  
Vernon E. Steele ◽  
Amy S. Anderson ◽  
Cecil R. Stockard ◽  
Heidi L. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Gain Reduction ◽  
Mammary Gland Morphology ◽  
Agent Treatment

scholarly journals A Ratio-Dependent Model of Replicator-Genetic Parasite Coevolution Demonstrates Instability of the Parasite-Free State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faina Berezovskaya ◽  
Georgy P. Karev ◽  
Eugene V. Koonin
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Volterra Type ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Ratio Dependent ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Intrinsic Feature

AbstractNearly all organisms on earth are hosts to diverse genetic parasites including viruses and various types of mobile genetic elements. The emergence and persistence of genetic parasites was hypothesized to be an intrinsic feature of biological evolution. Here we examine this proposition by analysis of a ratio-dependent Lotka-Volterra type model of replicator(host)-parasite coevolution where the evolutionary outcome depends on the ratio of the host and parasite numbers. In a large, unbounded domain of the space of the model parameters, which include the replicator carrying capacity, the damage inflicted by the parasite, the replicative advantage of the parasites, and its mortality rate, the parasite-free equilibrium takes the form of a saddle and accordingly is unstable. Therefore, the evolutionary outcome is either the stable coexistence of the replicator and the parasite or extinction of both. Thus, the results of ratio-dependent model analysis are compatible with the hypothesis that genetic parasites are inherent to life.

scholarly journals Palatability Test of Mineral Herbal Blocks on Performans of Local Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aisyah Nurmi ◽  
Muharram Fajrin Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Mineral Deficiency

This research was aimed to study of palatability and body weight gain local sheeps given minerals herbal (MBH). The farms used in this study were male 4 local sheep at the age of 12-18 months who showed symptoms of mineral deficiency. The research method used is the Latin Square Design (LSD). The treatment given is: H0 = Basal Feed + Salt; H1 = Basal Feed + Salt + Mineral + Turmeric; H2 = Basal Feed + Salt + Mineral + Ginger; H3 = Basal Feed + Salt + Mineral + Turmeric + Ginger. The research parameter is the mineral palatability of herbal blocks and body weight gain. The results showed that MBH given turmeric (10%), ginger (10%) and a combination of 5% + 5% ginger showed a non-significant effect on feed consumption and conversion. Palatability test showed that all MBH treatments were favored by local sheep, but the highest palatability of MBH was by adding ginger; followed by a combination of ginger and turmeric; and the lowest palatability is turmeric. Based on palatability tests, MBH with turmeric supplementation of 10%; 10% ginger or a combination of 5% ginger + 5% turmeric in the form of Herbal Minerals Block has a good palatability (preferred) and can improve the performance of local sheep.

A kinetic model for Ascaridia galli populations in chickens treated with mixed salts of copper and zinc

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gabrashanska ◽  
S. Teodorova ◽  
M. Galvez-Morros ◽  
O. Garcia Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Mixed Salts ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Phenomenological Constant ◽  
Good Agreement

The action of mixed salts of copper and zinc (basic and neutral) on Hisex chickens experimentally infected with Ascaridia galli has been studied. The data show that the lowest host mortality and decrease in body weight gain and the highest reduction in nematode loading occurs in infected chickens treated with basic salts (in comparison with infected chickens, untreated or treated with neutral salts). A mathematical model has been proposed to provide a quantitative interpretation of the observed results. The model solutions of the kinetics of parasite numbers and of the gain in body weight are in a good agreement with the experimental data. One of the kinetic parameters in the model is defined as a phenomenological constant of the host immune response. Its value is determined in the case of infected and untreated chickens.

scholarly journals Assessment of health damage due to exposure to mineral wool fine dusts

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
O I Kopytenkova ◽  
A V Levanchuk ◽  
Z Sh Tursunov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Health Damage ◽  
Discharge Summaries

Aim. To develop the rapid method for cardiovascular diseases risk assessment among employees exposed to mineral wool fine dusts. Methods. Concentrations of particles smaller than 10 and 2.5 μm were measured in the air of mineral wools producing working area using «OMPN-10.0» dust meter. The mass fraction of heavy metals in mineral wools was calculated by atomic absorption method. Statistical analysis of 40 out-patient charts data and discharge summaries of occupational diseases department was performed. Cardiovascular risk mathematical model parameters were calculated using SPSS Statistica 17.0 software package. Results. Dust concentration in the air of working area where mineral wools are used was 8.2±1.3 mg/m3, including 1.8±0.4 mg/m3 of particles smaller than 10 μm and 1.25±0.3 mg/m3 of particles smaller than 2.5 μm. Heavy metal compounds, such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, were revealed in the dust. Relation between the cardiovascular risk and duration of service in unfavorable environmental conditions and hygienic standards overage ratio was established. The risk for a disease for workers with term of service of 4 years was assessed as high, with term of service of 14 years - as extra-high. Conclusion. Results showing the dependence of cardiovascular risk on contact with mineral wool fine dust and length of service and hygienic standards overage ratio can be used as an express cardiovascular risk assessment method in employees exposed to mineral wool fine dusts with the particles size smaller than 10 and 2.5 μm.

scholarly journals Studies on prevalence of ascariasis in indigenous chickens in Gaibandha district and treatment by pineapple leaves extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Kamrunnaher Akter ◽  
ABM Jalal Uddin ◽  
Maksudur Rashid ◽  
Fahima Binthe Aziz ◽  
Md Bazlar Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Alternative Choice ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Pineapple Leaves

Ascariasis is very common in indigenous chicken causing retarded growth, low productivity and mortality. Considering the problem of Ascaridia galli in chickens, anthelmintic resistance, high cost and human health hazard of chemical anthelmintic the use of medicinal plant is an alternative choice. The study was conducted to determine the incidence of ascariasis in Polashbari upazilla of Gobindhaganj district during July to November 2012 and subsequently evaluated the efficacy of pineapple (Ananus comosus) leaves extract against ascariasis infected chickens. Out of 500 chickens examined for presence of A. galli infestation by faecal sample examination, 365 hens and 135 cocks. The 292 female (80%) and 119 male (88.15%) were found infected with A. galli. The highest infection rate 95.26% was found in 60 to 90 days of age group. Infected chickens were treated with pineapple leaves extract @ 1ml/kg body weight per OS for 7 consecutive days. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was evaluated by counting fecal egg per gram (EPG) compared with pretreatment values. Body weight and hematological changes of each chicken was recorded in pre and post treatment. In the untreated control chickens the average EPG increased from 300 ± 11.07 to 340 ± 13.96. The average EPG reduced from 300 ± 11.07 to 60 ± 7.40 within 28 days of pineapple treatment. The mean body weight gain in treated chicken was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control. Pineapple leaves extract increased the TEC, Hb and PCV and decreased TLC and ESR values of chickens. But in control group TEC, Hb and PCV decreased and TLC and ESR values increased. It may be concluded that pineapple leaves extract treatment effectively reduced the ascariasis load in chicken and improved body weight.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 157-163, April 2016

scholarly journals Effect of Inorganic Zinc on Selected Immune Parameters in Chicken Blood and Jejunum after A. galli Infection

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Viera Karaffová ◽  
Viera Revajová ◽  
Emília Dvorožňáková ◽  
Ľubomíra Grešáková ◽  
Martin Levkut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lamina Propria Lymphocytes

Ascaridiosis in poultry results in a reduction in body weight gain, egg production, as well as microelement levels. Infected poultry have higher demands on feed with the addition of essential elements including zinc. The effects of the infection by Ascaridia galli and the supplementation of inorganic zinc on the immune status of broilers were monitored through evaluation of the relative expression of selected genes (interleukins, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) by real-time PCR, haematology parameters by microscopy, and quantitative changes of lamina propria lymphocytes by flow cytometry in day 7 and day 14 of the study. We observed that the enrichment of the diet with inorganic zinc has a positive effect on the relative percentage of CD4+ lamina propria lymphocytes in the jejunum and on heterophil counts in blood. In addition, it was concluded that inorganic zinc has an anti-inflammatory effect (downregulation of TNF-α and IL-17) and activates IgA-producing cells in the jejunum of chicks infected with A. galli.

scholarly journals Prevalence of the dog nematode Spirocerca lupi in populations of its intermediate dung beetle host in the Tshwane (Pretoria) Metropole, South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Du Toit ◽  
C.H. Scholtz ◽  
W.B. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Host Parasite

Spirocerca lupi (Spirurida: Spirocercidae) is a cosmopolitan parasite, principally of domestic dogs and dung beetles are its main intermediate hosts. In South Africa there has recently been growing concern over the upsurge of reported cases of clinical spirocercosis in dogs, while little is known or understood about the dynamics of the host-parasite associations between dung beetles and this nematode. We determined and compared the prevalence of infection in dung beetles between rural, urban and periurban areas of Tshwane (Pretoria) Metropole. Dung beetles were sampled during April and October 2006, at various localities in each of these areas. Localities were selected on the basis of being focal areas of high infection with S. lupi in dogs. Pig, dog and cow dung-baited pitfall traps were used for sampling the beetles. Trap contents were collected 48 h after the traps had been set and only dung beetles were collected from the traps. In total, 453 specimens belonging to 18 species were collected from 63 pitfall traps in all three areas. The numbers of species that were collected varied among the three areas. Dung beetles, irrespective of species (18) and numbers (447), predominantly preferred pig dung. The prevalence of dung beetles infected with the larvae of S. lupi varied considerably in the three areas. In the urban area 13.5 % of the dung beetles dissected were infected, while the prevalence of S. lupi in dung beetles in the rural area was 2.3 %. All the dung beetles that were infected with this nematode showed a preference for omnivore (pig and dog) dung.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of korolla (Momordica charantia) extract and Ivermec® pour on with their effects on certain blood parameters and body weight gain in indigenous chicken infected with Ascaridia galli

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Shahadat ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MAA Mamum ◽  
ME Hoque ◽  
MA Awal
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Group B

Comparative anthelmintics efficacy of whole korolla fruit (Momordica charantia) extract and ivermec® pour on was evaluated in vitro and in vivo on adult Ascaridia galli of indigenous chicken. The total trial chickens (60) were divided equally into 3 groups; group A as control, group B treated with ivermec® pour on @ 500 μg/kg bwt by dropper through skin absorption for single dose and group C treated with 3% aqueous extract of korolla. Freshly prepared aqueous extract of the korolla fruit was performed as wormicidal properties against adult A. galli on in vitro and in vivo study. 3% aqueous extract of korolla fruit was treated as higher efficacy against A. galli. The live body weight was increased in chicken after treatment in group B and C respectively but in control group body weight was slowly decreased. TEC (million/cu mm), Hb (gm %) and PCV (%30 minutes) were increased significantly in chickens of treated groups whereas ESR was increased in control groups. Key words: Anthelmintics efficacy, korolla, Ivermec® pour on, Ascaridia galli, indigenous chicken, haematological parameters  doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2328 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 153-158   

The effects of dietary non-starch polysaccharides onAscaridia galliinfection in grower layers

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. DAŞ ◽  
H. ABEL ◽  
J. HUMBURG ◽  
A. SCHWARZ ◽  
S. RAUTENSCHLEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Body Weights

SUMMARYThis study examined whetherAscaridia galliinfection can be controlled by dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in chickens. One-day-old chicks were fed either a basal diet (CON) or CON plus insoluble NSP (I-NSP), or CON plus soluble NSP (S-NSP) for 11 weeks. Three weeks later, birds from half of each feeding group were inoculated with 250 embryonated eggs ofA. galli, and slaughtered 8 weeks post-infection to determine worm counts. Both NSP diets, particularly S-NSP, increased prevalence of infection (P<0·05) and worm burden (roughly +50%) of the birds (P<0·001).A. galliinfection caused a less efficient (P=0·013) feed utilization for body weight gain (BWG) resulting in lower body weights (P<0·001) irrespective of type of diet consumed. NSP-fed birds, particularly those on I-NSP, consumed more (+8%) feed per unit BWG and showed retarded (P<0·001) BW development compared to CON-fed birds. Intracaecal pH was lowered by S-NSP (P<0·05). Both NSP diets increased the volatile fatty acids pool size in caeca (P<0·001) with S-NSP exerting a greater effect (+46%) than I-NSP (+24%). It is concluded that both NSPs supplemented diets alter gastrointestinal environment in favour of the nematode establishment, and thus have no potential for controllingA. galliinfection in chickens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document