Assessing Community—Wide Outcomes of Prevention Marketing Campaigns through Telephone Surveys

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Myllyluoma ◽  
Patty Greenberg ◽  
Charles Wolters ◽  
Pamela Kaifer
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Researchers at Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation (CPHRE) were contracted by the Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) to conduct a random sample survey to serve as one component of the evaluation of the Prevention Marketing Initiative (PMI) Local Site Demonstration Project, a community-based HIV prevention program for adolescents. Data were collected from 1,402 adolescents over a 23-month period. A five wave, cross-sectional design was used. A dual sampling strategy combined Random Digit Dialing (RDD) with Listed Household (LHH) samples. Particular care was devoted to ensuring the rights of teenaged participants. Data were collected anonymously and concerns about confidentiality and privacy informed design and operational decisions. Response rate goals were achieved. Factors that may have contributed to the adequacy of the response rate include the use of advance letters and a toll-free phone line as well as sensitivity to the needs and concerns of the target population, the perceived legitimacy of CDC research and the perseverance of the interviewers.

scholarly journals Parents’ Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors at Health Centers in Kigali, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Patricie Mujawimana ◽  
Fauste Uwingabire ◽  
Felicite Kankindi ◽  
Ruth Dusabe ◽  
Pamela Meharry
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background Globally, nearly half of all under-five deaths occur during the neonatal period. About two million dies within the first week, of which 75% come from low-resource countries, such as Rwanda. Many neonatal deaths are preventable or avoidable if parents are knowledgeable of Neonatal Danger Signs (NDS), and do not delay seeking care at a health facility. Objective To assess the parents’ knowledge of NDS and associated factors within the neonatal period at four health centers in Kigali. Method This study was a descriptive cross-sectional design. A proportionate stratified probability sampling strategy was used to select 209 parents who attended selected health centers in Kigali. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The findings showed that 67% of participants had some information on NDS. Logistic regression showed that educational level, parity, number of antenatal visits, and information from healthcare providers was significantly associated with parents' knowledge of NDS. Conclusion Our findings indicate the need to enhance education of parents’ knowledge of NDS in the study population. Educational efforts also should target NDS in health centers where most Rwandan women attend antenatal care. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):128-138

scholarly journals Associations between the number of children, age at childbirths and prevalence of chronic low back pain: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Heuch ◽  
Ivar Heuch ◽  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Kjersti Storheim ◽  
John-Anker Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Generalised Linear Modelling

Abstract Background Associations between childbirths and subsequent risk of low back pain (LBP) have not been clarified. Changes in sex hormone levels or lumbar posture during pregnancy may have an impact on LBP later in life. The purpose of this study was to explore associations between the number of childbirths, age at childbirths and prevalence of chronic LBP in a general population of women. Methods Data were obtained from the Norwegian community-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, HUNT2 (1995–1997). Women aged 20–69 years indicated whether they suffered from chronic LBP, defined as LBP persisting at least 3 months continuously during last year. Information about LBP was collected from 3936 women who had experienced no childbirths, 3143 women who had delivered one child only and 20,584 women who had delivered 2 or more children. Of these, 7339 women reported chronic LBP. The 595 women who were pregnant when information was collected were considered separately, regardless of previous births, with 80 women reporting chronic LBP. Associations with prevalence of chronic LBP were examined by generalised linear modelling with adjustment for potential confounders in a cross-sectional design. Results Women who had delivered one child only showed a higher prevalence of chronic LBP than women with no childbirths (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.22). Among women with one or more childbirths, no overall change in prevalence could be demonstrated with an increasing number of children in analyses adjusted for age at first delivery. In women with at least two childbirths, an age less than 20 years at first childbirth was associated with an increased prevalence of chronic LBP (PR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.25–1.49; compared with age 25–29 years). No association was observed between age at last delivery and chronic LBP. The lowest prevalence of chronic LBP was found among women who were currently pregnant (PR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.63–1.00; compared with women with no childbirths). Conclusions Having experienced at least one childbirth seems to be associated with a higher prevalence of chronic LBP later in life. A young age at first childbirth is also associated with a long-lasting increased prevalence.

scholarly journals What happens to the physical and psychosocial work environment when activity-based offices are introduced into academia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Berthelsen ◽  
Tuija Muhonen ◽  
Susanna Toivanen
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

PurposeThere is an increased interest for introducing activity-based offices at universities. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about the importance of the built environment for the psychosocial work environment within academia by analyzing how staff at a large Swedish university experienced the physical and psychosocial work environment before and after moving to activity-based offices.Design/methodology/approachA Web-based survey was distributed to all employees at two faculties at a university three months before (2015,n= 217, response rate 51 per cent) and nine months after (2016,n= 200, response rate 47 per cent) relocation to a new activity-based university building.FindingsIn the new premises, a vast majority (86 per cent) always occupied the same place when possible, and worked also more often from home. The social community at work had declined and social support from colleagues and supervisors was perceived to have decreased. The participants reported a lower job satisfaction after the relocation and were more likely to seek new jobs. No aspects in the physical or psychosocial work environment were found to have improved after the relocation.Research/limitations implicationsThe study had a two-wave cross-sectional design, which does not allow establishing causal relations.Practical implicationsThere is reason to be cautious about relocation to activity-based offices at universities. The potential savings in costs for premises may lead to may be followed by an increase in other costs. The risk that staff cannot concentrate on their work in activity-based university workplaces and lose their sense of community with colleagues are factors, which in the long run may lead to decreased efficiency, more conflicts and poorer well-being.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with new knowledge concerning changes in the physical and psychosocial work environment when relocating from cell offices to activity-based offices in a university setting.

scholarly journals Preferred rehabilitation setting among stroke survivors in Nigeria and associated personal factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Vincent-Onabajo ◽  
Zulaiha Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Community Based Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Incorporating patients’ preferences in the care they receive is an important component of evidence-based practice and patient-centred care.Objective: This study assessed stroke patients’ preferences regarding rehabilitation settings.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to examine preferences of stroke patients receiving physiotherapy at three hospitals in Northern Nigeria. Personal factors and preferred rehabilitation setting data were obtained using the Modified Rankin Scale (to assess global disability) and a researcher-developed questionnaire. Associations between preferences and personal factors were explored using bivariate statistics.Results: Sixty stroke patients whose mean age was 53.6 ± 14.8 years participated in the study. Most of the participants (38.3%) preferred an outpatient setting, 19 (31.7%) preferred rehabilitation in their homes, 14 chose inpatient rehabilitation (23.3%), while 4 (6.7%) preferred the community. Age and source of finance were significantly associated with preferences. The majority (66.7%) of those aged ≥ 65 years expressed a preference for rehabilitation in the home or community (X2 = 6.80; p = 0.03). Similarly, most of the participants (53.3%) who depended on family finances preferred home- or community-based rehabilitation, while most of those who depended on employment income for finances preferred an outpatient rehabilitation setting (X2 = 16.80; p = 0.01).Conclusion: A preference for rehabilitation in outpatient facilities predominated followed by home-based rehabilitation, and preferences varied based on age and source of finance. These variations in preferences have implications for making rehabilitation decisions.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Daily Sedentary Time in South Asian Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9275
Author(s):  
Kamalesh Dey ◽  
Julia Zakrzewski-Fruer ◽  
Lindsey Smith ◽  
Rebecca Jones ◽  
Daniel Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study aimed to systematically review total daily sedentary time in South Asian adults. Seven electronic databases were searched, identifying relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals between March 1990 and March 2021. The study was designed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Prospective or cross-sectional design studies reporting total daily sedentary time in South Asian adults (aged ≥18 years), reported in English, were included. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed, and the weighted mean total daily sedentary time was calculated. Fourteen full texts were included in this systematic review from studies that were conducted in Bangladesh, India, Norway, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. Pooled sedentary time across all studies was 424 ± 8 min/day. Sedentary time was measured using self-report questionnaires in seven studies, with a weighted mean daily sedentary time of 416 ± 19 min/day. Eight studies used accelerometers and inclinometers with a weighted mean sedentary time of 527 ± 11 min/day. South Asian adults spend a large proportion of their time being sedentary, especially when recorded using objective measures (~9 h/day). These findings suggest that South Asians are an important target population for public health efforts to reduced sedentary time, and researchers and practitioners should seek to standardise and carefully consider the tools used when measuring sedentary time in this population.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PENERAPAN KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK PADA RESTORAN DI KABUPATEN TABANAN: ANALISA REGRESI LOGISTIK

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Putu Melda Kuswandari ◽  
Ni Made Dian Kurniasari ◽  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Response Rate Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Restaurant Owners ◽  
Free Area

ABSTRAK Kabupaten Tabanan memberlakukan peraturan kawasan tanpa rokok pada restoran, namun dalam penerapannya masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan penerapan KTR oleh pengelola dengan memerhatikan larangan merokok total pada restoran di Kabupaten Tabanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan crossectional. Sampel penelitian yaitu pengelola restoran yang berada di Kabupaten Tabanan. Besar sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah 110 restoran, dengan jumlah yang berpartisipasi 87 restoran (79% response rate). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan restoran dalam menerapkan larangan merokok total sebesar 26,44%. Faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan penerapan KTR yaitu umur pengelola (OR=3,45; 95% CI: 1,10-10,84), pengetahuan pengelola (OR=3,56; 95% CI: 0,96-13,16), sikap pengelola (OR=2,45; 95% CI: 0,72-8,30), serta persepsi dampak bisnis pengelola (OR=4,62; 95% CI: 1,12-19,07) berpeluang meningkatkan kepatuhan KTR. Kepatuhan pengelola restoran di Kabupaten Tabanan terhadap penerapan larangan merokok total relatif rendah. Masih banyak terdapat indikator yang belum terpenuhi dalam implementasi kepatuhan restoran. Perlu adanya dukungan berbagai sektor dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan seperti pengelola, pengunjung, maupun pemerintah sebagai pembuat kebijakan. Kata Kunci: rokok, kepatuhan, KTR, restoran.  ABSTRACT Tabanan regency applied smoke-free by law (SFL) in restaurant but the implementation was still low. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the compliance of the implementation of smoke-free area by restaurant owners through looking complete smoking ban restaurant in Tabanan Regency. This was a quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study samples were restaurant owners/managers in Tabanan Regency. The number of sampling on this study was set by respondent’s rate respond (79% response rate). Data was analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed that the compliance of restaurant manager to total smoking ban was low (26.44%). The factors that influence compliance SFL such as the age of the manager (OR=3.45; 95% CI: 1.10-10.84), the manager's knowledge (OR=3.56; 95% CI: 0.96-13.16), the manager’s attitude (OR=2.45; 95% CI: 0.72-8.30), as well as the perception of the impact of the manager's business (OR=4.62; 95% CI:1.12-19.07) has significantly association with compliance. The compliance of restaurant managers in Tabanan Regency on the implementation of total smoking ban was relatively low. There are still many indicators that have not been fulfilled. There needs concrete support to improving the compliance such as managers, customers, and government as policy makers. Key Words: cigarrete, compliance, smoke-free area, restaurant.

scholarly journals Rasio Prevalensi Anemia Ibu Bersalin Terhadap Kejadian Persalinan Preterm di RSUD Wonosari Tahun 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Noviana Dewi Rengganis ◽  
Siti Tyastuti ◽  
Anita Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Preterm Born

Preterm labor is a delivery that occurs in pregnancy before 37 weeks' gestation. Complications in preterm-born infants arethe single largest cause of neonatal death and are currently the leading cause of death among children under 5 years. InfantMortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still very high at 34 of 1000 live births. The prevalence of preterm delivery in GunungkidulRegency in 2013 was 16.1%. Anemia is one of the causes of preterm labor. The incidence of anemia in Gunungkidul Regencyhas increased in the last 3 years. This study aims to determine the prevalence ratio of maternal anemia on the occurrence ofpreterm labor in Wonosari Hospital 2016. Type of observational analytical research with cross sectional design. The subjectof this research is maternity mother in RSUD Wonosari. Data collection was taken from secondary data that is maternityregister and medical record from January to December 2016. Target population in this study amounted to 953, with simplerandom sampling. The number of samples in this study amounted to 208 respondents. Data were analyzed using RatioPrevalensi (RP). Preterm birth mothers with anemia of 38,5% and preterm birth mothers who did not have anemia of 18.2%with analysis of RP = 2,115. The result indicates that maternal mother with anemia has a chance to experience preterm labor2.115 times bigger than mothers who are not anemia. (CI:1,330-3,365).

scholarly journals Gambaran Kehilangan Gigi pada Mahasiswa Tahap Profesi Dokter Gigi

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Juliatri Juliatri ◽  
Pritartha S. Anindita
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract: Tooth loss can occur due to various causes including caries and periodontal disease. Dental clerkship students are expected to have a good level of understanding of dental and oral health, therefore, they can prevent tooth loss due to dental and oral diseases such as caries or periodontal disease. This study was aimed to obtain the description of tooth loss among dental clerkship students at Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University (PSPDG FK Unsrat) Manado. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using total sampling method. Data were collected by means of questionnaires containing the identity and status of respondents with tooth loss, and were analyzed to determine the frequency and distribution of tooth loss. Out of a total of 228 students, 156 students filled in the questionnaires with a response rate of 68.4%. The results showed that 103 or 66% of respondents experienced tooth loss of one or more teeth and the total number of all missing teeth were 240 teeth. Caries was the most prominent cause of tooth loss, as many as 144 teeth or 60%. Of the 240 missing teeth, 202 teeth were not replaced with dentures. In conclusion, the prevalence of tooth loss among dental clerkship students at PSPDG FK Unsrat was 66%. Caries was the most common cause of tooth loss. Most of the missing teeth were not replaced with dentures for various reasons.Keywords: tooth loss; dental student  Abstrak: Kehilangan gigi dapat terjadi akibat berbagai hal di antaranya karies dan penyakit periodontal. Mahasiswa tahap profesi dokter gigi diharapkan memiliki tingkat pemahaman tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik sehingga dapat mencegah kehilangan gigi yang disebabkan oleh penyakit gigi dan mulut seperti karies atau penyakit periodontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kehilangan gigi pada mahasiswa tahap profesi dokter gigi di Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (PSPDG FK Unsrat) Manado. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Penentuan sampel dengan metode total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi identitas dan status kehilangan gigi responden, dan dianalisis untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan distribusi kehilangan gigi responden. Dari total 228 mahasiswa, sebanyak 156 mahasiswa mengisi kuesioner dengan response rate sebesar 68,4%. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan 103 atau 66% responden mengalami kehilangan satu atau lebih gigi dengan jumlah keseluruhan gigi yang hilang 240 gigi. Karies merupakan penyebab kehilangan gigi paling tinggi yaitu sebanyak 144 gigi atau 60%. Dari 240 gigi yang hilang, sebanyak 202 gigi tidak dibuatkan gigi tiruan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi kehilangan gigi pada mahasiswa tahap profesi PSPDG FK Unsrat sebesar 66%. Karies merupakan penyebab kehilangan gigi paling tinggi. Sebagian besar gigi yang hilang tidak dibuatkan gigi tiruan dengan berbagai alasan.Kata kunci: kehilangan gigi; mahasiswa kedokteran gigi

Evaluating the Outcomes for Bereaved People Supported by a Community-Based Suicide Bereavement Service

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Marc Gehrmann ◽  
Sara Dawn Dixon ◽  
Victoria Suzanne Visser ◽  
Mark Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Grief Reactions

Abstract. Background: Postvention services aim to support people bereaved by suicide and reduce the adverse impacts associated with suicide bereavement. StandBy Support After Suicide is a community-based suicide bereavement service that provides support and a coordinated response for people bereaved by suicide. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the StandBy service in reducing suicidality, grief reactions associated with suicide bereavement, and social isolation among clients. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional design using an online survey was used to compare StandBy clients with people bereaved by suicide who did not access the StandBy service. Results: Among people whose most recent loss to suicide was within the past 12 months, people supported by StandBy were significantly less likely to be at risk of suicidality, experience a loss of social support, and experience social loneliness compared with people bereaved by suicide who had not accessed the StandBy service. Limitations: Owing to the use of a cross-sectional design, it was not possible to determine changes over time. Conclusion: Postvention in the form of a community-based crisis intervention, at the time of or close to a suicide, is effective in reducing adverse outcomes associated with suicide bereavement, and an important aspect of suicide prevention.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS WITH ADHERENCE IN TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Arlinda Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Noni Novisari Soeroso ◽  
Dian Dwi Wahyuni ◽  
Rina Amelia ◽  
Ivana Alona
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structured Education ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of

  Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of attitudes and perceptions about tuberculosis (TB) with adherence to the treatment of TB patients in Medan.Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design. The target population was all patients who admitted to seven primary health centers (PHCs) in Medan. Samples were new TB patients aged >18 years old, with the result of acid-fast bacilli (+) (n=100). Assessment of behavioral adherence, attitudes, and perceptions of treatment were done based on treatment behavior instruments that had been validated and analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: The results showed that 55% of the patients adhered to their medication. There was a relationship between attitude and adherence of TB treatment (p<0.05). However, there is no wrong perception correlation with treatment adherence (p>0.05). A good attitude increased 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1624; 8549) times for adherence to TB treatment.Conclusions: The positive attitude of the TB patients improved TB treatment behavior. Structured education provided by doctors and TB officers in PHC should be done to improve the knowledge and attitude of TB patients.

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