scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and protective effects of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) following ethylene oxide-induced oxidative insult

Bioengineered ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4593-4604
Author(s):  
Mahmood Rasool ◽  
Arif Malik ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf ◽  
Rabia Mubbin ◽  
Ujala Ayyaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Insult

scholarly journals Effects of Juniperus phoenicea Hydroalcoholic Extract on Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress Markers in Carrageenan-Induced Paw Oedema in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karama Zouari Bouassida ◽  
Samar Makni ◽  
Amina Tounsi ◽  
Lobna Jlaiel ◽  
Mohamed Trigui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oedema Formation ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
Wild Tree ◽  
Mda Content

Juniperus phoenicea (J. phoenicea) is a wild tree belonging to the Cupressaceae family, commonly used for the treatment of several disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of J. phoenicea hydroethanolic extract (EtOH-H2OE) against oxidation, acute inflammation, and pain in mice models. For the purpose, chemical compounds of J. phoenicea EtOH-H2OE were also analyzed by GC-MS. The J. phoenicea EtOH-H2OE showed a potent antioxidant activity in vitro, thanks to its richness in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Mice treated with EtOH-H2OE (100 mg/kg BW) showed reduced paw oedema formation and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities in paw oedema tissue after five hours of carrageenan induction showed a significant increase (P<0.05). Inflammatory biomarkers explorations of J. phoenicea EtOH-H2OE-treated mice showed a restoration of the studied parameters to near-normal values. Furthermore, EtOH-H2OE of J. phoenicea produced a significant reduction of the number of abdominal writhes (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent way. Phytochemical analysis of the J. phoenicea EtOH-H2OE by GC-MS showed the presence of hexadecanoic and stearic acids known as anti-inflammatory and analgesic compounds. Our investigation provided evidence that J. phoenicea EtOH-H2OE can effectively reduce the inflammation and pain in mice models.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profile and Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Industrial Hemp Water Extract in Fibroblasts, Keratinocytes and Isolated Mouse Skin Specimens

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Viviana di Giacomo ◽  
Lucia Recinella ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Giustino Orlando ◽  
Amelia Cataldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp is a multiuse crop whose phytocomplex includes terpenophenolics and flavonoids. In the present study, the phenolic and terpenophenolic compounds were assayed in the water extract of the hemp variety Futura 75. Protective effects were also investigated in human fibroblast and keratinocytes and isolate mouse skin specimens, which were exposed to hydrogen peroxide and/or to the extract (1–500 µg/mL). The results of phytochemical analysis suggested the cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid and rutin as the prominent phytocompounds. In the in vitro system represented by human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the hemp extract was found to be able to protect cells from cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Moreover, modulatory effects on IL-6, a key mediator in skin proliferation, were found. In isolated rat skin, the extract reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced l-dopa turnover, prostaglandin-E2 production and the ratio kynurenine/tryptpophan, thus corroborating anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects. The in silico docking studies also highlighted the putative interactions between cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid and rutin with tyrosinase and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, involved in l-dopa turnover and tryptophan conversion in kynurenine, respectively. In conclusion, the present findings showed the efficacy of hemp water extract as a skin protective agent. This could be partly related to the extract content in cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid and rutin.

scholarly journals Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Powder Has the Potential to Attenuate High Dose Artemether-Lumefantrine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Non-Malarious Guinea Pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye ◽  
Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia ◽  
Abdulai Mahmood Seidu ◽  
Charles Antwi-Boasiako ◽  
Benoit Banga N’guessan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medium Dose

Objective. This study investigated the elemental composition of unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP), its effect on nitric oxide, and its hepatoprotective potential during simultaneous administration with high-dose artemether/lumefantrine (A/L).Method. Macro- and microelements in UNCP were analyzed with EDXRF spectroscopy. Thirty (30) male guinea-pigs were then divided into five groups. For groups 3 (low-dose), 4 (medium-dose), and 5 (high-dose), the animals received oral UNCP prophylactically for 14 days. Group 1 received distilled water (14 days) and group 2 A/L for the last 3 days (days 12 to 14). After euthanisation, biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out in all groups.Results. Phytochemical analysis of UNCP showed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and cardiac glycosides. Thirty-eight (38) macro- and microelements were found. UNCP produced significant decreases in ALT, ALP, GGT, and AST levels. A significant increase in total protein levels was observed during A/L+UNCP administration in comparison to 75 mg/kg A/L group. Histopathological examinations buttressed the protective effects of cocoa administration. UNCP administration increased nitric oxide levels 149.71% (P<0.05) compared to controls.Conclusion. UNCP increases nitric oxide levels and has hepatoprotective potential during A/L administration. A high level of copper was observed which may be detrimental during high daily consumptions of UNCP.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and organ protective effects of Schumanniophyton magnificum stem bark aqueous extract in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Franck Armel Kepta ◽  
Fabrice Mba Medou ◽  
Nyemb Nyunaï ◽  
Theodora Kopa Kowa ◽  
Aurelie Nguimmo-Metsadjio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Uric Acid Concentration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Schumanniophyton magnificum stem bark aqueous extract in dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistant male rats. Firstly, a phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract was carried out. Thereafter, using acute and subacute studies (11 days), the effect of the extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated on dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemic rats. Glycemia was measured before and after treatment in both studies. Histological examinations for isolated liver, kidneys, and pancreas were performed, body and the weight of some internal organs was determined. The biochemical assay in the blood samples was performed only for the subacute study. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, gallic tannins, coumarins, and anthraquinones. In both studies, Schumanniophyton magnificum stem bark aqueous extract reduced the glucose blood Area under the Curve produced by dexamethasone injection. The extract, as well as glibenclamide significantly lowered the dexamethasone-induced increase in transaminases activities and uric acid concentration. Superoxide dismutase activity increased in all extract and glibenclamide groups compared to the dexamethasone group. The extract effect on the glutathione concentration was dose-dependent (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). The histology of organs from rats treated with dexamethasone revealed hepatic cytolysis, leukocyte infiltration, and islet hypotrophy. The extract nd glibenclamide-treated groups had fewer or no anomalies observed with dexamethasone administration. Aqueous extract of S. magnificum stem bark protects against dexamethasone-induced pancreatic and hepatorenal abnormalities, probably due to the antioxidant properties of the chemical groups present in this extract.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening of Cinnamon Cassia and Its Protective Effects Against Hepatotoxicity Induced By Difenoconazole in Male Albino Rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda El-shaat Mohamed ◽  
Magdy M. El-Said ◽  
Mohamed M. H. Arief
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Markers

Abstract The objective of the present study has focused on the phytochemical analysis of Cinnamon cassia bark for determination of bioactive components, which have been associated with antioxidative stress induced by difenoconazole treatment in hepatic tissue of male albino rats. Ninety rats were assigned randomly to 9 groups, each group comprised of 10 animals. The first group served as control animals were administrated distilled water and the rest served as the experimental groups. Groups II and III animals were orally administrated with difenoconazole at doses of 58.9 and 117.8 mg/kg BW (represent of 1/20 and 1/10 of oral LD 50 , respectively) while the groups IV and V animals were received aqueous extract of cinnamon (AEC) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW , respectively . In addition groups VI and VII, animals were received AEC prior to 2h of administration with difenoconazole at low dose as well as groups VIII and IX, rats were received with AEC before treatments with high dose of difenoconazole for 28 days. Results of the present study indicated the presence of total phenolic, flavinoids and tannins as the main bioactive components in the AEC. Furthermore, the final body weight and liver index were increased markedly in difenoconazole-treated rats and these parameters values were comparable to control group following co-administration with AEC. However, difenoconazole-treatment induced a significant elevation in the level of (LPO) associated with adepletion of GSH level and an elevation in the activities of serum liver enzyme markers (i.e., AST ,ALT,ALP and GGT) was observed. These results confirmed with histopatlogical findings . In contrast, treatment with AEC in difenoconazole-treated rats elevated the level of endogenous hepatic antioxidant system (SOD, CAT and GSH) along with reducing the activities of serum liver enzymes. However, the hepatic protective property of AEC was further confirmed by histopathological findings. These findings may be attributed to the presence of total phenolic , flavoniods and tannins , which have anti-oxidative effect against oxidative injury- induced by tested fungicide.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DI INDUKSI ALOKSAN

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Raynaldo M. Ludong ◽  
Edwin De Queljoe ◽  
Herny E. I. Simbala
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Sample Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sugar Levels

ABSTRACTThe result of phytochemical analysis showed that Pinang Yaki extracts contains tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoid. One of the compounds thought to have antidiabetic activity is flavonoids. Flavonoids are generally thought to regenerate pancreatic beta cell damage due to aloxan induction and can reduce blood glucose levels by stimulating pancreatic beta cell to produce insulin. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of areca nut extract to reduce blood sugar levels of male white wistar rats which are induced by aloxan. This Type of research is laboratory experiments using Complete Random Design (CRD). Twelve rats were divided into 4 treatment groups with each group consisting of 3 rats. The first group was the negative control group (K-) only given aquades, the second Group was positive control (K+) given metformin, group three was the sample treatment group (PS1) with an extract dose of 400 mg, and the sample treatment group (PS2) with an extract dose of 800 mg. Previously rats were examined the fasting blood sugar, then induced aloxan monohydrate dose of 150 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally, and blood sugar levels were examined once in every two days for 7 days. On the 8th  day extract was given and blood sugar levels were examined every two days until the 14th day. The result showed that extract of Pinang Yaki fruit at a dosage of 400 mg  and 800 mg had activities to reduce blood    sugar levels on the 8th to 14th day with a decrease of 38 mg/dL for the PS1 treatment groups and 29 mg/dL for the PS2 sample treatment group. Keywords  : Areca vestiaria, Rattus Norvegicus, Blood Sugar Levels, Flavonoids ABSTRAKHasil analisis Fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah Pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria) mengandung senyawa tanin, flavonoid dan triterpenoid. Salah satu senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes adalah flavonoid. Flavonoid secara umum diduga dapat meregenerasi kerusakan sel beta pankreas akibat induksi aloksan dan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan merangsang sel beta pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak buah Pinang Yaki terhadap Penurunan kadar gula darah tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang dinduksi aloksan. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dua belas ekor tikus di bagi kedalam 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus. Kelompok Pertama merupakan kelompok Kontrol negative (K-) dengan hanya di berikan aquades, kelompok kedua merupakan kontrol positif (K+) yang diberikan metformin, Kelompok tiga merupakan kelompok Perlakuan sampel (PS1) dengan dosis ekstrak 400 mg, dan kelompok perlakuan sampel (PS2) dengan dosis ekstrak 800 mg. Sebelumnya tikus dilakukan pemeriksan gula darah puasa, selanjutnya diinduksi aloksan monohidrat dosis 150 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal, dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah dua hari sekali selama 7 hari. Pada hari ke-8 dilakukan pemberian ekstrak dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah setiap dua hari sekali sampai hari ke-14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah pinang yaki dosis 400 mg dan 800 mg memiliki aktivitas menurunkan kadar gula darah pada hari ke-8 sampai hari ke-14 dengan penurunan sebesar 38 mg/dL untuk kelompok perlakuan sampel PS1 dan 29 mg/dL untuk kelompok perlakuan sampel PS2. Kata kunci  : Areca vestiaria, Rattus norvegicus, Kadar Gula Darah, Flavonoid

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Cinnamon, Cinnamaldehyde and Kaempferol against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury and Apoptosis in Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Zulfia Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Cinnamon Extract

Liver diseases are among the major health problems in Pakistan. The present study investigated the mechanism of hepatoprotection by cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde and kaempferol in Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed for standardization of cinnamon ethanolic extract. For in-vivo evaluation, Balb/c mice were administered with cinnamon extract (200 mg/kg i.g.), cinnamaldehyde (10 mg/kg i.g.) and kaempferol (10 mg/kg i.g.) for 14 days followed by administration of APAP (200 mg/kg i.p.). At the end of trial, mice were dissected, and blood, liver and spleen samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological and apoptotic genes expression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed for significance of results. The results showed that the hepatic damage due to APAP administration for 8 hours in mice was apparent with increased severity. Cinnamon extract, cinnamaldehyde and kaempferol pretreatment suggested ameliorative effects on organ injury induced by APAP by decreasing the elevated serum levels of total proteins and bilirubin. In addition, APAP exerted severe alterations on liver histology without affecting spleen histology alongwith upregulation of Bad, Bax and Caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2. However, cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde and kaempferol pretreatment ameliorated APAPinduced liver alterations and apoptosis, possibly through their antioxidant activity. In addition, cinnamaldehyde and kaempferol possessed comparable protective potential at 20-times less dose as compared to cinnamon extract alone, suggesting therapeutic potential at lower dose in APAP-induced liver injury and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Methanol Extract of Azanza garckeana Fruit Pulps Protects against Formalin-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Adult Albino Male Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Bukata B. Bukar ◽  
Faith Ezeh ◽  
Sunday Y. Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Testicular Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Introduction: The aqueous extract of Azanza garckeana was recently reported of exhibiting ameliorative and pro-fertility properties however the protective effects on formalin testicular toxicity have not been studied. Objective: This study investigated the protective effect of methanol extract of Azanza garckeana on formalin-induced testicular toxicity. Methods: Forty male albino mice were randomly divided into 8 groups of 5. Animals in the first group (1) served as control and administered normal saline (1 ml/kg) by the oral route daily for 40 days. In similar manner, animal in groups 2 received formalin (10 mg/kg) by the IP route, while animals in groups 3; 4 and 5 concurrently received formalin (10 mg/kg IP) and extract at doses of 125; 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively by the oral route. Mice in groups 6; 7 and 8 received the extract at doses of 125; 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Phytochemical analysis was conducted for each constituent using specific methods. Gonadotropin and sperm analysis were carried out using standard methods. Result: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various constituents, but notably flavonoids. Induced-toxicity with formalin and concurrent treatment with extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg from day 20 to 40 caused significant body weight increase compared to baseline (p < 0.05).  Similarly, treatment with the extract alone at all doses caused significant increase in body weight from day 20 to 40 (p < 0.05). Treatment with the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg, caused a significant increase in weight of testes and epididymis compared to control and untreated group (p < 0.05).The extract induced significant increase in gonadotropin levels of animals compared to control and the untreated group (p < 0.05).The extract at 125 mg/kg demonstrated the highest fecundity potential, but there was no any consistent relationship between GSI and fecundity. Conclusion: This investigation was able to establish the protective and pro-fertility potentials of methanol extract of Azanza garckeana.

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