An analysis of Bundesliga matches before and after social distancing by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo A P Santana ◽  
Otavio Baggiotto Bettega ◽  
Rodolfo André Dellagrana
Keyword(s):  
Social Distancing ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Reduction in mobility and COVID-19 transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Nouvellet ◽  
Sangeeta Bhatia ◽  
Anne Cori ◽  
Kylie E. C. Ainslie ◽  
Marc Baguelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Strict Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Lower Transmission ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have sought to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission by restricting population movement through social distancing interventions, thus reducing the number of contacts. Mobility data represent an important proxy measure of social distancing, and here, we characterise the relationship between transmission and mobility for 52 countries around the world. Transmission significantly decreased with the initial reduction in mobility in 73% of the countries analysed, but we found evidence of decoupling of transmission and mobility following the relaxation of strict control measures for 80% of countries. For the majority of countries, mobility explained a substantial proportion of the variation in transmissibility (median adjusted R-squared: 48%, interquartile range - IQR - across countries [27–77%]). Where a change in the relationship occurred, predictive ability decreased after the relaxation; from a median adjusted R-squared of 74% (IQR across countries [49–91%]) pre-relaxation, to a median adjusted R-squared of 30% (IQR across countries [12–48%]) post-relaxation. In countries with a clear relationship between mobility and transmission both before and after strict control measures were relaxed, mobility was associated with lower transmission rates after control measures were relaxed indicating that the beneficial effects of ongoing social distancing behaviours were substantial.

SOCIAL DISTANCING INFLUENCE IN THE PANDEMIC OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENTIFIC, PRACTICAL AND EDUCATION VIDEOCONFERENCES AND WEBINARS IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Budaragin ◽  
◽  
M.A. Zakharova ◽  
Е.Е. Shigan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Scientific Practical

Abstract. Global changes in the world with the emergence of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, followed by social distancing, have led to a powerful development of Internet resources for continuing education, performing work duties and doing business. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative conduct of domestic scientific and educational online events on the problem of maintaining occupational health and ensuring safety at the workplace before and after the introduction of the period of quarantine measures has been carried out. The options for using various options for platforms and resources for remote communication and work, gaining practical knowledge and exchange of scientific experience are considered.

scholarly journals Has it done properly? The Difference between Before and After Social Distancing’s Policy Implementation in Controlling Covid-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 12031
Author(s):  
Rony Darmawansyah Alnur ◽  
Meita Veruswati ◽  
Al Asyary
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Difference

Social distancing shall be effective to control Covid-19 spread. However, its effectiveness is doubtfully due to late response of authority in a low-resource setting such as Indonesia. This study aims to present the effectiveness of large-sale social restriction (LSSR) as the social distancing policy by analyze the chronological as well as the difference between before and after LSSR implementation in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health and the local government of Jakarta. Two statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence and suspect. These Covid-19 statuses were presented in daily rates with pre and post of LSSR policy in Jakarta, Indonesia. LSSR policy had just implemented over a month after the first multiple cases found. The number of positive confirmed patients increased significantly after the LSSR (p-value = 0.000; mean difference = -70.532). This study’s findings showed that social distancing was not effective to control Covid-19 incidence which indicates the late response of the authorities.

scholarly journals Distinct Circadian Assessments From Wearable Data Reveal Social Distancing Promoted Internal Desynchrony Between Circadian Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitong Huang ◽  
Caleb Mayer ◽  
Olivia J. Walch ◽  
Clark Bowman ◽  
Srijan Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data

Mobile measures of human circadian rhythms (CR) are needed in the age of chronotherapy. Two wearable measures of CR have recently been validated: one that uses heart rate to extract circadian rhythms that originate in the sinoatrial node of the heart, and another that uses activity to predict the laboratory gold standard and central circadian pacemaker marker, dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). We first find that the heart rate markers of normal real-world individuals align with laboratory DLMO measurements when we account for heart rate phase error. Next, we expand upon previous work that has examined sleep patterns or chronotypes during the COVID-19 lockdown by studying the effects of social distancing on circadian rhythms. In particular, using data collected from the Social Rhythms app, a mobile application where individuals upload their wearable data and receive reports on their circadian rhythms, we compared the two circadian phase estimates before and after social distancing. Interestingly, we found that the lockdown had different effects on the two ambulatory measurements. Before the lockdown, the two measures aligned, as predicted by laboratory data. After the lockdown, when circadian timekeeping signals were blunted, these measures diverged in 70% of subjects (with circadian rhythms in heart rate, or CRHR, becoming delayed). Thus, while either approach can measure circadian rhythms, both are needed to understand internal desynchrony. We also argue that interventions may be needed in future lockdowns to better align separate circadian rhythms in the body.

Changes in prescribing of oral capecitabine versus intravenous (IV) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18596-e18596
Author(s):  
Yasin Civelek ◽  
Daniel Cullen ◽  
David Joseph Debono ◽  
Michael Jordan Fisch ◽  
John Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Oral Capecitabine ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gi Cancers

e18596 Background: Several oncology guidelines recommend using oral drugs vs. IV to minimize COVID-19 risk for patients with cancer. We examined the association between prescribing patterns of oral capecitabine vs. IV 5FU for GI cancers and social distancing, measured by the change in population mobility patterns in response to shelter-in place policies, during the pandemic. Methods: Using claims data for commercially insured members, we included patients 18 years of age or older with colorectal, gastroesophageal, or pancreatic cancer, who had continuous health plan coverage for at least 2 months before and 1 month after initiating chemotherapy with capecitabine or 5-FU from January 2017 to August 2020. We analyzed unadjusted trends in proportion of chemotherapy that was oral during pandemic (March 1st to August 31st, 2020) compared to previous years. Then, we conducted difference-in-differences analysis using COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, by Google, and utilizing different levels of changes in mobility trends across states over time. In our main model, we used a 20% decrease in retail and recreation visits as our threshold and compared the prescribing rates in states below and above the threshold as well as before and after the pandemic began. We also used different thresholds and categories of places to check the sensitivity of our findings. Models are adjusted for age, gender, month of year, urban status, comorbidities, and state of residence at chemotherapy start date. Results: A total of 17,414 nationally distributed patients (69% colorectal, 13% gastroesophageal, 18% pancreatic) were included (mean age, 58.8 years; 41% female). During the pandemic, 1,875 patients (65% colorectal, 15% gastroesophageal, 20% pancreatic) were identified. The proportion of oral regimens did not change significantly for colorectal and gastroesophageal patients and decreased by 7.4 percentage points (pp) (p < 0.01) for pancreatic patients. In regression modelling with mobility data, oral prescribing rates for colorectal patients increased by 3.1 pp (p < 0.01), largely driven by increases for female patients (9.2 pp, p = 0.02). We observed a decrease in oral prescribing rates among pancreatic patients (-1.20 pp, p = 0.04) and did not observe a significant change for gastroesophageal patients. Our results are not sensitive to different social distancing specifications. Conclusions: We observed differential impact of the pandemic on oral prescribing rates by GI cancer type and gender. Oral prescribing increased among colorectal cancer patients driven mostly by higher oral prescribing in females. For pancreatic and gastroesophageal patients, oral prescriptions either remained unchanged or decreased. This observation may reflect a variable impact of the pandemic on women as compared to men and might involve heightened caregiving responsibilities for women.

scholarly journals The Immediate Effect of COVID-19 Policies on Social-Distancing Behavior in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahi Abouk ◽  
Babak Heydari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Before And After ◽  
At Home

Objective Although anecdotal evidence indicates the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social-distancing policies, their effectiveness in relation to what is driven by public awareness and voluntary actions needs to be determined. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 6 most common social-distancing policies in the United States (statewide stay-at-home orders, limited stay-at-home orders, nonessential business closures, bans on large gatherings, school closure mandates, and limits on restaurants and bars) during the early stage of the pandemic. Methods We applied difference-in-differences and event-study methodologies to evaluate the effect of the 6 social-distancing policies on Google-released aggregated, anonymized daily location data on movement trends over time by state for all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 6 location categories: retail and recreation, grocery stores and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residences. We compared the outcome of interest in states that adopted COVID-19–related policies with states that did not adopt such policies, before and after these policies took effect during February 15–April 25, 2020. Results Statewide stay-at-home orders had the strongest effect on reducing out-of-home mobility and increased the time people spent at home by an estimated 2.5 percentage points (15.2%) from before to after policies took effect. Limits on restaurants and bars ranked second and resulted in an increase in presence at home by an estimated 1.4 percentage points (8.5%). The other 4 policies did not significantly reduce mobility. Conclusion Statewide stay-at-home orders and limits on bars and restaurants were most closely linked to reduced mobility in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the potential benefits of other such policies may have already been reaped from voluntary social distancing. Further research is needed to understand how the effect of social-distancing policies changes as voluntary social distancing wanes during later stages of a pandemic.

scholarly journals Changes in Acute Respiratory Infection Before and After COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e11
Author(s):  
Hyemin Jung ◽  
Seol-hee Chung ◽  
Han-Sang Kim ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
EunKyo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Medical Utilization ◽  
National Database ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Visits

Objective: During the outbreak of COVID-19,several coping strategies were implemented including strengthened social distancing, wearing masks and hand hygiene. Thisinfection control method might have been effective for other respiratory infections; however, it had not yet been clearly revealed. Therefore,we investigatedwhetherthe incidence of infectious respiratory diseases has reduced after excluding the effect of decreased medical utilization because of COVID-19 control measures.Design or methods: We used the Korean national claims data and analyzed incidences of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and diseases except ARI. The incidence rates of winter 2019 and 2020 were compared.Results: Excluding ARI,the reduction in overall hospital visits decreased by only 2%; however,the number of visits due to ARI decreased by 13%, and the number of visits due to influenza particularly decreased by 26%.Conclusions: Using national database, this study confirmed that a significant reduction in ARI, including influenza, occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection control measures including nationally enforced social distancing may be effective in controlling the transmission of other respiratory infections. Further studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship.

scholarly journals Comparison of mental health service activity before and shortly after UK social distancing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: February-March 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stewart ◽  
Evangelia Martin ◽  
Ioannis Bakolis ◽  
Matthew Broadbent ◽  
Nicola Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Service Activity

This study sought to provide an early description of mental health service activity before and after national implementation of social distancing for COVID-19. A time series analysis was carried out of daily service-level activity on data from a large mental healthcare provider in southeast London, from 01.02.2020 to 31.03.2020, comparing activity before and after 16.03.2020: i) inpatient admissions, discharges and numbers, ii) contact numbers and daily caseloads (Liaison, Home Treatment Teams, Community Mental Health Teams); iii) numbers of deaths for past and present patients. Daily face-to-face contact numbers fell for liaison, home treatment and community services with incomplete compensatory rises in non-face-to-face contacts. Daily caseloads fell for all services, apart from working age and child/adolescent community teams. Inpatient numbers fell 13.6% after 16th March, and daily numbers of deaths increased by 61.8%.

scholarly journals Negative Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Home Integration, Community Integration, and Productive Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-361
Author(s):  
Elyas Monfared ◽  
◽  
Mohsen Vahedi ◽  
Hojjat Allah Haghgoo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Participation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Social participation in daily living the activities requires the maintenance of a variety of social relationships with others and engagement in various social activities. Proper social participation increases the feeling of attachment, provides a stable sense of identity, and increases one’s sense of worth, belonging, and dependence on society. Lack of social participation leads to anxiety, loneliness, depression, panic, mental disorders and many other mental problems and affects society in general. A new coronavirus, called COVID-19, was identified in late December 2019 in China. After just one year, it has been reportedly infected more than 85 million people (up to January 1, 2021) worldwide, and more than 1.8 million have died. Two public health measures to break the transmission chain include quarantine and social distancing. These measures restrict gatherings or separate individuals. Due to these measures in many countries, people’s participation in many social activities has been disrupted. The purpose of this study is to survey the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on home integration, community integration and productive activities. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2020 by using the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) which measures home integration, community integration, and productive activities, along with a demographic form which were sent to 461 participants in Iran (Mean ±SD age= 36.86±5.8 years) on WhatsApp or via email and completed online. Participants were selected from among college students, patients, people with disabilities, their families and relatives, and others who could use smartphones, computers, tablets, and laptops. The effects of Covid-19 were evaluated by analyzing the CIQ scores before and after the pandemic in SPSS v. 22 software. Results: Comparing the CIQ scores before and after the pandemic, results showed that it significantly reduced home integration (P<0.0001), social integration (P<0.0001), productive activities (P<0.0001) and total score (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social life of people. In addition to health threats of this disease, the fear of being infected and losing loved ones, job, educational opportunities, recreation, freedom and support, have profound psychological effects. Not only getting infected, but also the fear of getting infected can lead to a lack of access to resources that can improve people’s resistance to this disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has direct and indirect psychological and social effects and can affect mental health. In order to reduce the negative psychosocial effects of quarantine and social distancing, the implementation of national strategies to promote social participation by Information and Communication Technology-based programs is recommended.

scholarly journals Acute Stroke in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2224-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Hoyer ◽  
Anne Ebert ◽  
Hagen B. Huttner ◽  
Volker Puetz ◽  
Bernd Kallmünzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: This study aims to assess the number of patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular events seeking in-patient medical emergency care since the implementation of social distancing measures in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, data on the number of hospital admissions due to acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and numbers of reperfusion therapies performed in weeks 1 to 15 of 2020 and 2019 were collected in 4 German academic stroke centers. Poisson regression was used to test for a change in admission rates before and after the implementation of extensive social distancing measures in week 12 of 2020. The analysis of anonymized regional mobility data allowed for correlations between changes in public mobility as measured by the number and length of trips taken and hospital admission for stroke/transient ischemic attack. Results: Only little variation of admission rates was observed before and after week 11 in 2019 and between the weeks 1 and 11 of 2019 and 2020. However, reflecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decrease in the number of admissions for transient ischemic attack was observed (−85%, −46%, −42%) in 3 of 4 centers, while in 2 of 4 centers, stroke admission rates decreased significantly by 40% and 46% after week 12 in 2020. A relevant effect on reperfusion therapies was found for 1 center only (thrombolysis, −60%; thrombectomy, −61%). Positive correlations between number of ischemic events and mobility measures in the corresponding cities were identified for 3 of 4 centers. Conclusions: These data demonstrate and quantify decreasing hospital admissions due to ischemic cerebrovascular events and suggest that this may be a consequence of social distancing measures, in particular because hospital resources for acute stroke care were not limited during this period. Hence, raising public awareness is necessary to avoid serious healthcare and economic consequences of undiagnosed and untreated strokes and transient ischemic attacks.

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