scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the building design of a new test house in Nuuk, Greenland

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012228
Author(s):  
E B Møller ◽  
T Lading
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Heated Area ◽  
Test House

Abstract DTU has established a single-family three-level test house in Nuuk, Greenland. The main idea of the house was to have a relatively small heated area but a split building envelope, where a ventilated space behind the rain screen in some areas could be used as a sunroom. This paper describes the process of transforming the architectural ideas to a test building. Main issues have been how to design the rain screen and how to ventilate the space behind the rain screen.

Field temperature and moisture loads from a building envelope as the basis for accelerated aging of barrier membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 969-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Riahinezhad ◽  
Augusta Eve ◽  
Marianne Armstrong ◽  
Peter Collins ◽  
J.-F. Masson
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Materials Used

Temperature and relative humidity (RH) data within the building envelope of a single-family home at the National Research Council of Canada’s Canadian Centre for Housing Technology were collected over five years. We report on the distribution, rate of change, and the limits of temperature and moisture variations for south-easting wall and south-facing wall and roof systems to better understand the in-situ environmental conditions to which building materials and components typical of homes in North America may be subjected. Over an average year, wall temperature varied from −25 °C to +45 °C, and temperature followed a bimodal distribution, with maxima at 0 °C to 5 °C and 15 °C to 20 °C. Each maximum represented about 1100 h of field exposure. Roof temperatures, which spanned a temperature range from −35 °C to 75 °C, did not show a Gaussian distribution but were characterized as being multi-modal. From values of temperature and RH, absolute moisture contents within the building envelope were found to range between 1 and 55 g/m3, with the most common values being 6–8 g/m3. The application of this information is discussed and related to the development of realistic accelerated aging conditions to obtain a more accurate durability assessment of building envelope materials used in Canadian dwellings.

scholarly journals Comfort within Budget: Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Envelope Improvements in Single-Family Affordable Housing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3054
Author(s):  
Renata Tubelo ◽  
Lucelia Rodrigues ◽  
Mark Gillott ◽  
May Zune
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In Brazil, the delivery of homes for low-inc ome households is dictated by costs rather than performance. Issues such as the impact of climate change, affordability of operational energy use, and lack of energy security are not taken into account, even though they can severely impact the occupants. In this work, the authors evaluated the thermal performance of two affordable houses as-built and after the integration of envelope improvements. A new replicable method to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these improvements was proposed. The case study houses comprise the most common affordable housing type delivered widely across Brazil and a proposition of a better affordable housing solution, built in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, integrating passive design strategies to increase thermal comfort. The findings reveal a potential for improving indoor thermal conditions by up to 76% and 73%, respectively, if costs are not a concern, and 40% and 45% with a cost increase of 12% and 9% if a comfort criterion of 20–25 °C was considered. Equations to estimate costs of improvements in affordable housing were developed. The authors concluded that there is a great scope for building envelope optimisation, and that this is still possible without significant impact on budget.

scholarly journals The Impact of Aspect Ratio on External Heat Gain of Multi-storey Office Buildings in Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Wasiska Iyati ◽  
◽  
Eryani Nurma Yulita ◽  
Jusuf Thojib ◽  
Heru Sufianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
The Impact

The narrow land in big cities such as Jakarta, increases the amount of high rise building, especially multi-storey office building. Office building consumes much energy to provide air conditioning to meet the thermal comfort inside the building. On the other hand, the building shape, building envelope, and building orientation to the sun's position are the main factors in building design aspects that affect the amount of cooling load. This study aims to investigate the impact of the aspect ratio or the ratio of the longer dimension of an oblong plan to the shorter, on external heat gain of multi-storey office building. Variables examined include the transparent and solid area of building envelope, the total area of the surface of the building envelope in any orientation, and the volume of the building, as well as the influence of those proportion on the external heat gain. This study uses mathematical calculations to predict the cooling load of the building, particularly external heat gain through the walls, roof and glass, as well as comparative analysis of models studied. The study also aims to generate the design criteria of building form and proportion of multi-storey office buildings envelope with lower external heat gain. In Jakarta climatic conditions, the result on rectangular building plan with aspect ratio of 1 to 4 shows that the external heat gain did not differ significantly, and the smallest heat gain is found on the aspect ratio of 1.8. Results also showed that the greater aspect ratio, the greater reduction of external heat gain obtained by changing the orientation of the longest side facing east-west into the north-south, about 2.79% up to 42.14% on the aspect ratio of 1.1 to 4. In addition, it is known that in same building volume, changing the number of floors from 10 to 50 can improve the external heat gain almost twice.

scholarly journals INTENSITAS CAHAYA ALAMI PADA RUANG KELAS PERKULIAHAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muh. Awaluddin Hamdy ◽  
Nurul Jamala ◽  
Ramli Rahim ◽  
Baharuddin Hamzah ◽  
Rosady Mulyadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
Human Labor

Title: Natural Light Intensity Analysis in Classroom; Case Study: Classroom at Bosowa University Lighting is an important part of buildings in supporting the productivity of human labor. Insufficient lighting can interfere with human activities and could cause health problems, like eye disorders. Building design must consider the functions and needs so that residents can feel comfortable. Good lighting levels can be achieved by utilizing natural and artificial lighting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of illumination in a room that is directly related to the openings of the building envelope and to analyze the different levels of illumination in classrooms with different orientations. Quantitative research methods by distributing measurement data in the form of tables, diagrams and graphs. Data analysis was performed using statistics and data analysis techniques, the results of the measurement were statistically descriptive. This study analyzed the differences in the level of illumination in the northern orientation and southern orientation classrooms. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the orientation of the building affects the level of illumination in the room. During the day the level of illumination is higher in the direction of orientation north than the direction of orientation south, especially the measurement point in the area close to the openings of the building envelope, but in this study the direction of classroom orientation towards the south is higher the level of illumination compared to the north orientation classrooms. This is understood by the treatment of building glass sheaths in the north orientation direction in the form of the use of frosted glass wallpaper, so it can be concluded that changes to the building facade affect the level of room illumination. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in building facade concepts and designing energy-efficient buildings.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Techno-Economic Optimization of Design Parameters for Residential Buildings in Different Climate Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Georg Frey
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Load ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Climate Zones

The comprehensive approach for a building envelope design involves building performance simulations, which are time-consuming and require knowledge of complicated processes. In addition, climate variation makes the selection of these parameters more complex. The paper aims to establish guidelines for determining a single-family household’s unique optimal passive design in various climate zones worldwide. For this purpose, a bi-objective optimization is performed for twenty-four locations in twenty climates by coupling TRNSYS and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) using the Python program. The optimization process generates Pareto fronts of thermal load and investment cost to identify the optimum design options for the insulation level of the envelope, window aperture for passive cooling, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), shading fraction, radiation-based shading control, and building orientation. The goal is to find a feasible trade-off between thermal energy demand and the cost of thermal insulation. This is achieved using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) through criteria importance using intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results demonstrate that an optimal envelope design remarkably improves the thermal load compared to the base case of previous envelope design practices. However, the weather conditions strongly influence the design parameters. The research findings set a benchmark for energy-efficient household envelopes in the investigated climates. The optimal solution sets also provide a criterion for selecting the ranges of envelope design parameters according to the space heating and cooling demands of the climate zone.

scholarly journals Investigation of the life cycle carbon impact of passive house building envelopes in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Andres
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Standard Life ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
House Building ◽  
House Standard

Whole building energy and life cycle impact modeling was conducted for a single-family detached reference building designed to meet the Passive House Standard. Life cycle operating global warming potential (GWP) and building envelope embodied GWP were assessed for two mechanical system configurations and three Canadian cities. Variations in regional electricity carbon intensity were found to significantly impact both operating and embodied GWP. Embodied GWP was found to be significant relative to operating GWP in locations with access to low carbon electricity. Additionally, use of natural gas mechanical systems in Edmonton resulted in 360% greater operating emissions than in Montreal, while electric heat pump mechanicals yielded 6,600% higher emissions. Finally, the Passive House Standard method for quantifying operating GWP was found to overestimate emissions by up to 3700% in Montreal and underestimate emissions by 34% in Edmonton, when compared to a method accounting for variations in regional electricity carbon intensity.

The Simulation of Natural Ventilation of Buildings With Different Location of Windows/Openings

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Idris ◽  
B. P. Huynh ◽  
Z. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Numerical Predictions

Ventilation is a process of changing air in an enclosed space. Air should continuously be withdrawn and replaced by fresh air from a clean external source to maintain internal good air quality, which may referred to air quality within and around the building structures. In natural ventilation the air flow is due through cracks in the building envelope or purposely installed openings. Its can save significant amount of fossil fuel based energy by reducing the needs for mechanical ventilation and air conditioning. Numerical predictions of air velocities and the flow patterns inside the building are determined. To achieve optimum efficiency of natural ventilation, the building design should start from the climatic conditions and orography of the construction to ensure the building permeability to the outside airflow to absorb heat from indoors to reduce temperatures. Effective ventilation in a building will affects the occupant health and productivity. In this work, computational simulation is performed on a real-sized box-room with dimensions 5 m × 5 m × 5 m. Single-sided ventilation is considered whereby openings are located only on the same wall. Two opening of the total area 4 m2 are differently arranged, resulting in 16 configurations to be investigated. A logarithmic wind profile upwind of the building is employed. A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package CFD-ACE of ESI group is used. A Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence model & LES turbulence model are used to predict the air’s flow rate and air flow pattern. The governing equations for large eddy motion were obtained by filtering the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The computational domain was constructed had a height of 4H, width of 9H and length of 13H (H=5m), sufficiently large to avoid disturbance of air flow around the building. From the overall results, the lowest and the highest ventilation rates were obtained with windward opening and leeward opening respectively. The location and arrangement of opening affects ventilation and air flow pattern.

Estimate of Energy Performance Indicator of Existing Single-Family Houses in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-260
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Erdin Salihović ◽  
Nermina Zagora
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Collective Housing

Yielding from an overall quantitative study of the residential sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), this chapter concentrates on the ratio between single-family and collective housing, as well as on the urban-rural ratio of the single-family housing. Based on the data from the existing building stock (buildings built by 2014) and the statistical estimates, 23% of the buildings belong to the urban areas and 77% belong to the rural areas. The main goal was to study the correlation between the characteristics of the building envelope, the shape factor (A/V ratio) and the energy savings potential for the application of conventional measures of refurbishment of the building envelope of the single-family houses (type of buildings, which dominate in rural and urban areas). The chapter wraps up with recommendations for the adequate level of the energy performance indicator (energy need for heating) for the approved energy class for single-family houses located in the climate zone of the northern B&H.

scholarly journals Resilient optimal design of multi-family buildings in future climate scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bilardo ◽  
Maria Ferrara ◽  
Enrico Fabrizio
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
The Cost

In Europe, the second recast of EPBD promotes long-term strategies to accelerate the path to nZEBs, fostering the cost-optimized building design already suggested in the EPBD first recast. Since the nZEB design is a complex optimization problem that is subjected to uncertainty in its boundary conditions (climate, technologies, market, ...), it is necessary to guarantee the resilience of the NZEB optimal design to possible variations of future scenarios, especially as regards the climate change. This work applies the new EdeSSOpt methodology (Energy Demand and Supply Simultaneous Optimization) developed by the Authors aiming at investigating the variation of the cost-optimized multi-family building design in different Italian future climate scenarios, therefore considering parameters related to the building envelope, energy systems and renewable energy sources. The method is implemented into the TRNSYS® (energy model), GenOpt (optimizer) and WeatherShift® (future climate scenario generator) tools. The resulting cost-optimal solutions in future scenarios are related to a lower global cost and a decreased total primary energy consumption. Beyond the future trends of such performance indexes, the fact that most of technical solutions associated with the optimal solutions have not changed with the studied climate scenarios, indicates a certain resilience of the optimal design variables facing climate change.

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