scholarly journals Development and Application of Internal Circulating Water-cooled Electromagnetic Separator

2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
Juan Lu ◽  
Xiaolei Yan ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Jing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Electromagnetic Separator ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Application Prospects

Abstract For dusty and explosive use environment, especially in coal mines, mostly self-cooled and water-cooled electromagnetic iron separators are used. This article introduces the application of water cooling internal circulation technology to electromagnetic separator equipment for the first time, the advantages and disadvantages of the three cooling methods as well as the development process and application prospects of the internal circulating water-cooled electromagnetic separator are introduced and analyzed respectively.

Efficacy of Intraoperative Cooling Methods 

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Plattner ◽  
Andrea Kurz ◽  
Daniel I. Sessler ◽  
Takehiko Ikeda ◽  
Richard Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Core Cooling ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Cooling Methods

Background Patients may require perioperative cooling for a variety of reasons including treatment of a malignant hyperthermia crisis and induction of therapeutic hypothermia for neurosurgery. The authors compared heat transfer and core cooling rates with five cooling methods. Methods Six healthy volunteers were anesthetized with desflurane and nitrous oxide. The cooling methods were 1) circulating water (5 degrees C, full-length mattress and cover), 2) forced air (10 degrees C, full-length cover), 3) gastric lavage (500 ml iced water every 10 min), 4) bladder lavage (300 ml iced Ringer's solution every 10 min), and 5) ice-water immersion. Each method was applied for 40 min or until the volunteers' core temperatures approached 34 degrees C. The volunteers were rewarmed to normothermia between treatments. Core cooling rates were evaluated using linear regression. Results The first volunteer developed abdominal cramping and diarrhea after gastric lavage. Consequently, the technique was not again attempted. Bladder lavage increased heat loss approximately 10 W and decreased core temperature 0.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C/h (r2 = 0.99 +/- 0.002; means +/- SD). Forced-air and circulating-water cooling comparably increased heat flux, approximately 170 W. Consequently, core cooling rates were similar during the two treatments at 1.7 +/- 0.5 degrees C/h (r2 = 0.99 +/- 0.001) and 1.6 +/- 1.1 degrees C/h (r2 = 0.98 +/- 0.02), respectively. Immersion in an ice water slurry increased heat loss approximately 600-800 W and decreased core temperature 9.7 +/- 4.4 degrees C/h (r2 = 0.98 +/- 0.01). Immersion cooling was associated with an afterdrop of approximately 2 degrees C. Conclusions Bladder lavage provided only trivial cooling and gastric lavage provoked complications. Forced-air and circulating-water cooling transferred relatively little heat but are noninvasive and easy to implement. Forced-air or circulating-water cooling, perhaps combined with intravenous administration of refrigerated fluids, may be sufficient in some patients. When noninvasive methods prove insufficient for rapid cooling, ice-water immersion or peritoneal lavage probably should be the next lines of defense.

Genocide in Rwanda – Is It Really Finland's Concern?

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Kimpimäki
Keyword(s):  
National Court ◽  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Court Of First Instance ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn June 2010, a Rwandan citizen, Francois Bazaramba, was sentenced in a Finnish court of first instance, to life imprisonment for acts of genocide committed in Rwanda in 1994. This was the first time that the provisions of Finnish law dealing with genocide had ever been applied in a court. This article examines the details of this case, as well as the Finnish legislation on genocide, jurisdiction and extradition. Many of the questions considered in this article are not only typical for Finland, but have a more general bearing as well. For instance, the issues relating to the transfer or extradition of fugitives to Rwanda have recently been considered in several national and international jurisdictions. A trial conducted in a national court on the basis of universal jurisdiction reveals in a concrete way the advantages and disadvantages of this form of prosecution.

Analysis of Advanced Research Methods of Cement-Based Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Zi Ming Wang ◽  
Qian Jin Mao
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Application Prospects

The hydration of cement is known to be a complex phenomenon. Although the broad pattern of reactions and microstructural development are known, a number of important questions remain unanswered. How to select the proper techniques is what the research people think of for now. This paper reviewed the domestic and international research progress and presented the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the application prospects. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nanoindentation and electron microscopy techniques of cements were expounded in detail. Furthermore, through analyzing the results obtained by different research methods, the paper predicted the development prospect of advanced testing method of cement-based materials.

scholarly journals Diazocarbonyl and Related Compounds in the Synthesis of Azoles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2530
Author(s):  
Anton Budeev ◽  
Grigory Kantin ◽  
Dmitry Dar’in ◽  
Mikhail Krasavin
Keyword(s):  
Diazo Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Related Compounds

Diazocarbonyl compounds have found numerous applications in many areas of chemistry. Among the most developed fields of diazo chemistry is the preparation of azoles from diazo compounds. This approach represents a useful alternative to more conventional methods of the synthesis of azoles. A comprehensive review on the preparation of various azoles (oxazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, triazoles, and tetrazoles) from diazocarbonyl and related compounds is presented for the first time along with discussion of advantages and disadvantages of «diazo» approaches to azoles.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of High-Temperature Heat Treatment on the Microscopic Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Tight Sandstone

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Liangbin Dou ◽  
Guanli Shu ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Jinqing Bao ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
High Temperature Heat Treatment ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cooling Methods

The investigation of changes in physical properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic pore structure characteristics of tight sandstone after high-temperature heat treatment provides a theoretical basis for plugging removal and stimulation techniques, such as high energy gas fracturing and explosive fracturing. In this study, core samples, taken from tight sandstone reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, were first heated to different temperatures (25-800°C) and then cooled separately by two distinct cooling methods—synthetic formation water cooling and natural cooling. The variations of wave velocity, permeability, tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, and microscopic pore structure of the core samples were analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that, with the rise of heat treatment temperature, the wave velocity and tensile strength of tight sandstone decrease nonlinearly, yet its permeability increases nonlinearly. The tight sandstone’s peak strength and elastic modulus exhibit a trend of the first climbing and then declining sharply with increasing temperature. After being treated by heat at different temperatures, the number of small pores varies little, but the number of large pores increases obviously. Compared to natural cooling, the values of physical and mechanical properties of core samples treated by synthetic formation water cooling are apparently smaller, whereas the size and number of pores are greater. It can be explained that water cooling brings about a dramatic reduction of tight sandstone’s surface temperature, generating additional thermal stress and intensifying internal damage to the core. For different cooling methods, the higher the core temperature before cooling, the greater the thermal stress and the degree of damage caused during the cooling process. By taking into consideration of changes in physical properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic pore structure characteristics, the threshold temperature of tight sandstone is estimated in the range of 400-600°C.

scholarly journals STRESSES IN ANVILS OF VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION OF CONTINUOUS CASTING AND DEFORMATION PLANT AT PRODUCTION OF SHEETS FROM STEEL FOR WELDED PIPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
O. S. Lekhov ◽  
A. V. Mikhalev ◽  
M. M. Shevelev
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Deformation Process ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Pipe Plant ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Thermoelastic Stresses

A comparative assessment of strenuous state of the anvils with and without channels has been carried out for the installation of combined continuous casting and deformation process in the production of steel sheets for welded pipes. The conditions of operation and loading of the anvils of combined continuous casting and deformation process are described. The design of anvil with channels for water cooling and the nature of its loading are given. Using the algorithm for solving problems in the elasticity theory by finite element method, the laws governing the distribution of axial stresses in anvils from the slab reduction force are determined. Effect of the channels for anvils cooling with water on the magnitude and nature of stresses distribution in them from the stress of the slab reduction was estimated. The calculation results of temperature fields and axial and equivalent thermoelastic stresses in anvils with channels are presented for the production process of steel sheets for welded pipes in a combined continuous casting and deformation unit. The article considers regularities of total stresses distribution in anvils with channels. To assess the effect of anvils structure on their stress state, regularities of distribution of thermoelastic and total stresses in strands without channels have been determined. The graph of dependence of thermoelastic stresses in the anvil on temperature of its contact surface is given. Recommendations for choosing the material of the fighters are given. The advantages and disadvantages of the anvils with channels for the unit for combined continuous casting and deformation are described. The parameters of such a pilot installation are presented. The authors also describe the results of an experimental study of the parameters of a combined process at the manufacture installation for continuous casting and deformation of JSC Ural Pipe Plant.

Comparative experimental study on physical and mechanical properties of quartz sandstone after water-cooling and natural-cooling under high temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-181
Author(s):  
Haopeng Jiang ◽  
Annan Jiang ◽  
Fengrui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cooling Methods

Experimental tests were conducted to study the influence of natural cooling and water cooling on the physical and mechanical properties of quartz sandstone. This study aims to understand the effect of different cooling methods on the physical and mechanical properties of quartz sandstone (such as mass, volume, density, P-wave velocity, elastic modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, etc.). The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus(E) of the specimens cooled by natural-cooling and water-cooling decrease with heating temperature. At 800℃, after natural cooling and water cooling, the average value of UCS decreased by 34.65% and 57.90%, and the average value of E decreased by 87.66% and 89.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to capture the development of microcracks and pores within the specimens after natural-cooling and water-cooling, and it was found that at the same temperature, water cooling treatment was more likely to cause microcracks and pores, which can cause more serious damage to the quartz sandstone. These results confirm that different cooling methods have different effects on the physical and mechanical properties of quartz sandstone, and provide a basis for the stability prediction of rock mass engineering such as tunnel suffering from fire.

Corrosion Resistance of Industrial Pure Titanium and its Alloys under High Temperature and Different Cooling Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Cang Tian Wang ◽  
Qing Long Meng ◽  
Fang Hao Chen ◽  
Jing Hong Wang ◽  
You Ran Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Chemical Equipment ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Corrosion Condition ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Cooling Methods

Industrial pure titanium (TA2) and Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) have been widely available for chemical equipment. However, the corrosion resistance changes during their post-fire performance. In this research, the electrochemical properties of industrial pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V after heat treatment and different cooling methods were analyzed by AC impedance technique and dynamic polarization method. The results support two conclusions. Firstly, when the temperature is approximate to the phase transition point, for pure titanium and its alloys, water-cooling can obtain better corrosion resistance than air-cooling. With regard to pure titanium, its best corrosion resistance can be obtained at 800°C under water-cooling. For Ti-6Al-4V, its best corrosion resistance can be obtained when the temperature reached 910 °C under water cooling condition. Secondly, the corrosion current density under acid corrosion condition has risen compared with neutral corrosion condition. These results can provide some experimental data and theoretical basis for post-fire anticorrosion performance of titanium materials, and also support the safety, risk evaluation of titanium equipment.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Monolithic Catalysts: Comparison of the Traditional and the Novel Green Methods

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexuan Wang ◽  
Kunfeng Zhao ◽  
Bei Xiao ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Dannong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Monolithic Catalysts ◽  
Mass And Heat Transfer ◽  
Application Prospects

Monolithic catalysts have great industrial application prospects compared to powdered catalysts due to their low pressure drop, the high efficiency of mass and heat transfer, and recyclability. Deposition of active phases on the monolithic carriers dramatically increases the utilization rate and has been attracting continuous attention. In this paper, we reviewed the traditional (impregnation, coating, and spraying) and novel (hydrothermal and electrodeposition) strategies of surface deposition integration, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both ways, and then prospected the possible directions for future development of integration technologies.

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