scholarly journals The biodiversity of production traits as the basis for selection of Chaenomeles Lindl. in Tambov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Yu A Fedulova ◽  
A G Kuklina ◽  
A V Verzilin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
High Vitamin ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the biodiversity of morphological and biochemical traits that are important for the breeding process. We used 14 varieties of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae) tested at the biological station of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University in the Tambov Region. The data on the decorative qualities of flowers are presented. The presence of various colors of the corolla, simple and semi-double flowers are shown. The analysis of the ranges of variability of such traits as the length and weight of fruits, the content of dry matter, sugars, titratable acids, ascorbic acid and catechins was carried out. The conclusion is made about the presence of biodiversity in the Chaenomeles gene pool, which makes it possible to continue the selection of universal varieties used for decorative purposes and as a high-vitamin fruit crop.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of tomato fruits of various colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-527
Author(s):  
A. B. Kurina ◽  
A. E. Solovieva ◽  
I. A. Khrapalova ◽  
A. M. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is an economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crop that is consumed both fresh and processed. The nutritional value of tomato fruits is related to the content of carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Currently, there is a growing interest in the qualitative and quantitative increase in the content of health-promoting compounds in tomato fruits. VIR Lycopersicon (Tourn.) Mill. genetic resources collection includes 7678 accessions of one cultivated and nine wild species, which in turn provides ample opportunities for searching for information on the variability of the content of biologically active substances and searching for sources with a high content of them in the gene pool. Our work presents the results of the study of 70 accessions of cultivated and wild tomato on the main biochemical characteristics: the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, chlorophylls and anthocyanins. As the basis for the selection of accessions for the study, accessions with various colors of fruits, including new accessions with varying content of anthocyanin, were taken. As a result of this study, the amplitude of variability in the content of dry matter (3.72–8.88 and 9.62–11.33 %), sugars (1.50–5.65 and 2.20–2.70 %), ascorbic acid (12.40–35.56 and 23.62– 28.14 mg/100 g), titratable acidity (0.14–0.46 and 0.33–0.48 %), chlorophylls (0.14–5.11 and 2.95–4.57 mg/100 g), carotenoids (0.97–99.86 and 1.03–10.06 mg/100 g) and anthocyanins (3.00–588.86 and 84.31–152.71 mg/100 g) in the fruits of cultivated and wild tomatoes, respectively, was determined. We have determined correlations between the content of dry matter and monosaccharides (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05), total sugars (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.05) and ascorbic acid (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05); the content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.05). A high dependence of the content of chlorophyll a and b among themselves (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the content of chlorophyll b and anthocyanins (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.05), the content of β-carotene (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05) and the content of monosaccharides (r = –0.29, p ≤ 0.05) has been noted. We have identif ied tomato accessions with a high content of individual chemical substances, as well as with a complex of traits that can be used as sources in breeding for a high content of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, pigments and anthocyanins.

Agricultural practices of improve hardiness a winter-annual rape

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
O.L. Kyrylesko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Careful Preparation ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Selection Of

Influence of top-dressing is considered in the article, norms and terms of sowing on of winter-annual rape. The assessment conducted by the yield of green mass and seeds, output capacity by about 1 hectare of dry matter, feed units and digestible protein, the number of dead plants and density of herbage. Established that hardiness and productivity of winter rape can be enhanced through the use of farming practices as: by creating a moderate density of herbage, using optimal terms of planting and doses of mineral fertilizers, selection of predecessors and careful preparation of the soil ect. The mechanism of influence of agrotechnical receptions is exposed on of winter-annual rape through determination in roots before the offensive of the winter of separate biochemical indexes (sugar, starch, to protein).

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

Rumen degradation of straw 4. Selection and degradation of morphological components of barley straw by sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhargava ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
T. K. Walli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractExperiments were made to study the proportion, chemical composition, and rumen degradability of the morphological components of barley straw (Corgi variety) and to study the selection of these components by sheep. The proportions in the harvested straw dry matter (DM) as leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem and chaff were 128, 314, 500 and 58 g/kg DM, respectively. The different components of straw on analysis proved to have very different concentrations of nitrogen and neutral-detergent cellulase digestibility. The leaf blades had the highest and the stems the lowest values. The degradabilities of DM in the components and in the whole straw were determined by measuring DM loss from samples incubated in nylon bags for various periods in the rumen of sheep. Responses were measured using the mathematical model p = a+b (1–e−ct) where p is DM loss, (a+b) potential degradability, c the rate constant of DM loss and t is the time of incubation. DM losses decreased in the order leaf blades > leaf sheath > whole plant > chaff > stems. Leaf blades also had the highest potential degradability and rate of degradation.In another trial, five sheep were offered unchopped barley straw ad libitum. There were five treatment periods in which sheep were allowed to leave uneaten proportionately 0·2, 0·3, 0·4, 0·5 and 0·7 of the straw on offer for assessing the animal's selection of the morphological components of that straw. The amount of leaf blade in the material consumed increased in largely a linear (P < 0·01) fashion with the amount of excess allowance. The proportion of stem eaten varied conversely. The selection of leaf sheath was less apparent. Little stem was consumed until the proportion of leaf blade in the food available decreased below proportionately 0·4. The practical significance of the study is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of holding period prior to storage on the chemical attributes of Starking Delicious apples during refrigerated storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Aynur Batkan ◽  
Akif Kundakçi ◽  
Bülent Ergönül
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chemical Attributes

In this research, the effects of three different holding periods (6, 12 and 24 hours) prior to storage on the quality attributes of Starking Delicious apples were investigated during storage of 8 months at 0.5 ± 1.0 ºC. Changes in weight loss, flesh firmness, pH values, soluble dry matter amount, titratable acidity values, ascorbic acid contents, and total and reducing sugar content were determined. According to the results, the holding period showed statistically significant changes in the quality attributes of the apples (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of the Phytochemical and Antioxidant activities of the leaves, stems, roots, and seeds extracts of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc (Rubiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Wacothon Karime Coulibaly
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Extracts of the leaves, stem, roots, and seeds of <em>Mitracarpus scaber</em> plants have been thoroughly investigated in an attempt to determine their phytochemical and antioxidant activities.<em> </em>Phytochemical screening carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in all the selective extracts of the plant. The levels of phenolic compounds showed that the leaves of <em>M. Scaber</em> are the richest in polyphenols with an average value of 488.291 ± 1.205 μg GAE/g (microgram of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the dry matter of the powdered plant). The total flavonoid assay revealed a high content in the leaves (1.624 ± 0.032 %). Also, studies of the antioxidant activities by DPPH<sup>● </sup>(2,2-diphenyl-1'-picrylhydrazyl) method showed a significant effect compared to vitamin C (96.62 %). The percentages of inhibition are respectively 89.82 % and 82.3 % for ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves and seeds. Furthermore, the inhibitory percentages of n-butanol in the leaves and seeds are 90.57 % and 83.67 %, respectively. Calculated IC<sub>50</sub> showed that the n-butanol fraction of the seeds exhibited the highest activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.293 mg/mL less than ascorbic acid with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.387 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity and estimation of genetic parameters for remobilization related traits of wheat under drought conditions

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Ezatollah Farshadfar ◽  
Reza Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Genetic Techniques ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Kernel Yield

In order to evaluate genetic variability and estimation of remobilization related traits in wheat using biometrical genetic techniques an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates under post-anthesis drought stress conditions in the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran during 2011-2012 cropping season. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences between the genotypes for all studied traits except current photosynthesis (CP) and current photosynthesis share into kernel yield (CPSKY). High genetic gain and broad sense heritability estimates were observed for penultimate remobilization share into kernel yield (PenRSKY) and internodes remobilization share into kernel yield (IRSKY) indicating high genetic potential, low effect of environment and predominant role of additive gene effect on their expression. Spike dry matter remobilization (SDMR), spike dry matter remobilization efficiency (SDMRE) and spike remobilization share into kernel yield (SRSKY) exhibited the highest phenotypic and genetic positive correlation with kernel yield (KY). Moreover, the highest genotypic and phenotypic covariance was observed between kernel yield (KY) and SDMR, CP, SDMRE and SRSKY, respectively. The highest environmental covariance was identified between kernel yield (KY), peduncle dry matter remobilization (PedDMR) and penultimate dry matter remobilization (PenDMR), respectively. High co-heritability was detected between SDMRE and PedDMR, PedDMRE and PenDMR and between peduncle remobilization share into kernel yield (PedRSKY) and internodes dry matter remobilization efficiency (IDMRE), suggesting that selection of either of the traits would simultaneously affect the others, positively.

scholarly journals Plant of Lamiaceae family for cultivation at the vertical hydroponic installation

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
I. T. Balashova ◽  
L. V. Bespalko ◽  
A. V. Molchanova ◽  
E. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. E. Maschenko
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Vertical Farming ◽  
Content Determination

Relevance. Vertical farming – is a new and advanced direction in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Expansion biodiversity of plants for vertical farming occur with help of green leafy vegetables. Plants of Lamiaceae family are well known as aromatic and medicinal plants with high content of substances with antioxidant activity. It allows use these plants as a base for the functional nutrition. Leafy parts the plants of Lamiaceae family may be used as aromatic and healthy additions to traditional foods, such as salads, soups and sauces.  Goal of the study: analysis the biochemical composition of leafy parts plants of Lamiaceaefamily, cultivated at the multi circle hydroponic construction. Materials and methods. 1) Plants: Monarda fistulosa L. (the breeding sample №5 U.P.), Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. (Simka variety), Melissa officinalisL. (Zhemchuzhina variety). 2) secondary metabolites: flavonoid glycoside linarozid and steroid glycoside moldstim. Methods. 1) cultivation of plants Lamiaceae family at the 5 circles hydroponic construction; 2) analytic methods: determination of dry matter content, determination of ascorbic acid content, determination sum of chlorophylls and carotenoids, determination sum of antioxidants; 3) statistical methods. Results. First experiment the cultivation of plants Lamiaceae family at the multi circle hydroponic construction was successful. Location of plants at different circles of hydroponic installation didn’t influence the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid and sum of chlorophylls in leafy parts of plants Monarda fistulosaL. The content of dry matter and sum of antioxidants in leafy parts of Monarda fistulosaL. plants of the first cutting is significantly higher than of other cuttings. So, we can recommend the leaves of Monarda fistulosa L. plants of the first cutting for the healthy additions in the scheme of the functional nutrition. Seed treatment with water solutions of secondary metabolites changed significantly the weight of leaves: it was increased in Monarda citriodoraCerv. ex Lag. and in Melissa officinalisL. 

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Physiological Characteristics, Photoassimilates, and Total Ascorbate in Early and Late Sown Indian Wheat Cultivars under Exposure to Elevated Ozone

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Durgesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Bhavna Jaiswal ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Agrawal ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Selection Of

Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is detrimental to crop’s productivity and is one of the reasons for a warmer climate. The present study describes diurnal changes in gaseous exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbic acid, and photoassimilate parameters in flag leaves of four Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (two early sown and two late sown cultivars) under ambient and elevated O3 treatments, using the open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that the diurnal pattern of photosynthetic rate (Ps), sucrose, and ascorbic acid content varied according to changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and O3 concentrations during the daytime and were maximum between 10:00 to 12:00. The present study suggested that elevated O3 caused more negative effects on photosystem II in early sown compared to late sown cultivars. The greater loss of photosynthesis led to lower production of photoassimilates in early sown cultivars, which utilized more assimilates in ascorbic acid formation for detoxification of ROS formed due to elevated O3. This work will also help to identify the robustness of physiological machinery in different wheat cultivars under elevated levels of O3, and may be used for selection of suitable cultivars during future breeding programs.

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