scholarly journals Quality of Pea Seeds and Agroecological Condition of Soil When Using Structured Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Victor Mazur ◽  
Oleksandr Tkachuk ◽  
Hanna Pantsyreva ◽  
Olga Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The widespread use of water in crop production and agriculture is due to a significant increase in yields during the watering of agricultural crops, as well as the transfer of pesticides and mineral fertilizers to plants and soil by water. One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in crop production is to structure it. An urgent task is to study the effect of structured water delivered to agricultural crops by watering or spraying on the yield, quality of the resulting products and agroecological condition of the soil. Field studies on pea crops were conducted at experimental sites of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, laboratory studies were conducted in accredited laboratories for monitoring the quality, safety of feed and raw materials of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the testing centre of the Vinnytsia branch of the state institution “Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine”. When watering peas with structured water, its yield increases by 42.3% compared to the version without water application and by 22.3% compared to the version with watering with plain water. Pea seeds when watered with structured water have a lower content of crude protein by 0.43 %, crude fat – by 0.09%, crude ash – by 0.63%, but a higher content of crude fibre by 0.11% and nitrogen-free extractives – by 0.99% compared to the version without water. The content of humus in the soil, when watered with structured water, was lower than in the version without water by 0.04%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 8.0%, mobile phosphorus – by 20.0%, exchangeable potassium – by 7.9%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.2 pH, hydrolytic acidity – by 21.7%, the concentration of mobile lead – by 18.4%. However, the concentration of mobile cadmium increased by 43.8% and soil moisture – by 4.3%. When comparing the indicators of the agroecological state of the soil, which was watered with structured and plain water, it was found that watering with structured water reduces the content of humus by 0.03%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 2.3%, mobile phosphorus – by 20%, exchange potassium – by 9.7%, hydrolytic acidity – by 7.7%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.3 pH, but increases the content of mobile lead by 10.9%, mobile cadmium – by 25.0% and increases the moisture content in the soil – by 2.7%

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers on fertility of sod-podzolic soil, productivity and quality of grain crops

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Lyskova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Basic Norm ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Experiments were conducted in 2008.2015 in Kirov region. Effectiveness of liming, input of nitric (N90 kg/ha of acting matter) and increasing dozes of phosphoric fertilizers (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha of acting matter) in complex with nitric-potassium fertilizers (90 kg/ha of acting matter each) on agronomical parameters of soil, productivity and grain quality of winter rye, spring wheat and oat was studied on stationary field experiment. In variant without liming and fertilizing significant acidification of soil was taken place (pH 3.9, Al 9.5 mg/100 g of soil) in compare with initial values (pH 4.5...4.7). Inputting N90P100-200K90 leads to increase in exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity, content of mobile aluminum (up to 13.6.15.4 mg/100 g, and phosphorus (up to 156.209 mg/kg on non-liming and 147.248 mg/kg on liming backgrounds at phosphorus concentration in soil solution 0.56.0.68 and 0.75.1.39 mg/l correspondingly). On the liming-free background, productivity of winter rye was in average 1.92, oat - 3.90, and wheat - 2.26 t/ha; liming increased productivity on 15.27, 13.29, and 16.32% correspondingly. Nitric fertilizers had significant influence in forming of addition yield. In variant N90 on the liming background 1.15 t/ha of winter rye grain, 1.6 t/ha of oat, and 0.78 t/ ha of wheat was gathered additionally and the highest recoupment of fertilezers with grain (12.6, 17.8, and 8.7 kg) was reached. Maximal levels in productivity of cereals obtained in variants with NPK input; tendency to increase in productivity because of increasing dozes of super-phosphate is marked on liming-free background. Nitric fertilizers significantly influenced on content of nitrogen, raw protein and gluten in spring wheat grain; correlation is marked between spring wheat productivity and content of raw protein (r = 0.79) and gluten (r = 0.78) in grain. Test weight of all crops was higher then basic norm independent on fertilizers input.

scholarly journals Influence of biological preparations on yield and sowing qualities of peas (Рisum sativum L.) for organic seed production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Ternovyi ◽  
І. Ноrodyska ◽  
A. Lishchuk ◽  
M. Draga ◽  
A. Vdovychenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Pea Seeds

According to the legislation of Ukraine, one of the requirements of organic crop production is using organic seeds and organic planting material. High productivity and quality of sowing material for organic production of agricultural products can be obtained only if the plants and soil are optimally provided with nutrients and plants are protected from diseases, pests and weeds. The aim of the work was to study the technologies of protection and nutrition of peas with the use of domestic biological products in organic agrophytocenoses for seed production. The influence of organic technologies for growing peas of the Starter variety (Germany) with the use of complexes of biological preparations of domestic producers on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of seeds (weight of 1000 seeds, germinative energy of seeds, seed germination) is studied. The positive influence of all variants of the use of biological products (combination of pre-sowing treatment of seeds, soil, crop treatment) on the quality of the obtained seed material and its compliance with the requirements of DSTU for reproductive seeds was established. It was shown that the use of biological preparations in organic technologies provides the production of pea seeds with a germination of 94–95% and an increase in the yield of pea seeds at the level of 0.45–0.85 t/ha. It is determined that among the pests common in organic crops of peas, the greatest damage is caused by an insect of a series of hard-winged insects — pea weevil or Bruchus (Bruchus pisorum L.). Moreover, the population of Bruchus increased in crop rotation, located on one common plot without spatial isolation of each field. The main criteria for the production of organic sowing material of legumes, including peas, are compliance with the basic principles of organic production, its ability to provide seeds with high sowing and varietal qualities and the absence of infection and damage by diseases and pests.

scholarly journals Productivity And Quality Of Spring Soft Wheat Grain Depending On Root Feeding With Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizers On Black Soils Of South Orenburg Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
R R Ibragimova ◽  
G F Yartsev ◽  
R K Baikasenov ◽  
T P Aysuvakova ◽  
B B Kartabayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The relevance of the topic of scientific research is associated with the use of new liquid fertilizers and a growth regulator in spring wheat crops to increase the yield and quality of grain in the central zone of the Orenburg region. Ensuring food security today is becoming one of the most urgent tasks set by the government of the Russian Federation for domestic agriculture. To solve this problem, it is necessary, first of all, to increase the yield of agricultural crops, rationally using all the factors affecting it. One of these factors is the timely and sufficient application of mineral fertilizers, the cost of which largely determines the size of the cost of production. The emergence of precision farming is associated, first of all, with the improvement of all types of agricultural machinery and technologies, as well as with the rapid development of computer technology, methods of computer modeling and information technology. The integrating basis of the technology is geographic information systems that allow registering and processing information characterizing the state of soil and crops. This information makes it possible to effectively use one of the most significant resources in crop production - mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effect of honeybee pollination on seed and fruit yield of agricultural crops in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tura Bareke ◽  
Admassu Addi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Crop Pollination ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Essential Input

Pollination is a critical link in the functioning of ecosystems, and it improves the yield of crops. Insect pollination is an essential input in the production of crops grown worldwide. Of the approximately 300 commercial crops about 84% are insect pollinated. Honeybees are responsible for 70-80% of insect pollination. This indicated how much honeybees are the most efficient insect pollinators of cultivated crops and wild flora in agricultural systems. The main reason is that honeybees are abundant and widespread everywhere. They have well developed mechanism of communication to exploit their environment. The value of additional yields obtained by pollination service rendered by honeybees is 15-20 times more than the value of all hive products put together. Studies conducted in Ethiopia have also proven the role of honeybee pollination in improving the yield and quality of some crops such as Malus sylvestris (apple), Allium cepa (red onion), Guizotia abyssinica (niger) and Vicia faba (faba bean). The yield increment was varied from 33.5-84% among the above crops due to honeybee pollination. However, unwise pesticide applications become the main problem for some crops in Ethiopia. This is due to, low level understanding of the value of pollination on the yield of agricultural crops. Therefore, attention should be given for the legal protection of honeybees and other insect pollinators; especially, protecting the honeybees from pesticide poisoning, developing pollinators’ conservation policy, the idea of crop pollination should be included in national crop production strategic plan and awareness creation should be given to the society about the value of crop pollination.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOWN AREAS STRUCTURE FOR THE STEPPE ZONE OF RSO – ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912
Author(s):  
D.M. Mamiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Agricultural Crops

The structure of the cultivated areas serves as the basis for the system of crop rotation, the main link in modern farming systems. The structure of sown areas and the system of crop rotations as the fundamental links of the farming system have close direct correlations and feed-backs with all other links of the farming system. On the one hand, they are fundamental, first of all, for organizing the soil protection and nature conservation of the territory, since in each farm the sown areas of agricultural crops on arable land prevail over the area of other agricultural lands. On the other hand, the system of crop rotation, which is developed on the basis of the promising structure of sown areas, is the basis for other links of the farming system. For more efficient use of arable land, increasing the yield of major agricultural crops, meeting the needs of farms with crop production, improving soil fertility, it is necessary to change the structure of sown areas taking into account the specific agro-climatic conditions of the steppe zone. There are two subzones in the considered zone: arid and moderately arid one. We have substantiated and optimized the structure of cultivated areas in order to increase soil fertility, ecological balance and productivity of agricultural landscapes for these two sub-zones of the steppe zone. For the arid sub-zone, in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 51.7%, legumes – 9.8%, fodder – 12.5%, industrial – 21%, vegetables – 5%. For the moderately arid sub-zone in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 42.0%, legumes – 10.3%, corn for grain – 13.7%, fodder – 10.5%, industrial – 17.0%, vegetables – 5%, potatoes – 1.5%.

INFLUENCE OF INOCULATION OF OAT AND PEA SEEDS WITH BIOPREPARATIONS WHEN USING MINERAL FERTILIZERS IN DIFFERENT DOSES ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF GREEN MASS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Pea Seeds

Within three years, the effectiveness of the use of various biological products for inoculation of oat and pea seeds when using mineral fertilizers, as well as their influence on the yield and quality of green mass has been studied. The experiment was laid out at the experimental station of Ivanovo state agricul-tural Academy. The soil is sod-podzolic medium loamy. As a result of the agrochemical analysis of the soil on the experimental site, the content of humus in the soil was 1.7%, mobile phosphorus 190 mg/kg and mobile potassium 156 mg/kg, pH -5.6. Inoculation of seeds with biopreparations was carried out on the day of sowing, before sowing soil treatment mineral fertilizers were introduced, in some variants bi-omineral fertilizer was used. Mineral fertilizers in the form of ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride were introduced under presowing cultivation according to the scheme of experi-ence. On the day of sowing, oat seeds were treated with extrasol at the rate of 100 ml per hectare. The inoculation of pea seeds previously treated with rizotorfin, was performed with mushroom of arbuscular- vezikuliar mycorrhizae in the dose of 400g. Biomineral fertilizer was prepared by mixing Bisolbifit with mineral fertilizer in the dose of 40 g per 1 kg of fertilizer. According to the results of the research it was found that the combined use of biopreparations for inoculation of pea and oat seeds with phosphorus-potassium and complete mineral fertilizer allowed to obtain a reliable increase in yield and a positive trend was observed to increase the yield and quality of the green mass.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PREPARATIONS IN INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF AGROCULTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
О.В. ЛУКЬЯНОВА ◽  
Н.В. ВАВИЛОВА ◽  
Д.В. ВИНОГРАДОВ ◽  
А.С. СТУПИН ◽  
А.А. СОКОЛОВ
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Impact

Проблема и цель. Реализация биологического потенциала агрокультур при производстве продукции растениеводства в условиях неустойчивого земледелия. Цель исследований – изучить влияние комплексных препаратов, содержащих важнейшие макро- и микроэлементы, биологически активныевещества, на урожайность и качество продукции сельскохозяйственных культур. Методология. Объектами исследования в полевых опытах были регуляторы роста растений ОРГАНОСТИМ, Зеребро Агро и минеральное удобрение Грогрин микро марка: Дрип. Полевые опыты были заложены методом организованных повторений в четырехкратной повторности. Размер опытных делянок в опытах составлял 50-100 м2 , учетная площадь – 25-50 м2 . В ходе исследований отбирались образцы серой лесной тяжелосуглинистой почвы и растительных образцов сои, озимой пшеницы, картофеля, анализ которых проводили в ФГБУ «Станция агрохимической службы «Рязанская» и ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П.А. Костычева» согласно общепринятым методикам. Для оценки существенности полученных в опыте результатов осуществлялась математическая обработка урожайных и сопутствующих данных. Результаты. Результаты полевых исследований показывают, что применение биологически активных соединений на разных этапах онтогенеза способствовало усилению процессов роста и развития культурных растений и повышению сопротивляемости негативному воздействию внешней среды. Вследствие этого агрокультуры, в зависимости от варианта опыта, формировали более развитую корневую систему, вегетативные и генеративные органы, что обеспечило существенное повышение урожайности сои на 2,4-3,2 ц/га (НСР05 = 1,97 ц/га), озимой пшеницы на 3,7-5,5 ц/га (НСР05 = 2,9 ц/га), картофеля на 3,34 т/га (НСР05 = 2,91 т/га) с сохранением качества полученного урожая. Заключение. Научно-обоснованное применение биологически активных веществ оказывает стимулирующие воздействие на культурные растения, активизируя физиологические процессы на всех этапах их жизненного цикла, от прорастания семян до уборки, существенно повышая урожайность агрокультур. Оптимизация питания растений повышает их устойчивость к возбудителям болезней сельскохозяйственных культур, нивелирует воздействие неблагоприятных факторов окружающей среды, благоприятно отражается на показателях качества растениеводческой продукции. Problem and purpose. Realization of the biological potential of agricultural crops in the production of crop products in conditions of unsustainable agriculture. The purpose of research is to study the infuence of complex preparations containing the most important macro-and microelements, biologically active substance on the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Methodology. The objects of study in feld experiments were plant growth regulators ORGANOSTIM, Zerebro Agro and mineral fertilizer Grogrin mikro marka: Drip. Field experiments laid down method organized repetitions in 4-fold repetition. The size of the experimental business experiments was 50-100 m², the accounting area was 25-50 m². During the studies, samples of gray forest heavy-grained soil and plant samples of soybeans, winter wheat, potatoes were taken, the analysis of which was carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Station of the Agricultural Chemical Service" Ryazan "and FSBEI HE " Ryazan State Agrotechnological University”. To assess the materiality of the results obtained in the experience, mathematical processing of crop and related data was carried out. Results. The results of feld studies show that the use of biologically active compounds at diferent stages of ontogenesis contributed to the strengthening of the processes of growth and development of cultivated plants and increased resistance to negative environmental efects. As a result, agricultures, depending on the experience variant, formed a more developed root system, vegetative and generative organs, which ensured a signifcant increase in soybean yield by 2.4-3.2 c/ha (NSR05 = 1.97 c/ha), 3.7-5.5 c/ha (NSR05 = 2.9 c/ha) on winter wheat, 3.34 t/ha (NSR05 = 2.91 t) on potatoes, with maintaining the quality of the harvest. Conclusion. Science-based use of biologically active substances has stimulating efects on cultivated plants. Activating physiological processes at all stages of their life cycle, from seed germination to harvesting, signifcantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. Optimization of plant nutrition increases their resistance to pathogens of crop diseases, eliminates the impact of adverse environmental factors, and favorably afects the quality indicators of crop production.

scholarly journals Development of the forest strip network in the territory of the Volokonovsky district by carrying out an adaptive landscape agriculture system

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012146
Author(s):  
A A Melentyev ◽  
Y Y Zapara ◽  
V I Zheltukhina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection

Abstract In the last decade of the twentieth century, there have been significant negative transformations of arable land in the main agricultural regions of Russia. Traditional and zonal farming systems were disrupted, extensive agricultural technologies began to prevail with low doses of mineral fertilizers, a sharp reduction in the number of soil treatments and the use of organic fertilizers and ameliorants, disruption of crop rotation, and burning of stubble. Under these conditions, degradation processes have developed extremely strongly: erosion and plowing, dehumification and acidification, alkalization, and salinization. Many lands turned out to be abandoned, the weediness of crops increased sharply. With a decrease in the real (effective) land fertility and the level of technological culture of agriculture, the profitability of crop production fell sharply. The volume of soil protection and erosion control measures has sharply decreased. Traditional recommendations on soil-protective crop rotations and agrotechnics in the new economic conditions turned out to be practically inaccessible for most farms and cooperative farms, the necessary condition for the survival of which is a quick return on financial investments. The development of agricultural production in the current environmental and economic conditions (the vital need to increase the profitability of production, on the one hand, and a serious aggravation of the agroecological situation and, as a consequence, the increase in environmental and economic risks of production, on the other) requires a transition to adaptive landscape farming systems, which are the next stage of landscape-ecological detailing and economic and economic adaptation of previously developed zonal farming systems.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of productive land in agriculture of the Voronezh region

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
P. V. Demidov ◽  
A. V. Ulezko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Productive Land

The article examines the structure of the agricultural sector of the Voronezh region and changes in the size of land use of farms of different categories based on the results of the all-Russian agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016.the significant differences between the data of the Federal registration service and the data obtained from the all-Russian agricultural censuses, in size and structure of agricultural lands related to agricultural lands are Revealed. The problem of limited information on the distribution and use of agricultural land and its reliability is noted. The differentiation of the Voronezh region districts by the size of the acreage and their contribution to the production of certain types of crop production, the dynamics of production of the main types of crop production in the region, the change in the structure of production of certain types of products by categories of farms. It is concluded that the fundamental changes in the sectoral structure, accompanied by the removal of crop rotations of forage crops, including annual and perennial grasses, led to a violation of the science-based system of agriculture and significantly limited the possibility of its biologization. Estimated evolution of yields of basic agricultural crops in the Voronezh region, changes which were provided with a comprehensive exposure to a wide range of factors, including the growth of seed quality, increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, the use of new plant protection products, development of new technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops, optimization of the timing of major manufacturing operations. Changes in the volume of direct investment in fixed capital of agriculture are studied. The trends identified in the study of the effectiveness of the use of productive land involved in the process of agricultural production are formulated.

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