The effect of COVID-19 outbreak on the competitive and comparative advantages of rice production in West Java, Indonesia

Abstract Food security is one of the keys to success in overcoming problems arising impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Attention to the paddy production in West Java is imperative. This paper aimed to discuss the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the competitiveness of rice production in West Java by using two indicators of Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), namely Private Cost Ratio (PCR) and Domestic Resource Cost Ratio (DRC). The data used is from the National Panel of Farmers (PATANAS) survey data for wetland rice agro-ecosystem in West Java, with 144 households of rice farmer respondents. The results show that the COVID-19 outbreak harms the competitiveness of rice production, and it takes three years for recovery to be a competitive advantage and more than five years for comparative advantage. At the private and social prices of GKP at the farm level equal to the GPP 2020, rice production in West Java will lose its competitive advantage starting in 2022, while the comparative advantage of rice production in West Java continues to decline until 2024. This study has three policy implications: the first eliminating disruption of the distributions of agricultural inputs and outputs. The second is striving to increase the use of machinery and equipment to secure the risk of yield loss during cultivation, harvest time, and post-harvest handling at the farm level. The third is selecting the farmers who have high capability in competitive and comparative advantages as a model for fostering competitiveness improvement for farmers with lower abilities.

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ANALISIS KEUNGGULAN KOMPARATIF DAN KOMPETITIF KOPI DENGAN ADANYA SERTIFIKASI COMMON CODE FOR THE COFFEE COMMUNITY (4C) DI KECAMATAN SUMBEREJO KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis ◽

10.23960/jiia.v9i1.4810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rina Astuti ◽

Muhammad Irfan Affandi ◽

Raden Hanung Ismono

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Production Volume ◽

Private Cost ◽

Comparative Advantages ◽

Coffee Farmers ◽

Coffee Farming ◽

The Impact ◽

Percent Decline

This research aims to analyze comparative advantage, competitive advantage, the impact of government policies on input output of certified coffee farming, and analyze the sensitivity of changes in input and outputprices to the comparative advantage and competitive advantage of coffee farming in Sumberejo Subdistrict Tanggamus District. The samples of 25 farmers were taken simply randomly from 133 coffee farmers who applied 4C coffee certification. Data were analyzed using PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). The results showed that 4C certification coffee farming in Sumberejo Subdistrict of Tanggamus District had a competitive advantage with value of Private Cost Ratio of 0.53 and comparative advantage with of Domestic Cost Ratio of 0.38. Comparative advantage was sensitive to 20.31 percent decline in production volume and 40 percent decline in farm output price. Increase in input price due to revocation of subsidies reduced competitive and comparative advantages. Competitive and comparative advantages were not sensitive to an increase in input price.Key words: certified, coffee, comparative, competitive, PAM

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The competitiveness analysis of shallot in Indonesia: A Policy Analysis Matrix

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0256832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0256832

Author(s):

Saptana ◽

Endro Gunawan ◽

Atika Dyah Perwita ◽

Syahrul Ganda Sukmaya ◽

Valeriana Darwis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Policy Analysis ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Dry Season ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Comparative Advantages ◽

Incentive Policies ◽

The Impact ◽

Policy Analysis Matrix

Shallot is a national strategic commodity in Indonesia, but it is development has a fundamental technical, socioeconomic, and policy support problems. Therefore, it is essential to know the competitiveness of shallot in Indonesia and the incentive policy to implement the comparative advantage to become a sustainable competitive advantage. The purposes of this study are to (1) analyze the profitability of shallot farming privately and socially, (2) analyze the competitiveness of shallot farming from a competitive and comparative advantage perspective, (3) review the impact of government policy on shallot farming, and (4) formulate incentive policies in the development of shallot commodities. The empirical results of the Policy Analysis Matrix revealed that shallot farming in production centers in Indonesia has both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitive and comparative advantages were found in the dry season in the upland of Malang district with the coefficient values of PCR (Private Cost Ratio) of 0.268–0.508 and DRCR (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) of 0.208–0.323. The lowest competitive advantage was found in the lowland of East Lombok district in the dry season with a coefficient value of PCR 0.728–0.844. The lowest comparative advantage in the dry season was found in East Lombok district with a DRCR of 0.448, while in the rainy season, it was found in Wonosobo district with a DRCR of 0.522. These results mean that it is more profitable for Indonesia to increase domestic shallot production than to import. Improving shallot competitiveness can be carried out by implementing advanced technology, agricultural infrastructure, capacity building of farmers’ resources, and government incentive policies to increase productivity and competitiveness sustainability.

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Analysis Competitiveness of Sugarcane Farming in Central Java and East Java

Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.22146/jae.27595 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 237

Author(s):

Wahyu Adhi Saputro ◽

Masyhuri Masyhuri ◽

Any Suryantini

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Central Java ◽

Private Cost ◽

Sugarcane Farming ◽

Resource Cost ◽

Policy Analysis Matrix ◽

Domestic Resource ◽

Very High

This study aims to determine the competitiveness of sugarcane farming in Central Java and East Java based on comparative advantage (DRCR) and competitive advantage (PCR). The method used was the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The result in Central Java explained that the sugarcane farming do not have comparative advantage but have competitive advantage. It is indicated by the value of Domestic Resource Cost Ratio DRCR>1 which is 1.23 and the value of Private Cost Ratio PCR<1 which is 0.71. Meanwhile The result in East Java explained that the sugarcane farming do not have comparative advantage but have competitive advantage. It is indicated by the value of DRCR>1 which is 1.05 and the value of PCR<1 which is 0.56. Partial test was conducted to find out how many respondents in each region in Central Java and East Java that have competitiveness sugarcane farming. Based on the partial test of each respondent in Central Java, about 51.67%, 45.00% and 3.33% of respondents are categorized as very competitive, medium competitiveness and very low competitive respectively. Meanwhile, in East Java Province, there are 25.00% of respondents with very high competitiveness, 65.00% medium competitiveness and 10.00% very low competitive.

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ANALISIS DAYA SAING UBI KAYU INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v14i1.21034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fahrisa Surya Pramesti ◽

Endang Siti Rahayu ◽

Agustono Agustono

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Added Value ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

A Value ◽

Comparative Advantages ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Method Analysis ◽

Domestic Factor

Abstract: This research aims to determine the competitiveness of cassava Indonesia compared with competitor countries if the terms of its comparative advantages, and to know the competitiveness of Indonesian cassava if the terms of its competitive advantage. The basic method used is descriptive analytical method. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of comparative advantage Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and analysis of competitive advantage Privat Cost Ratio (PCR). RCA analysis results for commodities cassava Indonesia has a value of 0.7 or below one, which means that during the period of cassava Indonesia does not have a comparative advantage compared to other countries with the same commodity. While the results of PCR analysis, farming cassava in Indonesia has a competitive advantage because it has a PCR value of 0.36 or less than one, which means that to get the added value of farm output by one unit cassava required additional domestic factor costs less than one unit is equal to 0 , 36. While private profits is positive, it shows that the indication of the results of farming cassava Indonesia supernormal and should lead to the expansion or expansion in the future, unless the agricultural areas in Indonesia can not be expanded or substitute crops are more profitable in private. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya saing ubi kayu Indonesia dibandingkan dengan negara pesaing jika ditinjau dari keunggulan komparatifnya, dan mengetahui daya saing ubi kayu Indonesia jika ditinjau dari keunggulan kompetitifnya. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis keunggulan komparatif Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan analisis keunggulan kompetitif Privat Cost Ratio (PCR). Hasil analisis RCA untuk komoditas ubi kayu Indonesia memiliki nilai 0,7 atau di bawah satu, yang berarti pada periode tersebut ubi kayu Indonesia tidak memiliki keunggulan komparatif dibandingkan dengan negara lain dengan komoditas yang sama. Sedangkan hasil analisis PCR, usahatani ubi kayu di Indonesia memiliki keunggulan kompetitif karena memiliki nilai PCR 0,36 atau kurang dari satu, yang berarti untuk mendapatkan nilai tambah output usahatani ubi kayu sebesar satu satuan diperlukan tambahan biaya faktor domestik kurang dari satu satuan yaitu sebesar 0,36. Sedangkan keuntungan privat bernilai positif, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa indikasi dari hasil usahatani ubi kayu Indonesia supernormal dan harus mengarah pada ekspansi atau perluasan di masa mendatang, kecuali apabila daerah pertanian di Indonesia tidak dapat diperluas atau terdapat tanaman pengganti yang lebih menguntungkan secara privat

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ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN KAIMANA PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v10i1.14124 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Suharyanto Suharyanto ◽

Adang Agustian ◽

Parlindungan Y Silitonga

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Location Quotient ◽

Private Cost ◽

The Face ◽

Papua Barat

Determination of superior regional commodity is the first step towards the agriculture development which based on concept of efficiency to achieve comparative and competitive advantage in the face of global trade.Step toward efficiency can be reached by developing commodity that has a comparative advantage in terms of both supply and demand side.The purpose of this study to analyzed the commodity which has the comparative advantage of various commodities that exist in the Kaimana district. Secondary data were collected on estate commodities production data sourced from BPS as well as primary data through a survey of 60 farmer respondents. Data analyzed using LQ (Location Quotient), Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) and Private Cost Ratio (PCR). The analysis showed that the highest LQ value for coconut contained in Teluk Etnasub district, in the sub district Buruway cocoa and nutmeg in Kambrau sub district.Coconut, cocoa and nutmeg have a comparative advantage in Kaimana district as shown by DRCR smaller than one. While there is a competitive advantage only in cocoa and nutmeg demonstrated with PCR values smaller than one.

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Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Dan Kompetitif Usaha Ternak Ayam Ras Pedaging Di Kecamatan Musuk Kabupaten Boyolali

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v14i2.25014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Anisah Eka Mutmainah ◽

Tinjung Mary Prihtanti

Keyword(s):

Policy Analysis ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Private Cost ◽

The Cost ◽

Domestic Factor

This Research analyzed that comparative advantage and competitive of broiler chicken’s livestock business in Musuk Subdistrict of Boyolali Regency. For sampling uses a Saturated Sampling technique (census method) by taking all available samples as many thirty-two sample of broiler’s breeder around Musuk Subdistrict. To analyzed chicken livestock business uses Policy Analysis Matrik (PAM) and Ms. Excel as analysis tools. The result of this research shows that PCR (Private Cost Ratio) value <1 is 0,63 that means the commodity system of broiler chicken which is cultivated by breeder has a small competitive advantage. In addition to defraying domestic factor at private price, breeders are also able to compete with broiler chickens livestock business in other region. A commodity has a comparative advantage if it has DRCR (Domestic Resources Cost Ratio) value <1, the meaning is the profit obtained by the breeder is grater than the cost of social input non tradable. In case of broiler chickens in Musuk Subdistrict obtained grade DRCR <1 is 0,95 that means livestock business produced has comparative competitiveness because it is able to finance domestic factors at social prices and is economically efficient.

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INTERNATIONAL COMPETIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURE

International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.3877 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Olexander Lesniak

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantage ◽

Comparative Advantages ◽

Resource Cost ◽

Definition Of ◽

Domestic Resource

This paper resolves several points about proper use of the domestic resource cost concept to estimate the countries competitiveness. It explores its relationship to the definition of comparative advantage and competitive advantage, resolves the conflict between differing views of the comparative advantage and competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to investigate comparative advantages of agricultural goods production in Ukraine by using domestic resource cost method. It provides a comparison between the domestic cost to produce basic agricultural goods.

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DINAMIKA DAYA SAING USAHA RUMPUT LAUT

Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan ◽

10.15578/jsekp.10.2.2015.117-189 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Mira Mira ◽

Riesti Triyanti ◽

Yayan Hikmayani

Keyword(s):

Policy Analysis ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Government Policies ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Effective Protection ◽

Private Cost ◽

Study Sites ◽

The Impact ◽

Policy Analysis Matrix ◽

Nominal Protection

Program revitalisasi pada sektor perikanan telah berjalan sejak 8 tahun yang lalu dan telah berdampak pada usaha budidaya dan daya saing rumput laut di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika daya saing rumput laut yang banyak dibudidayakan di daerah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara dengan pembudidaya rumput laut di Nusa Penida dan Lombok Timur. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dengan membandingkan daya saing rumput laut tahun 2005 dan 2013. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa di dua lokasi penelitian dengan adanya intervensi pemerintah dari tahun ke tahun menyebabkan keuntungan yang diterima pembudidaya pada tahun 2013 rumput laut lebih besar (PC (Profitabity Coofficient) > 1)) jika dibandingkan tanpa kebijakan (PC < 1) (tahun 2005). Keefektifan perhatian pemerintah tersebut bisa dilihat dari nilai SRP (Subsidy Ratio to Producers) dan EPC (Effective Protection Coofficient) yang berubah dari tahun 2005 dan 2013, bila pada tahun 2005 nilai SRP bertanda negatif dan EPC < 1, yang artinya subsidi dan kebijakan pemerintah belum efektif melindungi usaha rumput laut. Tahun 2013, nilai SRP bertanda positif dan EPC ) > 1 di masing-masing lokasi penelitian, yang artinya kebijakan pemerintah dan subsidi efektif mengembangkan usaha rumput laut. Dalam kurun waktu 8 tahun usaha rumput laut memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan keunggulan komparatif yang bisa dilihat dari nilai DRC dan PCR (Private Cost Ratio), meskipun ada tren penurun keungulan kompetitif, karena pada tahun 2013 di Nusa Penida menggunakan BBM yang memiliki komponen impor yang lebih besar. Implikasi kebijakan pemerintah (kebijakan input) di dua lokasi penelitian yang diindikasikan dengan nilai NPCI (Nominal Protection Coofficient on Input) yang semakin meningkat maka keberpihakan pemerintah Nusa Penida lebih tinggi dibandingkan keberpihakan pemerintah Lombok Timur terhadap input usaha rumput laut baik itu tahun 2005 maupun pada tahun 2013. (Competitive and Comparative Dinamics of the Seaweed Busineses)Revitalization policy programs in the fisheries sector which has been creating since 8 years ago have the impact on the competitiveness seaweed at Small Islands. The purpose of this study examines competitive and comparative of seaweed. Survey and interview with seaweed cultivators were conducted at The Eastern Nusa Penida and The Eastern Lombok. Data analysis method uses a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Results of the analysis indicate that in the two study sites government intervention have a positive impact. Benefits received by farmers in 2013 (PC (Profitabity Coofficient) > 1) greater than without a policy of revitalization in 2005 ( PC <1). The effectiveness of government policies showed by SRP (Subsidy Ratio to Producers) and EPC (Effective Protection Coofficient) values were changed from 2005 and 2013. The value of the SRP in 2005 is negative and EPC <1, it means subsidies and government policies have not been effective in protecting the seaweed business. SRP value is positive and EPC)> 1 in each of the research sites after 8 years of revitalization was launched (2013), it means government policies and subsidies effectively develop seaweed business. Seaweed business has also a competitive advantage and comparative advantages, it shown the DRC (Dosmetic Cost Ratio) and PCR (Private Cost Ratio) value. There is trend-lowering competitive advantage in Nusa Penida, because farmers in 2013 using a fuel that has a greater import components. Intervention of government (in terms of policy input) at two study sites increases the value of NPCI (Nominal Protection Coofficient on Input). The concern of Nusa Penida government on input seaweed business is higher than in the Eastern Lombok government.

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Comparative And Competitive Advantage Agribusiness Of Jawa Brebes Cattle (Jabres) In Brebes Regency

Journal of Agri Socio-Economics and Business ◽

10.31186/jaseb.1.1.15-24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-24

Author(s):

Suci Nur Utami ◽

M Syaifulloh

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Development Strategy ◽

Process Analysis ◽

National Level ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Competitive Advantages ◽

Expert Choice ◽

Private Cost ◽

The Development Strategy ◽

Hierarchy Process

The development of Jabres cattle is very important to increase the population of Jabres cattle in Brebes. There needs to be a good developmentstrategy so that Jabres cattle can have a higher competitiveness. The purpose of this research is to know the level of comparative and competitive advantages agribusiness of Jabres cattle known from the value of Domestic Resources Cost Ratio (DRCR) and Private Cost Ratio (PCR), and to determine the priorities of the development strategy Agribusiness of Jabres cattle uses the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Expert Choice program. The results show that the DRCR value is 0.97 and PCR is worth 0.96, it indicates that Cow Jabres has a comparative and competitive advantage so that it can be competitiveness at the national level. Based on the Anaytical Hierarchy Process analysis that has been done, obtained the results that the most important strategy priority used to develop the agribusiness of Jabres cattle in Brebes is by increased effectiveness in livestock maintenance.

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Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Inbred HYV and Hybrid Rice Cultivation at Farm Level

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11225 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Salam ◽

MAB Siddique ◽

J Parvin

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Rice Production ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Technical Inefficiency ◽

Farm Level ◽

Land Type ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Net Returns ◽

Significant Difference

This study is very important in the present perspective of rice economy as comparative economics of inbred HYVs and hybrid rice production was very scanty. As such, the present study was conducted to examine the relative productivity, profitability, and comparative technical efficiency of inbred HYVs and hybrid rice production in some selected areas of Gazipur district. The study was conducted in four villages in Sadar Upzila under Gazipur district, namely Kesurita, Martarchar, Harinal, and Samantapur. A total of 80 farmers from the four villages were interviewed consisting of 40 farmers for hybrid and 40 for inbred HYVs rice. Data were generated by personal interview using structured questionnaire through conducting farm level survey. The analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between farmers practices and recommended rate of hybrid seed, TSP, and MP. But the farmers used urea and seed of inbred HYVs significantly higher than recommend rate. Hybrid farms incurred total cost of Tk. 63377/ha and inbred farms incurred Tk. 61195/ha, respectively. Net returns obtained from hybrid rice was Tk. 59,056/ha whereas it was Tk. 42,818/ha for inbred HYVs rice. Average net return of inbred rice was 38% lower compared to that of hybrid rice. Benefit cost ratio of inbred and hybrid production was estimated to be 1.93 and 1.70, respectively. The average yield of inbred HYV was 6.03 t/ha and by product was 4.50 t/ha, while those of hybrid were 7.76 t/ha and 5.50 t/ha, respectively. The estimates of technical inefficiency implied that education, farming experience, extension contact, land type, seedling age, and number of seedlings per hill were the major determinants of inefficiency for both inbred and hybrid rice growers. The mean technical efficiency was about 80% for inbred and 86% for hybrid rice producers, respectively, indicating hybrid rice growers were technically more efficient than inbred growers. Higher-level of education and more contact with extension agents were found to contribute in reducing technical inefficiency of both inbred and hybrid rice producers. Although, inbred and hybrid rice producers faced some problems, but it was more severe for hybrid DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11225 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 235-250, June 2012

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