scholarly journals The effect of ethanol extract of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation of rat post protein malnutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012091
Author(s):  
D D Sanyoto ◽  
Triawanti ◽  
M S Noor
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Bdnf Level ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Protein malnutrition may affect changes in morphology, neurochemistry, neurogenesis and immune system in the brain. Pasak bumi is often used as an aphrodisiac which is almost the same as Ginseng. The neurogenesis development can be stimulated by ginseng extract intervention. This study aimed to prove the effect of pasak bumi on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in post-protein malnutrition rats. Experimental research design, rats were divided into 6 groups: KN=normal rats+standard feed, P1=malnutrition rats+aquadest, P2=malnutrition rats + 70% ethanol extract of pasak bumi (EPB) 7.5 mg/kg BW, P3=malnutrition rats + EPB 15 mg/kg BW, P4=malnutrition rats + EPB 22.5 mg/kg BW, P5=malnutrition rats + EPB 30 mg/kg BW. EPB administration for 5 weeks. Parameters examined were levels of BDNF, IL6, TNFα, and serotonin by ELISA method. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test with 95% confidence level. The results of the study: the mean BDNF level in the P3 group was significantly highest (p=0.047). However, there was no significant difference between groups in IL6, TNFα, and serotonin. Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract of pasak bumi did not affect neuroinflammation and brain serotonin levels in post-malnutrition rats, but increased BDNF levels in post-malnourished rats at a dose of 22.5 mg/kg BW.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) Roots Ethanol Extract against Hematology Profile of Healthy Volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laela Hayu Nurani ◽  
Fara Azzahra ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini ◽  
Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Healthy Male Volunteers ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

The roots of Eurycoma longifolia, Jack has a lot of beneficial activity on human health. The use of Eurycoma longifolia, Jack roots as a traditional medicine should be made in the form of a dosage that is more effective, safe, and had no side effects, especially on hematology. Easy preparations are capsule. This study aimed at identifying the effect of ethanol extract capsule of Eurycoma longifolia, Jack roots on hematology of healthy volunteers. Healthy volunteers were assigned in the study, each of which were 10 male and 10 female who met the inclusion criteria. Both groups were given ethanol extract capsule of Eurycoma longifolia, Jack roots for 14 days, with the dose of 300 mg extract once a day, after meal, at night. Hematology examination was performed on day 0; 14 and 42. Results were compared statistically using Repeated ANOVA and Friedman tests. The result of the study indicated that the average value of hematology at the examination day of 0; 14; and 42, there were significant differences in MCV and leukocyte parameters in healthy male volunteers (p<0.05). MCH, LED and monocyte parameters in healthy female volunteers had a significant difference of (p<0.05). However, the parameter values were still within the normal range. Monitoring results showed that some of the side effects were frequent urinary, dizziness, nausea, sweating, insomnia, and increasing appetite on healthy male volunteers. Meanwhile, on healthy female volunteers, there were frequent urinary, insomnia, constipation. Having ethanol extract capsule of the Eurycoma longifolia, Jack roots did not affect the hematology parameters of healthy male and female volunteers, but it caused some side effects. 

scholarly journals Capsule Formulation of Ethanolic Extract of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack.,) and its Effect on Human Health Vital Signs

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Laela Hayu Nurani ◽  
Eka Kumalasari ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Capsule Formulation ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

Pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia) has the potential to be developed as antihypertensive, antipyretic, aphrodisiacs and health supplements. The use of E. longifolia as a traditional medicine needs to be pursued in the form of more effective and appropriate formulation. The capsule preparations are easy to make and cancover the bitter taste of E. longifolia. Clinical trials in this study use design pre-post treatment in healthy humans. Subjects used were male - healthy men and healthy women who met inclusion criteria and were subjected with formulated capsule for 14 days. The study resulted capsule formula comprising of the ethanolic extract of E. longifolia 300 mg, vivapur 101 300 mg, 58 mg maydis starch, aerosil 3%, talc 2%, and Mg stearate 1%. The results showed that the capsule of E. longifolia did not affect the value of heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature and weight (P > 0.05), based on paired t-test, but they causes a decrease in blood pressure of healthy human. The ethanol extract of E. longifolia caused vasodilation of blood vessels that can be used in antihypertensive therapy.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Paste against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Burger Patties

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Selvia Tharukliling ◽  
Lilik Eka Radiati ◽  
Imam Thohari ◽  
Agus Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paste Content

This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of red fruit paste against Staphylococcus aureus FNCC-0047 and Eschericia coli FNCC-0091 by using ethanol and n-hexane as well as the total plate count value of the patty with red fruit paste added on different observations day. The concentration of paste extract for antimicrobial activity test was 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%. The calculation of the total value of the burger patty plate is calculated on the 3rd, 7th and 14th d with the red fruit paste content in the formula as much as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%. The results showed that the fatty acids of red fruit paste were dominated by oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are unsaturated fatty acids and palmitic acid, which are saturated fatty acids. The yield of red fruit paste in n-hexane solvent was higher than ethanol solvent. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) from the use of different solvents to the mean clear zone of the two bacteria tested. The antibacterial activity shown by the ethanol extract and n-hexane extract of red fruit paste was in the inactive category at the 6.12% level, the moderate category at the 12.5% to 25% level and the strong category at the 50% level. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) from the total microbial value in each treatment where the higher the red fruit paste content in the patty, the lower the total microbial value found on each d of observation. The use of red fruit paste at a level of 10% to 15% can withstand the rate of microbial growth

scholarly journals The Cytotoxic Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Root Extract on The Prostate Adenocarcinoma PC-3 Cells through Apoptosis Enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Eka Yudha Rahman ◽  
Kusworini Kusworini ◽  
Mulyohadi Ali ◽  
Basuki Bambang Purnomo ◽  
Nia Kania
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Subject Examination ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Common Malignancy

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men and has become the sixth leading cause of death in males worldwide. Eurycoma longifolia Jack root has active compounds, namely, quassinoids, eurycomanone, and canthine, which have potential as detoxicants, free radical antioxidants, and anticancer. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the potential of the active compounds in E. longifolia Jack root in induce apoptosis in the prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. METHODS: E. longifolia root active compounds were obtained by extracting them using ethanol solvent. The culture of prostate cancer PC-3 cell line was obtained from androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis use as subject. Examination of the potency of E. longifolia root extract was conducted by observing the cells undergoing apoptosis with TUNEL assay. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA test showed that the increase in apoptotic cells was associated proportionally with the concentration levels of E. longifolia root extract and showed a significant difference (α < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The higher the dose of E. longifolia root extract, the higher will be the apoptotic level of adenocarcinoma cells PC3. E. longifolia extract is potentially used in the treatment of prostate cancer by inducing apoptotic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Histological Evaluation of Brain Tissue in Dyslipidemic Rats Treated with Dietary Supplements Based on Amazonian Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Matheus Vinícius de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo de Queiroz Freitas ◽  
Lucas Baltar Rodrigues ◽  
Wenberger Lanza Daniel de Figueiredo ◽  
Geane Antiques Lourenço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurotoxic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Amazonian Fruits

Aims: By using histological analysis, the study aims to evaluate the effect of a nutraceutical based on the Amazonian fruits of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh), acai (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) and guarana (Paullinia cupana) on the brain tissue (hippocampus) of dyslipidemic rats. Methodology: Preclinical trials were conducted using male and female rats (n=30) of the Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) that were randomly divided into five groups (G) (n=6). G1 was control, G2 was induced to obesity with consumption of experimental feed (hypercaloric and hyperlipidic), G3 was induced to obesity with consumption of experimental feed and treated with simvastatin (50 mg/kg/day), and G4 and G5, which were induced to obesity with the consumption of experimental feed and supplemented with 100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day of the formulation, respectively. The study period was 72 days, and, for 37 days, induction to obesity was performed with the experimental feed (hypercaloric and hyperlipidic). During the following weeks, for 35 days, after division of the groups, certain groups received, in parallel, treatment with simvastatin (G3) or supplementation with the nutraceutical (G4 and G5). Subsequently, histological slides of the brain tissue stained with violet cresyl were elaborated, photographed and analyzed. Results: No significant differences were observed between the mean of intact neurons among the experimental groups induced to obesity. The neurotoxic effect, evidenced by the significant difference between the mean of intact neurons between the control group and obesity-induced groups, corroborates the findings of neuronal damage and degenerative processes reported in the literature. Conclusion: The nutraceutical based on Amazonian fruits was not able to prevent the neurotoxic effect arising from the hyperlipidic and hypercaloric diet, and therefore did not present a neuroprotective effect in Wistar rats under the conditions established in the experiment.

scholarly journals Effect of Endoscope Flexibility on Tissue Dissection Profile Assessed With Pulsed Water Jet Device: Ensuring Safety, Efficacy, and Handling of Thin Devices for Neuroendoscopic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Kusunoki ◽  
Tomohiro Kawaguchi ◽  
Atsuhiro Nakagawa ◽  
Yuta Noguchi ◽  
Shinichiro Osawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Jet ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Neuroendoscopic Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Dissection ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pulsed Water Jet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objective: We developed an actuator-driven pulsed water jet device (ADPJ) for flexible neuroendoscopy to achieve effective tissue dissection with vasculature preservation. Although flexibility is a strong advantage for minimally invasiveness, the effect of the ductile curvature on the dissection profiles remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of the curvature change of the ADPJ connecting tube on the dissection safety and efficacy.Results: Three ADPJ connecting tubes with different inner diameters (1.0, 0.75, 0.5 mm) were used to dissect the brain phantom. They were bent at 3 angles: 0 °, 60 °, and 120 °. The dissection profiles were evaluated using the mean depth and coefficient of variation (CV) for efficacy and safety, respectively.The larger inner diameter connecting tube dissected more deeply. The dissection depth was not changed regardless of the curvature degree in each tube. There was no significant difference in CVs regardless of inner diameter and curvature. The ductile curvature of the flexible neuroendoscope did not affect the efficacy and safety of the ADPJ dissection profile. Among the numerous instruments, tube-formed devices, including suction and injecting devices such as ADPJ, can be used safely and effectively without flexibility-related limitations.

scholarly journals Morphometric investigation of neurocranium in domestic cat (Felis catus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Uddin ◽  
MHR Sarker ◽  
ME Hossain ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MB Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Investigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Density

This study was intended to investigate some aspects of the morphometric characteristics of the neurocranium in domestic cat (Felis catus) of Bangladesh. Twenty adult domestic cat including 10 males and 10 female were euthanized using diazepam (@ 20 mg/kg) and their skulls were macerated to give morphometric parameters. Student t-test with level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05) was used to analyze the obtained values. The mean (mean ± SE) neurocranial volume was 28 ± 0.97 ml, neurocranial length was 6.63 ± 0.77 cm, and the neurocranial height and index were 3.32 ± 0.38 cm and 49.83%, respectively. The mean height and width of the foramen magnum were 1.32 ± 0.09 cm and 1.35 ± 0.08 cm, respectively, while the foramen index was below 100 at 90.72 ± 4.93. Parameters for the foramen magnum index showed significant difference between both sexes at p < 0.05. The foramen magnum showed shape variations and there were multiple hypoglossal foramina in over 80% of the cats. Foramen magnum index was positively correlated with neurocranial volume. The results were discussed in terms of the usage of morphologic and morphometric characteristics of cranium and skulls in several basic and clinical applications in cat such as estimation of the brain density and the use of the cat for cranial pressure experiments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17302 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 69-73

scholarly journals Some hematological parameters of Wistar rats treated with Chromolaena odorata leave extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Uchechi Okoroiwu ◽  
Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel Kufre Uko ◽  
Item Justin Atangwho
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the different extracts of Chromolaena odorata leave on the hematopoietic system of Wistar rats. Solvent extraction was used for the ethanol and aqueous extractions while decoction method was used for the crude extraction. Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 140-180 g were used for this study. They were divided into ten groups each containing five rats. The animals were fed the extracts by oral gavage once daily for 21 days. Blood sample was collected via cardiac artery. Hematological parameters were analyzed using automation method. The ethanol extract gave the highest extract yield. The aqueous, ethanol and crude extraction had median lethal toxicity (LD50) of 2738.6 mg/kg, 1581.1 mg/kg and 224.7 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the total white blood cell count was observed in the 75 mg/kg ethanol and 300 mg/kg crude extracts when compared with control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the hemoglobin concentration was observed in the 150 mg/kg ethanol extracts when compared with the control group. Significant difference (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume was seen in the 75 mg/kg aqueous, 150 mg/kg aqueous and 75 mg/kg ethanol extracts in respect to the control group. The mean cell volume, the mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio of the 75 mg/kg aqueous extract were significantly different (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. The present study showed possible treatment-induced hematopoietic function of C. odorata leave extracts.

Vagal interactions on brain stem neurons receiving input from the proximal stomach in cats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. G320-G327 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Barber ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan ◽  
Brian J. Cammarata
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Recording Site ◽  
Proximal Stomach ◽  
Neuronal Interactions ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vagal Afferent ◽  
The Brain

Gastric vagal fibers on the proximal stomach that join the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks were electrically stimulated to localize and evaluate brain stem neuronal interactions in anesthetized cats. The brain stem responses were located in nucleus tractus solitarius in the dorsomedial, caudal region of the medulla oblongata. There was no significant difference in the mean latency of the gastric vagally evoked brain stem response between the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks. The responses consisted of single or multiple spikes with a mean latency of ap290 ± 50 (SD) ms. Forty-one percent, or 168 unitary responses of the 406 total responses recorded, showed convergence of proximal gastric vagal input from both the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks on the same recording site or on the same cell. Of those unitary responses that received convergent proximal gastric vagal input, 95 unitary responses (57%) showed convergence of input to the same area, on different cells at the same recording site during a single trial. Seventy-three single units (43%) received convergent input from proximal gastric vagal afferent fibers in both the dorsal and ventral trunks. Fifty-two, or 7l%, of the single unit convergent responses were excitatory in nature, whereas the remaining 29% were inhibitory. These data demonstrated that proximal gastric vagal afferent fibers that join the dorsal and ventral trunks converged on a significant number of single neurons in the brain stem. The convergent response was synaptically secure and exerted an identifiable biasing effect on the response of the brain stem neuron. These convergent interactions may play an important role in reflex mechanisms concerned with adaptive relaxation to accommodate the ingested content by the proximal stomach. gastric; proximal gastric vagal; ventral vagus; dorsal vagus; nucleus tractus solitarius; vagal brain stem interactions Submitted on March 14, 1988 Accepted on September 19, 1989

Quantification of Blood-Brain Barrier Solute Permeability and Brain Transport by Multiphoton Microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Shi ◽  
Min Zeng ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Bingmei M. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Fluorescein ◽  
P Values ◽  
Solute Permeability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

Development of an optimal systemic drug delivery strategy to the brain will require noninvasive or minimally invasive methods to quantify the permeability of the cerebral microvessel wall or blood-brain barrier (BBB) to various therapeutic agents and to measure their transport in the brain tissue. To address this problem, we used laser-scanning multiphoton microscopy to determine BBB permeability to solutes (P) and effective solute diffusion coefficients (Deff) in rat brain tissue 100–250 μm below the pia mater. The cerebral microcirculation was observed through a section of frontoparietal bone thinned with a microgrinder. Sodium fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans, or Alexa Fluor 488-immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) mammalian Ringer's solution was injected into the cerebral circulation via the ipsilateral carotid artery by a syringe pump at a constant rate of ∼3 ml/min. P and Deff were determined from the rate of tissue solute accumulation and the radial concentration gradient around individual microvessels in the brain tissue. The mean apparent permeability P values for sodium fluorescein (molecular weight (MW) 376 Da), dextran-4k, -20k, -40k, -70k, and IgG (MW ∼160 kDa) were 14.6, 6.2, 1.8, 1.4, 1.3, and 0.54 × 10−7 cm/s, respectively. These P values were not significantly different from those of rat pial microvessels for the same-sized solutes (Yuan et al., 2009, “Non-Invasive Measurement of Solute Permeability in Cerebral Microvessels of the Rat,” Microvasc. Res., 77(2), pp. 166–73), except for the small solute sodium fluorescein, suggesting that pial microvessels can be a good model for studying BBB transport of relatively large solutes. The mean Deff values were 33.2, 4.4, 1.3, 0.89, 0.59, and 0.47 × 10−7 cm2/s, respectively, for sodium fluorescein, dextran-4k, -20k, -40k, -70k, and IgG. The corresponding mean ratio of Deff to the free diffusion coefficient Dfree, Deff/Dfree, were 0.46, 0.19, 0.12, 0.12, 0.11, and 0.11 for these solutes. While there is a significant difference in Deff/Dfree between small (e.g., sodium fluorescein) and larger solutes, there is no significant difference in Deff/Dfree between solutes with molecular weights from 20,000 to 160,000 Da, suggesting that the relative resistance of the brain tissue to macromolecular solutes is similar over a wide size range. The quantitative transport parameters measured from this study can be used to develop better strategies for brain drug delivery.

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