scholarly journals Planting dates and placement of the Sophora plantation on the irrigated lands of the Tashkent oasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
M M Kalandarov ◽  
KH T Mashrapov ◽  
G M Salokhiddinov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Lateral Shoots

Abstract This article is very relevant to set out organizing plantations in the conditions of the Tashkent oasis. Climatic zones of desert and semi-desert under the influence of new conditions (abundance of light and thermal solar energy, a very long growing season, artificial irrigation), the growth and development of sophora is favorable. Annual seedlings under the influence of mineral fertilizers reach a height of up to 110 cm, the growth of lateral shoots of seedlings in the first year after planting is 33 cm.In the conditions of the Tashkent oasis, sophora favorably tolerates short-term winter low air temperatures (up to 30°C), tolerates soil compaction and has established itself gas-, dust-resistant decorative breed. The number of inflorescences on one tree ranges from 16 to 60 pieces, depending on the layout of the seats. Abundant flowering of sophora was noted with a planting pattern of 5.0x4.0, 5.0x3.0 with sufficient sunlight. The content of rutin in fruit elements ranges from 3.9 to 14.7% and depends on agrotechnical care, the state of the plantings themselves and their location.

scholarly journals Pavlovnia - highly productive culture for the production of biofuels and wood

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ya. Humentyk ◽  
O. O. Yaholnyk
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Energy Plantations

Purpose. Creating Ukraine’s own feedstock base for the development of the biofuel industry through the use of energy-efficient technologies for growing high-yielding bioenergy crops on special energy plantations, which, along with high biomass growth for biofuel production, actively absorb carbon dioxide and emit significant amounts of oxygen. Research methods. Field, accounting, statistical, analytical. Results. Energy plantations of wood crops, which in a short term gives an opportunity to obtain a variety of high quality wood products. This line of business is new, which has already proven itself in world practice as one of the most profitable and reliable ways of investment. This process occurs most intensively in highly productive bioenergy crops of group C4, such as: paulownia, sugar sorghum, corn and sugar beets. As a rule, the invested funds are repaid for 3−5 years from the beginning of planting the energy plantation. For plantations with a short growing season, mostly fast-growing trees are used, which allows to reduce the growing season of trees from 10−20 to 3−5 years. This type of wood from specially created energy plantations can be used as a business and to process part of the raw material from waste, which is about 50% in the form of twigs, for fuel chips. Conclusions. The expediency of growing highly productive bioenergy crop of paulownia in different soil and climatic zones of the country in order to produce feedstock for the construction industry and biofuel production is substantiated. Ukraine has all the necessary prerequisites for this.

scholarly journals Features of cultivation of new variety of potato Smolyanochka

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Larisa K. Сhehalkova ◽  
Aminat M. Konova ◽  
Anna Yu. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
New Variety

Relevance For the successful introduction of a new variety of potatoes into production, it is important to know the technological parameters of its cultivation, both for seed and food purposes. Methods Studies on the timing, planting schemes and doses of mineral fertilizers, providing maximum yield of seed and food tubers of a new potato variety Smolyanochka breeding Smolensk GOSHOS, were conducted in 2017-2018. Experience, observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The studies were conducted in the field short-term experience of the Smolensk Institute of agriculture (ex. Smolensk GOSHOS) on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil with low humus content, weak acid reaction of the soil environment, high content of mobile phosphorus and high potassium content. Results Observations of the growth and development of potato plants of the Smolyanochka variety showed that the length of the growing season decreased from early planting to later. Planting schemes and fertilizer doses did not have a significant impact on the duration of development phases in all variants of the experiment. The density of the stem per unit area decreased by 5-18% from earlier planting dates to later and increased with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers to N60P72K90 by 12-28%, compared with the background of N32P32K32. The highest percentage of plant viral diseases during the growing season was observed with a more thickened planting scheme (70x25 cm) and increased with later planting dates. The maximum yield of potato tubers when grown for both seed and food purposes was noted against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P72K90 when planted earlier. Post-harvest tuberous analysis of potatoes showed that all the studied variants of the experiment did not have a significant impact on the affection of potato tubers with fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Productivity of giant micancantus and soil fertility status for fertilizer application

Agrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
V. V. Ivanina ◽  
M. Ya. Humentyk ◽  
V. M. Katelevsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
Terrestrial Biomass

Miscanthus giant is a tall perennial herbaceous plant with a well-developed root system, which is used for biofuel production. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of gi-ant miscanthus in the first year of growing season on the state of soil organic matter, removal and balance of nutrients and biological productivity of crops for fertilization. A four-year survey of the condition of miscanthus plantations was conducted at ‘Veselo Podilska’ research and breeding station during 2016‒2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Indicators of biomass productivity of giant miscanthus and the state of fertility of the grant for fertilizer application in the area of the left-bank of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for the production of solid biofuels are characterized. In the first year of the growing season, giant miscanthus produces more organic matter in the root system than in its terrestrial biomass ‒ 2.5 and 1.6 tons of dry matter/ha, respectively. It was found that foliar fertilization with microfertilizers significantly increased the yield of terrestrial biomass of giant miscanthus in the background of mineral fertilizers. The highest biological yield of ground mass of giant miscanthus was achieved with the introduction of N60P60K60 and two foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Vympel-K, 0.5 l/ha: yield of terrestrial biomass ‒ 3.1 tons of dry matter/ha with the advantage of control without fertilizers ‒ 1.5 tons/ha. In the first year of cultivation miscanthus giant uses a small amount of nutrients from the soil: nitrogen ‒ 20.4‒33.8 kg/ha, phosphorus ‒ 3‒5.3 kg/ha, potassium ‒ 6.1‒12.4 kg/ha . The application of N30P30K30 ferti-lizers was sufficient to form a balanced and expanded balance of nutrients in the soil. The appli-cation of mineral fertilizers did not affect the dynamics of organic matter in typical chernozem. Growing giant miscanthus in the first year of the growing season ensured the stability of the or-ganic matter content in the soil at the level of 4.04‒4.11%. At the same time, the content of mobile phosphorus at the end of the growing season decreased by 17‒18 mg/kg, potassium ‒ by 13‒43 mg/kg of soil. Reducing the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil at the end of the growing season leads to efficient use of plant nutrients, chemical transformation of phosphorus into insoluble compounds and non-exchange adsorption of potassium ions by the soil complex in the biocenosis of miscanthus.

scholarly journals Impact of planting timing on seed yields and productive longevity of eastern goat rue (Galega orientales Lam)

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
V N Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract Eastern goat’s rue (Galega orientales Lam.) has a complex of economically useful features, which makes it a priority introduced fodder crop in different soil and climatic zones. The initial stages of ontogenesis determine the development of plants and the amount of seed yield of goat’s rue for the next year. In the first year, goat’s rue plants develop slowly, which requires its early sowing. It was found that the highest fullness of sprouts in the range of 50-61% was noted when goat’s rue was sown in the period from May 25 to June 5. Moisture conditions of vegetation seasons have a decisive influence on growth and development of plants in the year of sowing and their preservation during the overwintering period. The highest yield of seeds in the 1st year of using was when sowing goat’s rue from the beginning of May to the middle of the first decade of June which provided accumulation of the sum of effective air temperatures 1409,5-1125,00C and amount of precipitation within the range 373,9-335,7 mm from shoots to the end of vegetation in the year of sowing and 1208,30C with 274,9 mm of precipitation in the second year before harvesting. The highest seed yields in the range of 466-560 kg/ha yieldwere obtained from goat’s rue crops of May and June sowing dates. The influence of sowing dates on seed yields was evident during the first two years. In subsequent years, the value of seed yield is leveled.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. A. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.      

scholarly journals Past and future snowmelt trends in the Swiss Alps: the role of temperature and snowpack

2021 ◽  
Vol 165 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vorkauf ◽  
Christoph Marty ◽  
Ansgar Kahmen ◽  
Erika Hiltbrunner
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Strong Shift ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Early Snowmelt

AbstractThe start of the growing season for alpine plants is primarily determined by the date of snowmelt. We analysed time series of snow depth at 23 manually operated and 15 automatic (IMIS) stations between 1055 and 2555 m asl in the Swiss Central Alps. Between 1958 and 2019, snowmelt dates occurred 2.8 ± 1.3 days earlier in the year per decade, with a strong shift towards earlier snowmelt dates during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but non-significant trends thereafter. Snowmelt dates at high-elevation automatic stations strongly correlated with snowmelt dates at lower-elevation manual stations. At all elevations, snowmelt dates strongly depended on spring air temperatures. More specifically, 44% of the variance in snowmelt dates was explained by the first day when a three-week running mean of daily air temperatures passed a 5 °C threshold. The mean winter snow depth accounted for 30% of the variance. We adopted the effects of air temperature and snowpack height to Swiss climate change scenarios to explore likely snowmelt trends throughout the twenty-first century. Under a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5), we simulated snowmelt dates to advance by 6 days per decade by the end of the century. By then, snowmelt dates could occur one month earlier than during the reference periods (1990–2019 and 2000–2019). Such early snowmelt may extend the alpine growing season by one third of its current duration while exposing alpine plants to shorter daylengths and adding a higher risk of freezing damage.

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

scholarly journals Unsupervised Machine Learning and Data Mining Procedures Reveal Short Term, Climate Driven Patterns Linking Physico-Chemical Features and Zooplankton Diversity in Small Ponds

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Nicolò Bellin ◽  
Erica Racchetti ◽  
Catia Maurone ◽  
Marco Bartoli ◽  
Valeria Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Unsupervised Machine Learning ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Shallow Ponds

Machine Learning (ML) is an increasingly accessible discipline in computer science that develops dynamic algorithms capable of data-driven decisions and whose use in ecology is growing. Fuzzy sets are suitable descriptors of ecological communities as compared to other standard algorithms and allow the description of decisions that include elements of uncertainty and vagueness. However, fuzzy sets are scarcely applied in ecology. In this work, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, fuzzy c-means and association rules mining were applied to assess the factors influencing the assemblage composition and distribution patterns of 12 zooplankton taxa in 24 shallow ponds in northern Italy. The fuzzy c-means algorithm was implemented to classify the ponds in terms of taxa they support, and to identify the influence of chemical and physical environmental features on the assemblage patterns. Data retrieved during 2014 and 2015 were compared, taking into account that 2014 late spring and summer air temperatures were much lower than historical records, whereas 2015 mean monthly air temperatures were much warmer than historical averages. In both years, fuzzy c-means show a strong clustering of ponds in two groups, contrasting sites characterized by different physico-chemical and biological features. Climatic anomalies, affecting the temperature regime, together with the main water supply to shallow ponds (e.g., surface runoff vs. groundwater) represent disturbance factors producing large interannual differences in the chemistry, biology and short-term dynamic of small aquatic ecosystems. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms and fuzzy sets may help in catching such apparently erratic differences.

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

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