Effect of rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation

Abstract The availability of nitrogen and sulfur in the rumen should be synchronized to generate microbial protein synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The experimental design was a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDP levels (%CP) (R1= 60%; R2= 55%; R3= 50%; R4= 45%), and factor 2 was sulfur supplementation (S1= 0%; S2= 0.1%; S3= 0.2%). Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that sulfur supplementation improved DMD and OMD without changes in rumen pH. NH3 concentration was influenced by RDP levels. Treatment R1 had the highest NH3 concentration (7.03 mM). There was an interaction of two factors on total VFA concentration. The combination of R1 and S2 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than others. The total bacteria population increased with increasing RDP levels. Protozoa population was affected by RDP levels and sulfur supplementation. This study concluded that a combination of 60% RDP and 0.2% sulfur supplementation resulted in the best ration to improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.

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The Effect of Processing and Cooling Methods on Coleus tuberosus in vitro Starch Digestibility

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.44596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah ◽

Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih ◽

Retno Wulansari ◽

Hera Sisca Prasmita

Keyword(s):

Resistant Starch ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Block Design ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Cooling Methods ◽

Total Starch

Coleus tuberosus, also known as black potato, is one of the Indonesian local tubers consumed as a carbohydrate substituent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of processing and cooling methods on the in vitro digestibility of black potato starch. Furthermore, two factors Randomized Block Design with a 2x3 experimental design was used, which consisted of processing methods (boiling, roasting, and microwave) and cooling at room temperature and 4 °C for 24 hours with 3 repetitions. Black potato flour was compared with the raw form, by assessing some parameters, namely Resistant Starch (RS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), and Glycemic Index (GI). Also, the analysis of total starch, moisture, and color was performed, hence raw black potatoes generally have 10% resistant starch (%wb). Different treatments of cooking and cooling had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on moisture content, total starch, RS, RDS, SDS, GI, brightness (L), and yellowness (b). Black potatoes subjected to the processing method followed by cooling had lower RDS and increased RS content. Furthermore, refrigeration at 4°C for 24 hours reduced the digestibility of black potato starch more than cooling at room temperature. Contrarily, microwaved black potato cooled at room temperature showed a higher digestion rate compared to the raw counterpart. Conclusively, processing followed by cooling reduces the GI and increases the RS content of Coleus tuberosus.

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Pengaruh Inokulasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Kulit Buah Kakao

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i2.9294 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Muhammad Askari Zakariah ◽

Ristianto Utomo ◽

Zaenal Bachruddin

Keyword(s):

Mixed Culture ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Range Test ◽

Fibre Fraction

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixed culture inoculation into cocoa pods silage on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The four treatments were: 1 kg freshly harvested cocoa pods without inoculants as control (K); K + L. plantarum (KLp); K + S. cerevisiae (KSc); and K + L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture (KLp+Sc) 0.1% dry matter, Cassava meal were added in all treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and then fermented for 21 days. Parameters observed in current study were gas test production, ruminal fermentation parameter, and in vitro digestibility. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant differences. Result showed that the mixed culture Lp+Sc inoculation increased (P<0.05) chemical quality of cocoa pods by reducing fibre fraction and increase NFE contents, increased degradation rate, degradation theory, reduced rumen pH, and propionate acid production, without affecting acetate to propionate ratio, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility of cocoa pod silage.

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Characteristics of Ini Vitro Fermentative Digestibility of Odot Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Mott) At Different Planting Spacing and Defoliation Age

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrset207225 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 368-376

Author(s):

La Malesi ◽

Takdir Saili ◽

Ali Bain ◽

Tresjia C Rakian

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Study Data ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ph Level

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of in vitro fermentative digestibility of odot grass planted at different spacing and defoliation ages-days after planting (DAP). The study was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science of the Halu Oleo University and the Laboratory of Nutrition for Dairy Sciences of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University. The study was designed by using factorial randomized block design (3x3). The first factor was planting spacing (60 cm x 90 cm, 75 cm x 90 cm and 90 cm x 90 cm), and the second factor was defoliation age (60 DAP, 90 DAP, and 120 DAP), consisted of 4 groups and there were 36 treatment combinations. The grouping was based on the slope of the land. The study data were analyzed by using analysis of variance using SPSS 21 and if the treatment had a significant effect, a different test between treatments was tested by using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The experimental results showed that the interaction between planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect the characteristics of fermentation and nutrient digestibility in vitro. However, the in vitro fermentation characteristics were affected significantly (p<0.05) by defoliation age, but were not affected by planting spacing whereas the pH level was not affected by spacing and defoliation age. Further tests of the differences between treatments showed that the planting spacing treatment was not significantly different (p>0.05), whereas among the defoliation age treatments were significantly different (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study was the treatment of planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect digestibility in vitro fermentative of grass odot. The treatment of defoliation age independently influenced the in vitro digestibility of odot grass.

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In-vitro nutrient degradability of complete feed containing myristic acid and tannins addition

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202233500047 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

pp. 00047

Author(s):

Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru ◽

Siti Chuzaemi ◽

Muhimmatu Mufidah

Keyword(s):

Myristic Acid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of Myristic acid and the source of condensed tannin on corn straw basedcomplete feed on nutrient content and in vitro digestibility. The method which was used in this experiment was randomized block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of T0 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate), T1 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate + myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T2 complete feed (40% corn straw + 50% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 10%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T3 complete feed (40% corn straw + 45% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T4 (40% corn straw + 40% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 20%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM). Based on the result, it could be concluded that calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM + Myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM on the complete feed (T3) was the best treatment based on nutrient content and increase of dry matter digestibility, but not an effect of organic matter digestibility

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PENENTUAN DOSIS FORMULASI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PHONSKA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays sacharata Sturt.)

EUGENIA ◽

10.35791/eug.25.2.2019.33807 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. G. Tulungen ◽

P. Tumewu ◽

M. Montolalu ◽

John L. Rantung ◽

S. Tulung

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Design Factor ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Physical And Chemical

The use of organic fertilizer provides soil with macronutrients, micronutrients, and organic acids which improve the long-term physical, chemical, and biological fertility of the soil. This research aims to: 1) Increase physical and chemical soil fertility, 2) Acquire the interaction between organic fertilizer and Ponska fertilizer dosage on sweet corn crops, 3) Acquire the most efficient dosage of PONSKA fertilizer on sweet corn, and 4) disseminate research results through journal articles and directly to farmers. This research will increase the efficiency of NPK Ponska chemical fertilizers by utilizing waste from around the farm and lakes to formulate organic fertilizer to apply on sweet corn crops and as a reference to teaching material. Factorial research with two factors was designed using a randomized block design. Factor I (A) = Organic fertilizer formulation, comprising of A1 = 20 ton/ha, A2 = 30 ton/ha, and A3 = 40 ton/ha. Factor II (B) = Phonska fertilizer, comprising of B1 = 25 % Ponska, and B2 = 50% Ponska. Every treatment was replicated four times, yielding 24 research plots. Response variables observed were: Plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of the plant. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honest significance difference test (alpha = 0.05) if significant differences were found. Results showed that the interaction between organic and Phonska fertilizer formulations had significant effects on plant height. A dosage of 40 ton/ha of organic fertilizer can decrease the use of phonska fertilizer by 75% based on the height of sweet corn plants.

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In vitro evaluation of the association of chitosan and cashew nut shell liquid as additives for ruminants

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-994005102019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Cristina PEREIRA ◽

Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de GOES ◽

Antônio Campanha MARTINEZ ◽

Jefferson Rodrigues GANDRA ◽

Eduardo PRESENDO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Cashew Nut Shell

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the in vitro digestibility of nutrients from different diets added with chitosan (Q), technic cashew nut shell liquid (LCC) and the association of Q and LCC. The treatments used consisted of 4 diets (forage: concentrate ratio of 100: 0, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80) associated with 4 additives (control, chitosan, LCC and the association of Q + LCC), totaling 16 treatments, in a 4x4 factorial randomized block design. The dosages used were: Control (without additives), LCC (600mg/kg DM), Chitosan (900mg/kg DM), and LCCQ (600mg/kg LCC DM + 900mg/kg Chitosan DM). In the laboratory, samples were analyzed for IVDMD, IVNDFD, IVCPD, pH and RAN (ruminal ammonia nitrogen). For pH and RAN analyses, samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after incubation. The results showed higher digestibility of DM, NDF and CP for diets with chitosan and technic cashew nut shell liquid alone and higher pH and RAN values in the diets containing the two additives. The association of additives brings better results for animal nutrition and increases ruminant productivity.

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Degradability, in vitro fermentation parameters and kinetic degradation of diets with increasing levels of forage and chitosan

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab086 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amanna Gonzaga Jacaúna ◽

Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽

Leonardo de Oliveira Seno ◽

Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽

Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Potential Use

Abstract Chitosan is the second most important natural biopolymer in the world, extracted from crustaceans, shrimps, and crabs; and can modulate rumen fermentation. Our hypothesis is that the addition of chitosan alters the fermentation patterns of different diets for ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of chitosan and forage on in vitro dry degradation kinetics and fermentation in a gas production system. The chitosan levels (0, 1625, 3500 or 7500 mg/kg of DM) were arranged in a completely randomized block design, and for in vitro ruminal fermentation assay we used a split splot arrangement. Into the incubator, all chitosan levels were distributed in the four jars, and the forage levels varying on 100, 65, 50, 35 and 20 on DM basis. Chitosan and roughage levels interaction effect (P≤0.05) on IVDMD; IVOMD. IVDCP and IVDNDF. Chitosan negatively affected IVDMD in all roughage levels evaluated. The pH and ammonia concentration present effect only for roughage levels and incubation hours. The chitosan didn’t change (P=0.3631) the total short-chain fatty acid concentration (overall mean = 21.19 mmol/L) and the C2:C3 ratio (overall mean = 5.85). The IVDCP showed the same decreasing quadratic behavior (P<0.0001). The increasing chitosan addition increases (P<0.0001) the gas production and decreases the (P<0.0001) the lag time (parameter C) of diets with greater concentrate participation, characterizing greater efficiency in the degradability of the diet, confirming its potential use in diets for ruminants. Chitosan changes in vitro dry degradation kinetics and fermentation at the minimum dose of 1722 mg/kg DM for all diets. The roughage level influenced the in vitro nutrients degradability and cumulative gas production.

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Potential of methane and carbon dioxide in vitro production by Urochloa hybrid subjected to periods of coexistence with weeds

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-47709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Edenilson Meurer ◽

Sara Carvalho de Brito ◽

Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽

Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽

Dagoberto Martins

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

World Population ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

In Vitro Production ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

Randomized Block Design

The increased world population has raised the demand for animal proteins, forcing livestock to become productive, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to assess the effect of weed coexistence on productivity, nutritional quality, and potential production of greenhouse gases (GHG) by Convert HD364 grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) under pasture renovation conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and treatments consisting of eight coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after seedling emergence. Phytosociological assessments were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Convert HD364 grass was assessed for the morphological and chemical-bromatological parameters and for the GHG emission potential. Productivity, nutritional quality, and energy value of the Convert HD364 grass decreased proportionally with the increased period of weed coexistence. The non-coexistence with weeds results in a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the potential of GHG emission by the dry matter of the Convert HD364 grass.

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Physical quality and digestibility in vitro determination of green pellet concentrate based on Indigofera zollingeriana

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v22i3.1651 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andi Tarigan ◽

Simon P. Ginting ◽

I. I. Arief ◽

D. A. Astuti ◽

L. Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Green Pellet ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽

Total Bacteria

This study aims to determine the physical quality and digestibility of green pellet concentrate based on I. zollingeriana. The composition of green pellet concentrate feed contains I. zollingeriana and C. calothyrsus in the following combinations: 1) I. zollingeriana /C. calothyrsus (90/0; R0), 2) I. zollingeriana/C. calothyrsus (75/15; R1), 3) I. zollingeriana/C. calothyrsus (60/30; R2) and 4) I. zollingeriana / C. calothyrsus (45/45; R3). The physical quality study of green pellet concentrate was performed using a completely randomized design with four types of green concentrate as treatments of three replications. Green pellet concentrate studies conducted in vitro rumen fermentation were performed using in a randomized block design with four treatments and three sources of liquid rumen as a block. The results of the experiments conducted with pellet criteria containing I. zollingeriana/C. calothyrsus composition (60/30; R2) have the best physical character (water activity = 0.58; particles size = 12.69 mm; degree value angles = 21.01o; collision endurance = 99.78%; endurance friction = 90.42 %; bulk density = 590 kg/m3) compared to the other treatments. The quality of diet based on digestibility in vitro, dry matter and organic material having a pattern equal to R0 is higher (P<0.05) compared with other treatments, while the rough digestibility of In Vitro protein is seen R0, R1, and R2 (P>0.05), but (P<0.05) was higher than the treatment of R3. There was no difference of pH and total bacteria on green pellet concentrate type. The treatment of R3 has the lowest NH3, VFA and total gas concentration (P<0.5) compared with R2, R1 and R0. It was concluded that concentrate green pellet of I. zollingeriana composition (60%) and C.calothyrsus (30%) had better physical and nutritional quality.

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PSII-22 Effects of Clinoptilolite inclusion on Ruminant Invitro Digestibility

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 404-404

Author(s):

Leeroy A Lente ◽

Roderick A Gonzalez Murray ◽

Shawn L Archibeque

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Period Data ◽

The Cost ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Zeolite (ZE, clinoptilolite) inclusion on in vitro rumen fermentation. A modified procedure from Tilley and Terry (1963) was used to determine alfalfa in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in the presence or absence of ZE. Test tubes (n = 96) were placed in a 39 °C bath and were blocked based on hours 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48. Substrate consisted of dried alfalfa grinded through a 1mm screen using a Wily Mill. Treatments consisted of, Control (no ZE inclusion), and 0.05g ZE, for each 1 gram of alfalfa. After incubation, IVDMD was calculated 24 hours after drying period. Data was analyzed using a randomized block design. The IVDMD was found to be similar across all treatments (P > 0.8464). The IVDMD was significantly different when incubated for the varying lengths of time (P < 0.001). There was an IVDMD of 20.18 ± 2.89 % for the control and 18.07 ± 5.49 % for the ZE at the zero hour. The IVDMD for Control and ZE for 48 hours were 54.30 ± 1.58 % and 53. 48 ± 1.04 % respectively. To predict the IVDMD of the effects of ZE treatment on digestibility over time, the corresponding regression f(x) = 20.60 + 0.421X1 + 0.730X2 with R2 = 0.8464. In conclusion these data demonstrate that inclusion of ZE, does not influence the in vitro digestibility of alfalfa. These findings are important as previous data would indicate that inclusion of ZE may reduce cost of gain and/or influence liver abscess rates, it was uncertain if that would come at the cost of reduced digestibility of feed. These data indicate that there is likely very little to no impact on feed digestibility when ZE is included in the ration.

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