scholarly journals Potential of methane and carbon dioxide in vitro production by Urochloa hybrid subjected to periods of coexistence with weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenilson Meurer ◽  
Sara Carvalho de Brito ◽  
Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
Dagoberto Martins
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The increased world population has raised the demand for animal proteins, forcing livestock to become productive, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This study aimed to assess the effect of weed coexistence on productivity, nutritional quality, and potential production of greenhouse gases (GHG) by Convert HD364 grass (Urochloa hibrida cv. Mulato II) under pasture renovation conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and treatments consisting of eight coexistence periods: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 days after seedling emergence. Phytosociological assessments were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Convert HD364 grass was assessed for the morphological and chemical-bromatological parameters and for the GHG emission potential. Productivity, nutritional quality, and energy value of the Convert HD364 grass decreased proportionally with the increased period of weed coexistence. The non-coexistence with weeds results in a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the potential of GHG emission by the dry matter of the Convert HD364 grass.

scholarly journals Potential of Greenhouse Gas Production by Guinea Grass Subjected to Weed Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Sidnei Roberto de Marchi ◽  
Amanda Cristina de Sousa ◽  
Ricardo Fagundes Marques ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo Marques de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Guinea Grass

The world population growth and the increasing purchasing power have raised the demand for animal proteins, especially meat and milk. This has made it essential to intensify livestock production by making it productive, efficient and at the same time sustainable, which today is a great challenge for cattle ranchers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of coexistence with weeds on productivity, nutritional quality and potential of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission by Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa) in pasture renewal conditions. The experiment was set up in randomized blocks, four replications, with treatments consisting of eight periods of coexistence: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 days after seedlings emergence. Phyto-sociological evaluations were performed in the weed community at the end of each coexistence period. The Guinea grass was evaluated as for morphological, chemical and bromatological parameters and as for the potential of total gas, methane and carbon dioxide emission. The results show that productivity, nutritional quality and energy value of Guinea grass decreases proportionally to the increase in the period of coexistence with weeds. The non-coexistence with weeds provides a better in vitro digestibility of organic matter and, consequently, decreases the GHG emission potential by the dry matter of Guinea grass.

scholarly journals The Effect of Processing and Cooling Methods on Coleus tuberosus in vitro Starch Digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah ◽  
Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih ◽  
Retno Wulansari ◽  
Hera Sisca Prasmita
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Total Starch

Coleus tuberosus, also known as black potato, is one of the Indonesian local tubers consumed as a carbohydrate substituent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of processing and cooling methods on the in vitro digestibility of black potato starch. Furthermore, two factors Randomized Block Design with a 2x3 experimental design was used, which consisted of processing methods (boiling, roasting, and microwave) and cooling at room temperature and 4 °C for 24 hours with 3 repetitions. Black potato flour was compared with the raw form, by assessing some parameters, namely Resistant Starch (RS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), and Glycemic Index (GI). Also, the analysis of total starch, moisture, and color was performed, hence raw black potatoes generally have 10% resistant starch (%wb). Different treatments of cooking and cooling had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on moisture content, total starch, RS, RDS, SDS, GI, brightness (L), and yellowness (b). Black potatoes subjected to the processing method followed by cooling had lower RDS and increased RS content. Furthermore, refrigeration at 4°C for 24 hours reduced the digestibility of black potato starch more than cooling at room temperature. Contrarily, microwaved black potato cooled at room temperature showed a higher digestion rate compared to the raw counterpart. Conclusively, processing followed by cooling reduces the GI and increases the RS content of Coleus tuberosus.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Ini Vitro Fermentative Digestibility of Odot Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Mott) At Different Planting Spacing and Defoliation Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
La Malesi ◽  
Takdir Saili ◽  
Ali Bain ◽  
Tresjia C Rakian
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ph Level

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of in vitro fermentative digestibility of odot grass planted at different spacing and defoliation ages-days after planting (DAP). The study was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science of the Halu Oleo University and the Laboratory of Nutrition for Dairy Sciences of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University. The study was designed by using factorial randomized block design (3x3). The first factor was planting spacing (60 cm x 90 cm, 75 cm x 90 cm and 90 cm x 90 cm), and the second factor was defoliation age (60 DAP, 90 DAP, and 120 DAP), consisted of 4 groups and there were 36 treatment combinations. The grouping was based on the slope of the land. The study data were analyzed by using analysis of variance using SPSS 21 and if the treatment had a significant effect, a different test between treatments was tested by using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The experimental results showed that the interaction between planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect the characteristics of fermentation and nutrient digestibility in vitro. However, the in vitro fermentation characteristics were affected significantly (<em>p</em><0.05) by defoliation age, but were not affected by planting spacing whereas the pH level was not affected by spacing and defoliation age. Further tests of the differences between treatments showed that the planting spacing treatment was not significantly different (<em>p</em>>0.05), whereas among the defoliation age treatments were significantly different (<em>p</em><0.05). The conclusion of this study was the treatment of planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect digestibility in vitro fermentative of grass odot. The treatment of defoliation age independently influenced the in vitro digestibility of odot grass.

scholarly journals In-vitro nutrient degradability of complete feed containing myristic acid and tannins addition

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00047
Author(s):  
Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru ◽  
Siti Chuzaemi ◽  
Muhimmatu Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of Myristic acid and the source of condensed tannin on corn straw basedcomplete feed on nutrient content and in vitro digestibility. The method which was used in this experiment was randomized block design with four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of T0 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate), T1 complete feed (40% corn straw + 60% concentrate + myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T2 complete feed (40% corn straw + 50% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 10%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T3 complete feed (40% corn straw + 45% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM), T4 (40% corn straw + 40% concentrate + calliandra leaf meal 20%/Kg DM and myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM). Based on the result, it could be concluded that calliandra leaf meal 15%/Kg DM + Myristic acid 30 g/Kg DM on the complete feed (T3) was the best treatment based on nutrient content and increase of dry matter digestibility, but not an effect of organic matter digestibility

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the association of chitosan and cashew nut shell liquid as additives for ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina PEREIRA ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de GOES ◽  
Antônio Campanha MARTINEZ ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues GANDRA ◽  
Eduardo PRESENDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the in vitro digestibility of nutrients from different diets added with chitosan (Q), technic cashew nut shell liquid (LCC) and the association of Q and LCC. The treatments used consisted of 4 diets (forage: concentrate ratio of 100: 0, 50:50, 40:60 and 20:80) associated with 4 additives (control, chitosan, LCC and the association of Q + LCC), totaling 16 treatments, in a 4x4 factorial randomized block design. The dosages used were: Control (without additives), LCC (600mg/kg DM), Chitosan (900mg/kg DM), and LCCQ (600mg/kg LCC DM + 900mg/kg Chitosan DM). In the laboratory, samples were analyzed for IVDMD, IVNDFD, IVCPD, pH and RAN (ruminal ammonia nitrogen). For pH and RAN analyses, samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after incubation. The results showed higher digestibility of DM, NDF and CP for diets with chitosan and technic cashew nut shell liquid alone and higher pH and RAN values in the diets containing the two additives. The association of additives brings better results for animal nutrition and increases ruminant productivity.

scholarly journals Effect of rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
A Rosmalia ◽  
Astriani ◽  
W P Sahroni ◽  
I G Permana ◽  
Despal
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Degradable Protein

Abstract The availability of nitrogen and sulfur in the rumen should be synchronized to generate microbial protein synthesis. This study aimed to evaluate rumen degradable protein and sulfur supplementation on in vitro digestibility and ruminal fermentation. The experimental design was a 4 x 3 factorial randomized block design. Factor 1 was RDP levels (%CP) (R1= 60%; R2= 55%; R3= 50%; R4= 45%), and factor 2 was sulfur supplementation (S1= 0%; S2= 0.1%; S3= 0.2%). Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Duncan test. The result showed that sulfur supplementation improved DMD and OMD without changes in rumen pH. NH3 concentration was influenced by RDP levels. Treatment R1 had the highest NH3 concentration (7.03 mM). There was an interaction of two factors on total VFA concentration. The combination of R1 and S2 resulted in the highest total VFA concentration than others. The total bacteria population increased with increasing RDP levels. Protozoa population was affected by RDP levels and sulfur supplementation. This study concluded that a combination of 60% RDP and 0.2% sulfur supplementation resulted in the best ration to improve ruminal fermentation and digestibility.

scholarly journals PSII-22 Effects of Clinoptilolite inclusion on Ruminant Invitro Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 404-404
Author(s):  
Leeroy A Lente ◽  
Roderick A Gonzalez Murray ◽  
Shawn L Archibeque
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Period Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Zeolite (ZE, clinoptilolite) inclusion on in vitro rumen fermentation. A modified procedure from Tilley and Terry (1963) was used to determine alfalfa in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in the presence or absence of ZE. Test tubes (n = 96) were placed in a 39 °C bath and were blocked based on hours 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48. Substrate consisted of dried alfalfa grinded through a 1mm screen using a Wily Mill. Treatments consisted of, Control (no ZE inclusion), and 0.05g ZE, for each 1 gram of alfalfa. After incubation, IVDMD was calculated 24 hours after drying period. Data was analyzed using a randomized block design. The IVDMD was found to be similar across all treatments (P &gt; 0.8464). The IVDMD was significantly different when incubated for the varying lengths of time (P &lt; 0.001). There was an IVDMD of 20.18 ± 2.89 % for the control and 18.07 ± 5.49 % for the ZE at the zero hour. The IVDMD for Control and ZE for 48 hours were 54.30 ± 1.58 % and 53. 48 ± 1.04 % respectively. To predict the IVDMD of the effects of ZE treatment on digestibility over time, the corresponding regression f(x) = 20.60 + 0.421X1 + 0.730X2 with R2 = 0.8464. In conclusion these data demonstrate that inclusion of ZE, does not influence the in vitro digestibility of alfalfa. These findings are important as previous data would indicate that inclusion of ZE may reduce cost of gain and/or influence liver abscess rates, it was uncertain if that would come at the cost of reduced digestibility of feed. These data indicate that there is likely very little to no impact on feed digestibility when ZE is included in the ration.

Increase nutritional content and in vitro digestibility of forage legumes by adding molybdenum with foliar spray methods

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iin Susilawati ◽  
Nyimas Popi Indriani ◽  
Lizah Khairani ◽  
U. Hidayat Tanuwiria
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

Legumes as a source of protein is one of the most important nutrients for the ruminants. The experiment was carried out in the field of Forage Crop Laboratory of Padjadjaran University from october 2016 until January 2017, to study the effect of molybdenum fertilization on quality and in vitro digestibility on legumes. The design used was randomized block design with six treatment combinations consisting two levels of molybdenum (0 and 1.5 kg Mo ha-1) with foliar spray methods and three species of legumes (Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Centrosema pubescens) replicated four times. The results showed that the type of legume and molybdenum fertilizer had significant effect on crude protein content, ash content and in vitro digestibility but no significant effect on crude fiber content of forage legume.

Management of Aries and Aruana Guinea grass cultivars under rotational stocking based on canopy light interception

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
F. P. Campos ◽  
P. Sarmento ◽  
W. T. Mattos ◽  
L. Gerdes ◽  
R. A. Carnevalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract Efforts were made to obtain forage cultivars with high production capacity and quality and to determine the ideal time to start animal grazing, respecting the morphological characteristics of the grasses. For this purpose, the nutritional value, digestibility and characteristics of the forage canopy of Aries and Aruana (Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) or Panicum maximum) cultivars kept under rotational stocking with sheep were evaluated and the management height was determined based on 95% light interception (LI). The experiment was evaluated with repeated measures over time (grazing cycles by season, in 2 years) with a treatment factor (grass cultivar) in a completely randomized block design with eight replicates, using 800 m2 paddocks. The height of the forage canopy before grazing (pre-grazing) determined by 95% LI stabilized around 29 cm. The highest proportion of Aruana leaf blades was observed in winter. Aries grass presented similar leaf blade percentages in summer, autumn and spring. Similar forage accumulation (FA) was observed for both cultivars, decreasing in spring, autumn and winter. Higher crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were seen in Aries grass, while Aruana grass presented higher neutral and acid detergent fibre and cellulose and lower IVDMD. The nutritional quality of the grasses was maintained throughout the year. The height of the forage canopy of Aries and Aruana recommended for entry into the paddock is 29 cm to maintain nutritional quality. The successful management strategy adopted for grasses combined with nitrogen fertilization provided a greater forage mass quality.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of improved populations Brachiaria ruziziensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Luciana Linhares Marcelino ◽  
Gisele Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Fausto Souza Sobrinho ◽  
Maria Izabel Vieira de Almeida ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Forage Value

A low number of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Syn. Urochloa) cultivars available on the market and a lack of information about its forage potential have made it difficult to expand its cultivated area, and have therefore made it necessary to implement a breeding program for this species. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of ten improved populations of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Syn. Urochloa) and two controls (B. ruziziensis cv. Kennedy and B. brizantha cv. Marandu). The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications in five sections. The data were submitted to analysis of variance in the subdivided plot in which the primary factors were the populations and the secondary cuts. The Tukey test was used at 5% of significance for the comparison of means. The genotypes used came from the third recurrent selection cycle of Embrapa dairy cattle, originating from the interbreeding of clones which had been identified as superior. The height of the cuts was 10 cm in relation to the ground. The material was cut and weighed in the field to obtain the sample weights to determine the nutritional forage value. After drying, the samples were ground in 1 mm sieves for chemical analyzes and in vitro digestibility. The best CP, ADF and NDF levels observed in IV populations (lower levels of ADF and NDF at 93 days of cut interval and lower NDF contents at 35 and 41 days of cut interval), population VI (higher CP content in the interval of 93 days, lower DM content at 64 and 93 days of cut interval, and lower NDF content at 35 and 64 days of cut interval) showed that these populations can be evaluated under grazing even at an advanced maturation stage. The objective of these selections was to evaluate the nutritional value of improved populations of Brachiaria ruziziensis (Syn. Urochloa) in order to obtain more homogeneous populations for implantation of grazing experiments.

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