Human Capital and the Long‐Term View of the Labor Market

Jacob Mincer ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 82-108
Author(s):  
Jacob Mincer
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market

scholarly journals Determinants of the wage gap in Ecuador: analysis under a minceriano model related to dummy aggregate variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (29) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis López Lapo ◽  
Germania Sarmiento Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Secondary Information

Introduction The Human Capital Theory exposes that inequality in labor income is due to different factors, including productivity and education. Objectiveanalyze income inequality in the Ecuadorian labor market. The research takes data from the National Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Survey of INEC estimating the Mincerian equation (1974) by adding dummy variables.Materials and methods The research takes data of secondary information that rests in the ENEMDU survey updated to December 2018 that includes the characteristics of the EAP in Ecuador. Resultscharacterization of the gender variable, schooling positively influences their hourly wages. Discussion Regarding the gender variable, this long term of not correcting the salary differences may have an impact on old age. ConclusionsWhen there is gender discrimination, it is imperative to identify and quantify the jobs and professions to which women have access in a lesser proportion.

scholarly journals EFFICIENT SUPPLY OF HUMAN CAPITAL: ROLE OF COLLEGE MAJOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (05) ◽  
pp. 1319-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNGJIN CHO ◽  
JIHYE KAM ◽  
SOOHYUNG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Engineering Majors ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
College Majors ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the extent to which changing the composition of college majors among working-age population may affect the supply of human capital or effective labor supply. We use the South Korean setting, in which the population is rapidly aging, but where, despite their high educational attainment, women and young adults are still weakly attached to the labor market. We find that engineering majors have an advantage in various outcomes such as likelihood of being in the labor force, being employed, obtaining long-term position, and earnings, while Humanities and Arts/Athletics majors show the worst outcomes. We then conduct a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the impact of the recently proposed policy change to increase the share of engineering majors by 10% starting in 2017. Our calculation suggests that the policy change may have a positive but small impact on labor market outcomes.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC THE EXPERIENCE OF POLAND

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
O.G. Brintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
State Level ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
The Social

The main factors that reduce the efficiency of the use of human capital in the socio-labor sphere are determined: socio-economic and political instability; shadowing of the economy; "cheap labor" policy; lack of a culture of investing in employee development, as well as systematic career planning; the need to adapt the labor market and employers to the conditions of remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic, etc. The Polish experience in the regulation of the social and labor sphere, the reduction of asymmetries that determine the formation and use of unproductive forms of human capital is studied. The priority directions of its implementation are determined: de-shadowing of the economy through the introduction of a system of actions at the state level, which will increase social guarantees, increase the official size of the average wage, improve working conditions; implementation of anti-discrimination policy in the national labor market; increasing the level of social responsibility of employers; implementation of long-term strategies for professional development of employees; support for further development of digital competencies of employees; increasing the level of digitalization of business processes of enterprises; ensuring a balance between work and personal life; providing protection against cyber threats, etc.

The Labor Market Status of Immigrants: Effects of the Unemployment Rate at Arrival and Duration of Residence

ILR Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R. Chiswick ◽  
Yinon Cohen ◽  
Tzippi Zach
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Immigrant Men

Combining Current Population Survey samples from November 1979, April 1983, June 1986, and June 1988, all of which included data on country of birth and year of immigration, the authors examine patterns of immigrant employment and unemployment. Human capital was less strongly linked to employment status for immigrant men than for native-born white men, probably because human capital acquired outside the United States was only imperfectly transferable to the U.S. labor market. Immigrants had some initial difficulty finding work, but their employment and unemployment rates quickly attained levels comparable to those of the native-born. There is no evidence that immigrants who arrived in a recession were subjected to a long-term “scarring” effect. Immigrants' labor market status appears to have been somewhat more sensitive to cyclical changes in economic activity than was that of the native-born.

The evolution of China's rural labor market in the 21st century: an empirical study based on nationally representative survey data at the household level

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonglong Zhang ◽  
Xiaowen Huang ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Linxiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Migration

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the development of China's rural labor markets and the identification of the important factors that affect rural labor's off-farm employment and migration.Design/methodology/approachBased on a set of long-term panel data, this paper makes a clear judgment on the trend of rural labor transfer. High-quality survey design makes it possible to examine the development of the rural labor market from multiple dimensions. Adding household fixed effects to the empirical model alleviates endogenous problems.FindingsThe authors find that the increasing trend toward off-farm employment, which is dominated by migration, has continued. There are some other important findings: (1). young male workers dominated off-farm employment, but the gap between groups continues to narrow; (2). the structure of employment is a good response to the economic transformation and (3). the quality of off-farm laborers, especially in terms of human capital, has also enhanced significantly and has continued to support off-farm employment and migration. These findings all indicate that the China's rural labor markets have been constantly improving in recent years, although there is still segmentation.Originality/valueIt is the first paper that uses a nationally representative survey data to address the development of rural labor market in the 21st century. With the help of a long-term panel data structure and by controlling the household-level fixed-effect, the authors obtained a deeper and more robust conclusion. Specifically, this article finds that whether it is for the off-farm transfer or the migration, the influence of labor age, gender, human capital and marital status is gradually weakening.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Paradoxes of reservation wage setting in the Russian labor market. Part I

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov ◽  
A. Lukyanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reservation Wage ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Reservation Wages ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Subjective Estimates ◽  
Objective Indicators

Using panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for 2006-2014, the paper investigates reservation wages setting in the Russian labor market. The sample includes non-employed individuals wishing to get a job (both searchers and non-searchers). The first part of the paper provides a survey of previous empirical studies, describes data and analyzes subjective estimates of reservation wages in comparison with various objective indicators of actual wages. The analysis shows that wage aspirations of the majority of Russian non-employed individuals are overstated. However their wage expectations are rather flexible and decrease rapidly as the search continues that prevents high long-term unemployment. The second part of the paper provides an econometric analysis of main determinants of reservation wage and its impact on probability of re-employment and wages on searchers’ new jobs.

DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN. WORLD EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sulkhiya Gazieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Digital Logic ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future

The future of labor market depends upon several factors, long-term innovation and the demographic developments. However, one of the main drivers of technological change in the future is digitalization and central to this development is the production and use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies, including the computer,the smart phone and the Internet. Especially, smart automation will perhaps not cause e.g.regarding industries, occupations, skills, tasks and duties

Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile al año 2011 y evolución desde el año 2003

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Marcelo Yáñez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Family Labor ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Unemployment ◽  
Poor Population

RESUMENEl artículo muestra los principales resultados de la investigación Percepción de la Población Pobre de Santiago sobre el Mercado Laboral en Chile, realizada durante 9 años consecutivos desde 2003, por la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. El estudio incluye antecedentes sobre las concepciones de empleo y desempleo de este grupo de la población, así como la identificación de quienes –a su juicio– serían los responsables de que las personas pobres obtengan un trabajo y la calificación que le asignan a su gestión. También contempla sus percepciones en torno al apoyo del Estado, nivel de desempleo, influencia del capital social, respeto por los trabajadores, igualdad de oportunidades, poder de los sindicatos, entre otros aspectos, además del nivel de desempleo familiar y tipo de problemas laborales que han enfrentado.Palabras clave: mercado laboral, pobreza, percepciones, equidad.Este estudio ha sido realizado en el contexto de la investigación “Percepción de la población pobre de Santiago sobre las condiciones de acceso, equidad y satisfacción en la obtención de bienes básicos y públicos – año 2011: visión evolutiva desde el año 2003”, que es parte del Programa de Investigación de la Escuela de Administración y Economía de la UCSH. Esta investigación ha sido financiada desde sus inicios y en su totalidad con fondos propios de esta Universidad.Perception of the Poor Population from Santiago of The Labor Market in Chile in the year 2011 and evolution from 2003ABSTRACTThe paper shows the main results of a long-term investigation on the perceptions of the poor of Santiago of the labor market in Chile, which began in 2003 and was carried out by the School of Management and Economics at the Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez. The study includes background on the concepts of employment and unemployment in this group of the population, and the identification of those who, in his opinion, would be responsible for the poor to get a job and the rating assigned to their management. It also includes their perceptions of the support of the state, unemployment, social capital influence, respect for workers, equal opportunities, union power, among other things, besides the level of unemployment and type of family labor problems they have faced.Keywords: labor market, poverty, perceptions, equity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document