1. What and why of microeconomics

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Avinash Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Housing Bubble ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Incentive Mechanisms ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Two Sides

‘What and why of microeconomics’ explains that microeconomics studies how consumers choose what goods and services to buy, how producers make decisions to meet these demands, and how the two sides interact. Mostly the transactions work fairly smoothly, but occasionally things do go wrong. Sometimes failures are drastic, like the gasoline shortages in the 1970s and the housing bubble and its collapse in the 2000s, so a basic understanding of microeconomics is important. When and how do transactions go well? When and why do they fail? What can be done if they fail? Information and incentive mechanisms to coordinate transactions and how prices work are the main subject matter of microeconomics.

scholarly journals In Search for the Scope of Main Subject Matter within Article 4(2) of Directive 93/13 after Andriciuc. Practical Consequences of the General CJEU Pronouncements

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Piotr Sitnik
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Recent Case ◽  
Swiss Franc ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Unfair Terms ◽  
The Eu

The paper delves into the intricacies surrounding the ‘main subject matter’ requirement with a view to delineating its scope by reference to CJEU jurisprudence. Specifically, regard is had to the recent case of Andriciuc, its dictum and potential ramifications it may have for the judicial purview in the field of unfair terms control. Practice in recent years has brought to the fore the issue of indexation clauses as the focal point for doctrinal disputes. Comprehensive analyses of the main subject matter have also been carried out by Polish courts at all instances, including that in the Supreme Court, within the context of claims brought by consumers who entered into loans denominated in the Swiss Franc following the events of the so-called ‘Black Thursday’. The paper strives to decode the practical ramifications of the CJEU’s general doctrinal interpretations, offeringsuccinct corollaries pertaining to the compatibility with the EU standard, of the judicial interpretations of Poland’s courts with regard to the concept.

Classification of Digital Technologies in the Sphere of Public Procurement and corporate Readiness for Their Implementation

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
M. Umnova ◽  
A. Kokoreva ◽  
O. Ikonnikov
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Business World ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The digitalization of public procurement is a popular topic of discussion in both the scientific and business world. Currently, government procurement of goods and services in Russia does not use the full potential of digital technologies and is at the stage of electronization and automation. Technologies such as big data analytics, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and additive manufacturing are not yet widely used. This article examines this problem from two sides. First, the existing and promising digital technologies of public procurement are studied, their classification is given by complexity, level of application and functions. The directions for the development of digital technologies are discussed using examples in Russian and foreign practice. Secondly, attention is also paid to the problem of organizations' readiness for digital transformation in technological and organizational aspects, taking into account the influence of environmental factors.

The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China and the Japanese Occupation. By Philip Snow. [New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003. xxvii+477 pp. £25.00. ISBN 0-300-09352-7.]

2004 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 529-530
Author(s):  
Hugh D. R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
History Of

This title has been used before, but usually with reference just to the conquest of Hong Kong by Japan in 1941, and here the battle for the territory is covered in a mere 20 pages. The main subject matter is indeed the Japanese occupation, but the title may be taken to have double reference because it is Snow's thesis that it was this brief period of less than four years that led inexorably to the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. He argues that the loss of Britain's imperial prestige was exacerbated and set in concrete by the clear message of post-1945 history that it was the Chinese who were the driving power behind Hong Kong and her development. Too weak (sometimes too insensitive) to take full economic advantage from events, the British presided over “an astonishing explosion of wealth. But in the process their own role had become so exiguous that it no longer really mattered, was indeed barely noticeable . . .“ This may be rather too harsh a judgement on the British (who in their ‘second innings’ hung on for more than half a century after all) but Snow is surely right in tracing the beginning of the distant end to the Japanese conquest which drew a line under received truths and cleared the way for the emergence of new attitudes on all sides.The political history of the pre-invasion period from the late 1930s, of the occupation itself, and of the immediate years after British resumption of control in August 1945 is nicely pieced together from a wide variety of sources, and Snow has tried hard to draw on Chinese, Japanese and Eurasian writings as well as on the much greater wealth of British accounts, both official and private. In this striving after balance he has had only limited success, the result still being an Anglocentric history, though certainly not entirely an Anglophile one. The problem is not of his making, but reflects the relatively sparse and unsystematic nature of sources available at present in Chinese especially.

scholarly journals The role of scientific language in Philip Pulman’s ‘His Dark Materials’

Mnemosyne ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Annalisa Bonomo
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Scientific Language ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
His Dark Materials ◽  
Political Opinion ◽  
The World

Philip Pullman’s epic is a ‘dark matter’ made up of religious and scientific underpinnings which challenge his readers’ knowledge of the world, making them ‘intellectually adventurous’. Although scientific language seems to sound uncomfortable to his younger readers, he builds on myth and physics a new dimension of « stark realism dealing with matters that might normally be encountered in works of realism, such as adolescence, sexuality, and so on; and they are the main subject matter of the story - the fantasy is there to support and embody them, not for its own sake ». Pullman’s heroes (Lyra, Lord Asriel, Mrs Coulter and Mary Malone) are all scientists involved in a new political opinion of the world and in the role to be played in a universe which seems to be ‘probabilistic’.

scholarly journals Medical Economics: Legalize Organ Markets

The Winners ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Justin Callais ◽  
Walter E. Block
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Organ Transplants ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Organ Markets

The article argued to the contrary that at least insofar as organ transplants were concerned, this general assumption lied 180 degrees away from the truth. The first reaction of most concerned people, at the prospect of buying and selling human body parts, was one of revulsion. And, yet, this was the tried and true means that used for supplying more pedestrian goods and services. The article was the economic principles responsible for adequately making available to us such as items such as apples, shoes, and gardening services were the best ones in this case as well. The method was to argue that the institutions responsible for most goods and services in the economy that the last best hope for solving the problems that faced transplants of human body parts. The researchers consulted google scholar and mises.org and generated in this manner and cited almost a dozen publications which discussed the relevant subject matter and commented on several of them. It finds that Pro-organ sellers have a long way to go, but with determination and logic, one day the world will find a place for organs in the free-markets. And, then, many lives will be saved.

scholarly journals Noospheric Paradigm of the Strategy of the Rising Reproduction of the Population of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
A. Subetto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Scientific Report ◽  
Noospheric Strategy

The article contains the main subject-matter of the scientific report «Noospheric Paradigm of the Strategy of the Rising Reproduction of the Population of Russia» delivered by the author at the sitting of the Academic Council of the Institute of the Socioeconomic Problems of Population, RAS, on 6 February 2018. The author stresses that Russia and humankind entered the Era of Great Evolution Turning Point on the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries which requires revising the bases of both modern scientific world outlook and formed institutes and mechanisms of socioeconomic development, those supporting the progressive development of reproductive health of nation, in particular. The formed imperative of surviving is the synthesis of the noosphere and socialist imperatives. Hence- the main provisions of the noospheric strategy of the rising reproduction of the Russian population

The Research of Self-Balancing Vehicle Based on Posture Sensor System

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Xia Gao ◽  
Jian Pu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Two Sides

The main subject of this thesis is to study a uneasily two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle system. Two tires are placed on two sides of the body parallel in this system . Controlling the rotation of two DC motors can achieve the goal of walking upright. The circuit part is mainly made up by attitude sensors parts (including Gyroscope and Accelerometer), control circuit and the driver board. Attitude sensors measure the tilt angle and the rate of change of inclination of vehicle, and then the controller calculate the responding data and finally drive two DC motors forward or backward to produce forward or backward acceleration to make the car balancing.

incompleteness of the building work gave rise to difficulties. Normally, the rule is that an assignee will not be allowed to recover any more than the assignor could have done. As a result, it was argued on behalf of the builders that the council could not sue in respect of incompleteness since the bank was not liable for any incompleteness. The Court of Appeal, however, rejected this argument holding that the bank could have recovered substantial damages from the defendants, apparently on the basis that this case was covered by the principle established in Lenesta. However, it would appear that there are differences between Darlington Borough Council v Wiltshier and Lenesta since, in the earlier case, it was assumed to be a requirement that the original contracting parties always envisaged a transfer of property in the thing which was the main subject matter of the contract. In contrast, in the Darlington case, ownership of the land remained with the council throughout. Steyn LJ’s reasoning in this case seems to be based more on pragmatic grounds than on a strict application of legal principle, since he makes the point that, but for an application of the principle in Lenesta, an otherwise meritorious claim would have disappeared down a legal black hole, but this was a black hole created by the parties themselves due to the clause relieving the bank of any liability for incompleteness. In any case, it has been established by the House of Lords in Alfred McAlpine Construction Ltd v Panatown Ltd that if a party has a valid claim under some other rule of law, the Lenesta exception will not apply. The relations between third party and promisee

1995 ◽  
pp. 769-769
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
Borough Council ◽  
Court Of Appeal

NATURE-USE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2013 ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorbanyov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rational Nature ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Traditional Economy

The fundamental difference between a traditional economy and geoecological economy is discussed in the article. The deeper the economy is being introduced into the ecosystem, the stronger it will be pressure on it that is outside the ecosystem, the more destructive is this incompatibility. It is concluded that the geoecological sustainable economy requires that the laws of geoecology became the basis of economic policy. Rational nature-use is impossible without an understanding of the unity of society and nature, their historical development of mutual. Our challenge is to create a new economy, acting on geoecological laws, this task is quite feasible, but if we can make the market called the true price of goods and services, that is taking into account the ecosystem services. The article shows that humanity is now faced with two interrelated problems: First - this is a problem of rational use of geoecosystem services, including natural resources, and secondly - the problem of environmental protection of pollution and save geoecosystem services, that is there are two "sides of the coin" - geoecological and resource. The relationship of the concept of rational nature-use, developed by Soviet scientists in the mid-twentieth century, and the concept of sustainable development, suggested by Western scientists is studied. It is shown that sustainable development - this is more a slogan than a scientific concept, which is unlikely to be implemented at the local level. At the same time, the concept of rational nature-use is feasible in regions or individual countries. At the same time, it is concluded that there is no sense to abandon the idea of sustainable development, as it is in itself a very humane, has received wide international recognition, does not carry negative consequences, but you should always keep in mind that essentially - we are not talking about sustainable development but about rational nature-use in a given area of the globe. The examples of indicators of sustainable development are given in the article.

Vernacular Tantra? An Analysis of the Bengali Text The Garland of Bones

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Ondračka
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Western Scholarship

The paper introduces the Middle Bengali text The Garland of Bones (Haramala) into Western scholarship, and poses the question of what milieu it was produced and transmitted in. The main subject matter of this work is Tantric yoga, particularly the concept of the body. Content analysis reveals that it draws from different known sources (East Indian Kaula Sanskrit Tantras and vernacular works), but also contains a substantial amount of material that seems to be unique. Although the study of this text is full of uncertainties, and several questions related to it remain unanswered, the paper concludes that The Garland of Bones was probably composed in seventeenth-century Chittagong in a vernacular Tantric milieu, which was separate from the mainstream Sanskrit-oriented Kaula tradition. Later, probably in the eighteenth century, the text was adopted by the householder Naths in the eastern parts of undivided Bengal, and became one of their most important scriptures.

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