Fatty acid saturation of the diet and plasma lipid concentrations, lipoprotein particle concentrations, and cholesterol efflux capacity

Abstract Background Cholesterol efflux plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. Vegetable oils with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles favorably affect multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors; however, their effects on cholesterol efflux remain unclear. Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of diets low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux and its association with the plasma lipophilic index and central obesity. Methods The present study is a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Participants [men: n = 50; women: n = 51; mean ± SE age: 49.5 ± 1.2 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 29.4 ± 0.4] at risk for or with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly assigned to 5 isocaloric diets containing the treatment oils: canola oil, high oleic acid–canola oil, DHA-enriched high oleic acid–canola oil, corn oil and safflower oil blend, and flax oil and safflower oil blend. These treatment oils were incorporated into smoothies that participants consumed 2 times/d. For a 3000-kcal diet, 60 g of treatment oil was required to provide 18% of total energy per day. Each diet period was 4 wk followed by a 2- to 4-wk washout period. We quantified cholesterol efflux capacity with a validated ex vivo high-throughput cholesterol efflux assay. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the SAS mixed-model procedure. Results The 5 diets increased serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity from THP-1 macrophages similarly by 39%, 34%, 55%, 49% and 51%, respectively, compared with baseline (P < 0.05 for all). Waist circumference and abdominal adiposity were negatively correlated with serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (r = −0.25, P = 0.01, r = −0.33, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Diets low in SFAs with different monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles improved serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in individuals with or at risk for MetS. This mechanism may account, in part, for the cardiovascular disease benefits of diets low in SFAs and high in unsaturated fatty acids. Importantly, central obesity is inversely associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351012.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Lineage-Restricted Regulation of SCD and Fatty Acid Saturation by MITF Controls Melanoma Phenotypic Plasticity.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736926664.793575380 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jean Clairambault

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Fatty Acid Saturation

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High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Maria Pia Adorni ◽

Nicoletta Ronda ◽

Franco Bernini ◽

Francesca Zimetti

Keyword(s):

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

High Density ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.

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Effects of Replacing Yellow Corn with Olive Cake Meal on Growth Performance, Plasma Lipid Profile, and Muscle Fatty Acid Content in Broilers

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2240

Author(s):

Ahmed Saleh ◽

Mohammed Alzawqari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Control Group ◽

Plasma Lipid Profile ◽

Olive Cake ◽

Arachidonic Acids

The current study focused exclusively on evaluating the effects of replacing corn with olive cake meal (OCM) in the diet of broilers on their growth performance, abdominal fat, selected plasma parameters, and muscle fatty acid (FA) content. A total of 480 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided into four treatment groups with 12 replicates/treatment. The control group was fed the base diet, whereas the second to fourth groups were fed diets of corn with 5%, 10%, and 20% contents of OCM, respectively. Broilers fed with the 5% and 10% OCM diets showed better body weight (p = 0.04) and feed conversion ratio than the 20% OCM group (p < 0.048). Both nitrogen retention and ether extract digestibility were not improved by replaced corn with OCM. Replacing corn with OCM led to a decreased abdominal fat percentage (p = 0.023) compared with the control group. Birds in the OCM groups showed the lowest total cholesterol values (p = 0.038). The breast muscle (musculus pectoralis superficialis) content of oleic and linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids was significantly high in birds fed with OCM diets. However, their palmitic acid level was significantly decreased. Vitamin E was increased by increasing the OCM level. Thus, we concluded that replacing corn with OCM, especially at a 10% level, is more effective than other replacement levels in improving growth performance, plasma lipid profile, and muscle FA content, as well as in causing a reduction in abdominal fat in broilers.

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Correction to: Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01269-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elena M. Yubero-Serrano ◽

Juan F. Alcalá-Diaz ◽

Francisco M. Gutierrez-Mariscal ◽

Antonio P. Arenas-de Larriva ◽

Patricia J. Peña-Orihuela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽

Artery Disease

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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Improvements in cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and adiponectin contribute to mitigation in cardiovascular disease risk after bariatric surgery in a cohort with morbid obesity

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00662-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Himani Thakkar ◽

Vinnyfred Vincent ◽

Sakshi Sukhla ◽

Manraj Sra ◽

Uma Kanga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Inflammatory Status

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery can alleviate cardiovascular risk via effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our study aimed to assess the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL as a negative risk factor for CVD in individuals with obesity and identify the factors associated with improvement in CEC 3 months following bariatric surgery. Methods We recruited 40 control individuals (mean BMI of 22.2 kg/m2) and 56 obese individuals (mean BMI of 45.9 kg/m2). The biochemical parameters, inflammatory status and CEC of HDL was measured for the obese individuals before bariatric surgery and at 3 months after surgery. The CEC was measured using a cell-based cholesterol efflux system of BODIPY-cholesterol-labelled THP-1 macrophages. Results A significant reduction in BMI (− 17%, p < 0.001), resolution of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IR = − 23.4%, p = 0.002; Adipo IR = − 16%, p = 0.009) and inflammation [log resistin = − 6%, p = 0.07] were observed 3 months post-surgery. CEC significantly improved 3 months after surgery [Pre: 0.91 ± 0.13; Post: 1.02 ± 0.16; p = 0.001] despite a decrease in HDL-C levels. The change in CEC correlated with the change in apo A-I (r = 0.39, p = 0.02) and adiponectin levels (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Conclusion The results suggest that improvements in CEC, through improvement in adipose tissue health in terms of adipokine secretion and insulin sensitivity could be an important pathway in modulating obesity-related CVD risk.

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Effect of phospholipid fatty acid composition of endothelial cells on cholesterol efflux rates.

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40551-6 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 1373-1382

Author(s):

EP Kilsdonk ◽

AN Dorsman ◽

T van Gent ◽

A van Tol

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition

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Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Associates with the Ankle-Brachial Index but Not All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11081407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1407

Author(s):

Robert K. Clemens ◽

Monika Hunjadi ◽

Andreas Ritsch ◽

Lucia Rohrer ◽

Thomas O. Meier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽

Hdl Function ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Artery Disease

Background: Cholesterol efflux is an important mechanism by which high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against cardiovascular disease. As peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with high mortality rates, mainly due to cardiovascular causes, we investigated whether cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-depleted plasma, a widely used surrogate of HDL function, may serve as a predictive marker for mortality in this patient population. Methods: In this prospective single-center study (median follow-up time: 9.3 years), apoB-containing lipoproteins were precipitated from plasma of 95 patients with PAD and incubated with J744-macrophages, which were loaded with radiolabeled cholesterol. CEC was defined as the fractional radiolabel released during 4 h of incubation. Results: Baseline CEC was lower in PAD patients that currently smoked (p = 0.015) and had a history of myocardial infarction (p = 0.011). Moreover, CEC showed a significant correlation with HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.003) and apolipoprotein A-I levels (p = 0.001) as well as the ankle-brachial index (ABI, p = 0.018). However, CEC did not differ between survivors and non-survivors. Neither revealed Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses any significant association of CEC with all-cause mortality rates. Conclusion: Taken together, CEC is associated with ABI but does not predict all-cause mortality in patients with PAD.

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