scholarly journals Prenatal stress, anxiety and depression alter transcripts, proteins and pathways associated with immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina A Martinez ◽  
Ina Marteinsdottir ◽  
Ann Josefsson ◽  
Gunilla Sydsjö ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Index Group ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

Abstract During pregnancy, the immune system is modified to allow developmental developmental tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus and placenta to term. Pregnant women suffering from stress, anxiety and depression show dysfunctions of their immune system that may be responsible for fetal and/or newborn disorders, provided that provided that placental gene regulation is compromised. The present study explored the effects of maternal chronic self-perceived stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy on the expression of immune related-genes and pathways in term placenta. Pregnancies were clinically monitored with the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A cutoff threshold for BAI/EPDS of 10 divided patients into two groups: Index group (≥10, n = 11) and a Control group (<10, n = 11), whose placentae were sampled at delivery. The placental samples were subjected to RNA-Sequencing, demonstrating that stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy induced a major downregulation of placental transcripts related to immune processes such as T-cell regulation, interleukin and cytokine signaling or innate immune responses. Expression differences of main immune related genes such as CD46, CD15, CD8α & β ILR7α and CCR4 among others, were found in the index group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the key immune-like pathway involved in humoral and cellular immunity named “Primary immunodeficiency” was significantly downregulated in the index group compared to controls. Our results show that mechanisms ruling immune system functions are compromised at the maternal-fetal interface following self-perceived depressive symptoms and anxiety during pregnancy. These findings may help unveil mechanisms ruling the impact of maternal psychiatric symptoms and lead to new prevention/intervention strategies in complicated pregnancies.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Fed a Diet Supplemented with Galactooligosaccharides

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pietrzak ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Anna Slawinska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skin Mucosa

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are well-known immunomodulatory prebiotics. We hypothesize that GOS supplemented in feed modulates innate immune responses in the skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) of common carp. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GOS on mRNA expression of the immune-related genes in skin mucosa. During the feeding trial, the juvenile fish (bodyweight 180 ± 5 g) were fed two types of diet for 50 days: control and supplemented with 2% GOS. At the end of the trial, a subset of fish was euthanized (n = 8). Skin mucosa was collected, and RNA was extracted. Gene expression analysis was performed with RT-qPCR to determine the mRNA abundance of the genes associated with innate immune responses in SALT, i.e., acute-phase protein (CRP), antimicrobial proteins (His2Av and GGGT5L), cytokines (IL1β, IL4, IL8, IL10, and IFNγ), lectin (CLEC4M), lyzosymes (LyzC and LyzG), mucin (M5ACL), peroxidase (MPO), proteases (CTSB and CTSD), and oxidoreductase (TXNL). The geometric mean of 40s s11 and ACTB was used to normalize the data. Relative quantification of the gene expression was calculated with ∆∆Ct. GOS upregulated INFγ (p ≤ 0.05) and LyzG (p ≤ 0.05), and downregulated CRP (p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that GOS modulates innate immune responses in the skin mucosa of common carp.

scholarly journals Skin Immune Landscape: Inside and Outside the Organism

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Abdallah ◽  
Lily Mijouin ◽  
Chantal Pichon
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Skin Immune System ◽  
The Impact

The skin is an essential organ to the human body protecting it from external aggressions and pathogens. Over the years, the skin was proven to have a crucial immunological role, not only being a passive protective barrier but a network of effector cells and molecular mediators that constitute a highly sophisticated compound known as the “skin immune system” (SIS). Studies of skin immune sentinels provided essential insights of a complex and dynamic immunity, which was achieved through interaction between the external and internal cutaneous compartments. In fact, the skin surface is cohabited by microorganisms recognized as skin microbiota that live in complete harmony with the immune sentinels and contribute to the epithelial barrier reinforcement. However, under stress, the symbiotic relationship changes into a dysbiotic one resulting in skin disorders. Hence, the skin microbiota may have either positive or negative influence on the immune system. This review aims at providing basic background information on the cutaneous immune system from major cellular and molecular players and the impact of its microbiota on the well-coordinated immune responses in host defense.

scholarly journals Cancer and Cancer-Related Fatigue and the Interrelationships With Depression, Stress, and Inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weber ◽  
Kylie O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
The Impact

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom experienced in cancer patients. Depression, anxiety, and stress are associated with cancer. Depression and anxiety are also associated with CRF. At the cellular level, much is known about the impact of stress on the body generally, and its potential role in cancer. Stress, anxiety, and depression have been found to depress the immune system. Depression and stress have also been found to create inflammatory changes in the body and there is emerging evidence that inflammation is involved in cancer pathogenesis and in CRF. This article examines the relationships between stress, anxiety, depression, and cancer; relationships between anxiety and depression and CRF; and what happens at the cellular level, including impact on the immune system and emerging evidence of the role of inflammation in CRF. It also reports on research in relation to some Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat CRF.

scholarly journals Changing maladaptive beliefs among individuals with coronary heart disease using video information

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Henndy Ginting ◽  
Gérard W. B. Näring ◽  
Eni Sabrine Becker ◽  
Pintoko Tedjokusumo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Maladaptive Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

Many individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) have maladaptive beliefs which might increase anxiety and depression. This study investigates the impact of using video information to convey facts and correct misconceptions about CHD in individuals. 150 individuals with CHD were assigned to either the control group or one of two experimental groups. The participants completed the York Cardiac Beliefs Questionnaire in the baseline measure immediately after first viewing the video (time 1), and after viewing the video for six times within two weeks (time 2). The Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory II were completed in the baseline and at time 2. Multiple repeated measures anova shows that after the intervention, participants’ maladaptive beliefs, anxiety and depression were reduced in both experimental groups. Yet, it did not happen in the control group. It indicates that the video information corrects maladaptive beliefs, and reduces anxiety and depression levels in individuals with CHD.  

scholarly journals Effects of autism on 30-year outcome of anorexia nervosa

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
Sandra Rydberg Dobrescu ◽  
Lisa Dinkler ◽  
Carina Gillberg ◽  
Christopher Gillberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Long-term consequences of comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) are inadequately investigated. Methods In the 1980s, 51 adolescent-onset AN cases (AN group) and 51 matched controls (COMP group) were recruited from the community. They have been examined on five occasions. The four last assessments included the Morgan-Russell Outcome Assessment Schedule (MROAS) to assess eating disorder outcomes (weight, dieting, menstruation), and related problems including psychiatric, psychosexual and socioeconomic state. In the present study, at age 44, when 30 years had elapsed, MROAS data were compared with previous results. At age 16, 21, 24 and 32 years, all individuals had been assessed regarding ASD. At the 30-year follow-up, the impact of the ASD on the MROAS data was analysed. Results In the AN group, all core anorectic symptoms (weight, dieting, menstruation) were on a par with the COMP group at the 30-year follow-up, but the positive outcomes were limited to those who had never had an ASD diagnosis. Psychiatric state was significantly worse in the AN group, particularly in the subgroup who had an ASD diagnosis assigned. The AN group—again particularly those with ASD—had a more negative attitude to sexual matters than the COMP group. The AN group had worse outcomes than the COMP group for ‘personal contacts’, ‘social contacts,’ and ‘employment record’ at the 30-year follow-up and the outcomes were worse the more often an ASD diagnosis had been assigned. Limitations Rare data collection points throughout 30 years (only 5 assessments). ASD was assessed in the first four studies but was not assessed again at the 30-year follow-up. Conclusions Mental health, psychosexual, and socioeconomic status were compromised up to 30 years after AN onset. Coexisting ASD contributed to the poor outcome. Core anorectic symptoms had “normalised” three decades after AN onset. Plain English summary Some individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) also suffer from autism. In this study we have investigated outcome of AN 30 years after the onset of AN and whether the presence of autism affects the outcome. Since the 1980s we have followed 51 individuals with teenage-onset AN and 51 healthy controls. They have been examined on five occasions, and an instrument that measures symptoms of AN (weight, dieting, body image), psychiatric symptoms, ability to work, and relationships with partner, family, and friends has been used to assess outcome. Autism was assessed in the first four studies. Symptoms of AN had normalised at 30-year follow-up, but only among those without autism. Psychiatric symptoms, ability to work, and relationships were issues that persisted after 30 years in the AN group, and those who had both autism and a history of AN had even more pronounced problems in these areas. The AN group had a more negative attitude to sexual matters than the control group, the outcome was worse the more often an autism diagnosis had been assigned. Conclusions Mental health, psychosexual, and socioeconomic status are affected up to 30 years after AN onset, particularly among those with autism.

Web-Based Psychotherapy and Exercise Interventions for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

2022 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
Lara Carneiro ◽  
José Afonso ◽  
Filipe Clemente ◽  
Roberta Frontini
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Online Counseling ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Psychotherapy ◽  
Depression Disorders ◽  
The Impact

The last decade has seen a renewed recognition of the interconnection of the mental and physical well-being of people living with anxiety and depression disorders. Research has assessed the impact of exercise and psychological interventions as monotherapy and complementary treatments to usual care and found considerable benefits to reduce psychiatric symptoms and improve better quality of life. There is growing interest in online interventions, and online counseling can be an alternative to traditional face-to-face therapies. Questions remain on the effectiveness and best practices to deliver such interventions. The authors identify and summarize research evaluating online psychotherapy and exercise interventions in individuals with anxiety and depression disorders. They address web-based psychotherapy interventions and web-based exercise interventions for anxiety and depression disorders, followed by combined web-based intervention with psychotherapy and exercise, and discuss strategies to improve adherence to treatments.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Nutritional Status: The Missing Link?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Silverio ◽  
Daniela Caetano Gonçalves ◽  
Márcia Fábia Andrade ◽  
Marilia Seelaender
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease that has reached pandemic status by rapidly spreading worldwide. Elderly individuals and patients with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension show a higher risk of hospitalization, severe disease, and mortality by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These patients frequently show exacerbated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines associated with an overreaction of the immune system, the so-called cytokine storm. Host nutritional status plays a pivotal role in the outcome of a variety of different infectious diseases. It is known that the immune system is highly affected by malnutrition, leading to decreased immune responses with consequent augmented risk of infection and disease severity. Body composition, especially low lean mass and high adiposity, has consistently been linked to worsened prognosis in many different diseases. In this review, evidence concerning the impact of nutritional status on viral infection outcomes is discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of passive exposure to tobacco smoke on the immune response in children with asthma 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Wawrzyniak ◽  
Agnieszka Lipinska-Opalka ◽  
Boleslaw Kalicki ◽  
Malgorzata Kloc
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
The Impact

Abstract IntroductionThere are a few publications about the impact of tobacco smoke on the children’s immune system. Material and MethodsThe study group consisted of 43 children with asthma.. The control group consisted of 37 healthy children. The exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by the presence of the cotinine in the urine. ResultsThe group of children with asthma exposed to tobacco smoke had significantly higher levels of the IL-1 and lower levels IL-4 than children not exposed to the passive smoking. The children from the control group exposed to tobacco smoke had a significantly higher concentration of IL-4 than unexposed children. In the whole analyzed population, there was a significant correlation between the presence of cotinine and the concentration of IL-1 and CRP. ConclusionIn this study we found that the passive exposure to tobacco smoke has the immunomodulatory effects on the immune system.

scholarly journals D-Pinitol Attenuated Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Rhinitis in Experimental Mice Via Balancing Th1/Th2 Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiying You ◽  
Xiaopeng Sun ◽  
Junfei Kong ◽  
Jifeng Tian ◽  
Yanping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
T Box ◽  
Th1 Immune Responses

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a complex, chronic immunoinflammatory disorder of the membrane lining of the nasal mucosa. D-Pinitol is considered a cyclic polyol with a potential effect against various allergies. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-allergic effect of pinitol on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR model in mice. BALB/c mice were initially sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of OVA and divided into 5 groups (n=18, in each group) for a treating schedule of distilled water (DW), montelukast (10 mg/kg), and pinitol (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) through the mouth. Two saline-injected groups were considered as controls by orally administrating DW and pinitol 20. Thereafter, test and control groups were intranasally challenged by OVA and saline, respectively. Our results showed that the OVA challenge caused a marked elevation in AR symptoms like nasal rubbing, sneezing, and discharge which were remarkably diminished using pinitol (10 and 20 mg/kg) and the results were comparable with montelukast. Additionally, increased levels of total and OVA-specific serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 were significantly attenuated by pinitol as compared to the control group but not the montelukast group. In AR-induced mice, pinitol had significant modulatory effects on representative markers of Th2 (GATA binding protein 3), signal transducer and activator of transcription-6, Interleukins (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, suppressors of cytokine signaling 1, Toll-like receptor 4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88), and Type 1 T helper (Th1) immune responses (T-box protein expressed in T cells and Interferon-gamma) as well as the histopathological aberrations induced in the nasal mucosa. In conclusion, Pinitol had potential effects on OVA-induced AR mice through amelioration of nasal symptoms and balancing the Th1/Th2 immune responses during the allergic rhinitis condition.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Against COVID-19 and Mitochondria? Urgent Thinking Out of the Box

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Tyszka ◽  
Karolina Kobos ◽  
Aleksandra Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Italian, Spanish, French vs German, Austrian or Norwegian COVID-19 tracks? Antibiotics might have a partial impact on COVID-19 death rates in various countries. Our working hypotheses based on recent publications is that that antibiotics may be a major factor that negatively affects patients’ immune system during viral infections. We are all aware that there is no specific and effective medical treatment for COVID-19 so far. However, we know that our immune system is the only efficient weapon that fights against this syndrome right now. In fact, antibiotics are very often prescribed to prevent secondary infections following an antiviral immune response. Various antibiotic therapies have also been commonly applied to support COVID-19 treatments in China and Italy. Unfortunately, the frequent antibiotic off-site targets include mitochondria that are genetically and evolutionary closely linked to bacteria. Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles responsible for bioenergetics in nearly all our cells, acting as signaling hubs in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondria are vulnerable to antibacterial treatments, interrupting their physiology. Inhibition of these processes by antibiotics might render the immune system less capable of fighting acute COVID-19 viral infections. Some antibiotics, including those prescribed for COVID-19 in Wuhan, have been shown to inhibit the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. The question is whether antibiotics support such a treatment or weaken patient immune responses in this case. This hypothesis should be evaluated based on comparative clinical data that seem to be unavailable at the moment. Possibly the COVID-19 risk group should be extended to all patients being treated with antibiotics, including those who finished antibiotic therapies days up to several months before SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore urge health service response groups to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on COVID-19 recovery vs death retrospective data. We would like to motivate international, national and local health authorities to share available clinical treatment data, discuss and optimize treatment strategies.

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