scholarly journals 1612 Unconscious Gender Bias from Patients: Are Female and Male Doctors Perceived Differently?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Toi ◽  
S Lewis ◽  
S Lounis ◽  
A Najdawi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Abstract Introduction While the need for gender equality has been well recognised within the medical profession, attitudes of patients towards doctors of different genders has not been addressed. We aim to identify whether gender biases exist within the minds of patients we treat and how we can address this. Method A survey was disseminated through social media platforms and work communication groups. Data was collected on gender, ethnicity, frequency of being mistaken for different members of the healthcare team and frequency of being asked to perform non-medical tasks. A free text option was available for respondents to elaborate on the context and how this made them feel. Results 88 doctors (26 male, 62 female) responded. 65% (40) of females have had their roles misidentified at least once a week, compared to 0%(0) of males. 75% (46) of women reported negative emotions associated with being mistaken in their role, 25% (15) were neutral, none were positive. 62% (38) of female doctor’s report being asked to perform non-medical tasks at least once a week compared to 31% (8) of male doctors. Conclusions There is a clear disparity in how patients perceive male and female roles in medicine, with females being less likely to be identified as a doctor and twice as likely to be asked to perform non-medical tasks. As well as being potentially disruptive to their role, responses suggest that this impacts negatively on the confidence of these respondents. Further exploration of this subject, the impacts and remedies will be required in future.

The Role of Media in Perpetuating or Obstructing Gender Equality in the Context of Developing World

2018 ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Prabartana Das
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Media ◽  
Developed World

Media engineers subtle ways in which gender bias can persist in society and ensures the perpetuation of women subjugation in the society. In this chapter I want to excavate the various factors which contributes to the augmentation of gender biases by the media and how the media in developing countries strengthens the cause patriarchy masquerading in the façade of preserving traditions and customs? I also intend to unravel how perennial problems like illiteracy and abject poverty further dents the project of women empowerment and how deeply entrenched patriarchal values manipulate the media to withhold emancipation in true sense. How women even after being qualified suffers from several negative effects undermining her own status? It will also be interesting to delve into the ways in which gendered media is far more subversive and ubiquitous in the developing world than developed world. And lastly how the gender bias in media can be curbed in the light of social and political awakening in women in particular and the development of human ingenuity and consciousness in general.

scholarly journals Gender Bias Communication Among Santris in Pesantren

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Yayah Yayah Nurhidayah ◽  
Eti Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Gender Biases

<p>For decades, there has been a biased pattern of communication between genders in society, including among the Al-Ishlah <em>santri</em><em>s</em> (students) in <em>pesantren </em>(Islamic boarding school) in Cirebon - West Java, subject studied by the writers. The communication of male and female <em>santri</em><em>s</em> has unique ways. From the beginning, <em>pesantren</em> offers the different treatment to male and female <em>santri</em><em>s</em>, both in rules, ethics, sanctions, communication, and relationships in general. In addition, the teaching of classic <em>kitabs </em>(books/holy books) still contains a lot of gender biases. This study aims to identify several gender biases and stereotypes in various forms of communication between male and female <em>santris</em> in <em>pesantren</em>. This research used descriptive qualitative methods, data collection techniques using interviews and observations to <em>santris</em>, and data analysis techniques carried out qualitatively in the form of narrative descriptions. The results of the study show there are many gender biases and stereotypes in various forms of communication, such as: communication style, conversation initiatives, intensity of conducting conversation, intensity of interruption, dominance in conversation, intensity of making humor, eye contact, spatial distance, body language, smile, and touch.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> communication, gender bias, <em>pesantren</em><strong> </strong></p>

How Do Saudi Young Women Express their Aspirations on Social Media Platforms: A Survey Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1B) ◽  
pp. 53-86
Author(s):  
Abderrahmane Azzi ◽  
Suhad Samman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Right

Abstract: The study examines how Saudi young women express their aspirations through social media networks such as Snapchat, Instagram and Twitter. It focuses on four areas of interests: 1- Gender equality which includes Saudi young women’s views on equality in job opportunities and employment in government and private sectors; 2- Freedom which includes freedom of lifestyle, traveling and education; 3- Independence which includes identity and the sense of individualism; and 4- Discussion of public issues which includes the right to vote and discuss public issues in society. The survey involves high school and university young women selected randomly and purposively in four cities in Saudi Arabia. The survey results show that that young Saudi women favor social media as a means of expressing their concerns on the four issues under study. Keywords: Women Studies, Gender Equality, Freedom, Independence, Discussion of Public Issues, Saudi Young Women, Social Media use.

The Role of Media in Perpetuating or Obstructing Gender Equality in the Context of Developing World

2018 ◽  
pp. 322-332
Author(s):  
Prabartana Das
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Media ◽  
Developed World

Media engineers subtle ways in which gender bias can persist in society and ensures the perpetuation of women subjugation in the society. In this chapterI want to excavate the various factors which contributes to the augmentation of gender biases by the media and how the media in developing countries strengthens the cause patriarchy masquerading in the façade of preserving traditions and customs? I also intend to unravel how perennial problems like illiteracy and abject poverty further dents the projectof women empowerment and how deeply entrenched patriarchal values manipulate the media to withhold emancipation in true sense. How women even after being qualified suffers from several negative effects undermining her own status? It will also be interesting to delve into the ways in which gendered media is far more subversive and ubiquitous in the developing world than developed world. And lastly how the gender bias in media can be curbed in the light of social and political awakening in women in particular and the development of humaningenuity and consciousness in general.

scholarly journals Norms of online expressions of emotion: Comparing Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1813-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie F Waterloo ◽  
Susanne E Baumgartner ◽  
Jochen Peter ◽  
Patti M Valkenburg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotion Expression ◽  
Discrete Emotions ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Social Media Platforms

The main aim of this study was to examine the norms of expressing emotions on social media. Specifically, the perceived appropriateness (i.e. injunctive norms) of expressing six discrete emotions (i.e. sadness, anger, disappointment, worry, joy, and pride) was investigated across four different social media platforms. Drawing on data collected in March 2016 among 1201 young Dutch users (15–25 years), we found that positive expressions were generally perceived as more appropriate than negative expressions across all platforms. In line with the objective of the study, some platform differences were found. The expression of negative emotions was rated as most appropriate for WhatsApp, followed by Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. For positive emotion expression, perceived appropriateness was highest for WhatsApp, followed by Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Additionally, some gender differences were found, while age showed little variations. Overall, the results contribute to a more informed understanding of emotion expression online.

No Gender Bias in Audience Perceptions of Male and Female Experts in the News: Equally Competent and Persuasive

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110254
Author(s):  
Katrine Greve-Poulsen ◽  
Frederik K. Larsen ◽  
Rasmus T. Pedersen ◽  
Erik Albæk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Media Audiences ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Media ◽  
Selection Of

Experts are prevalent and persuasive in modern media coverage of politics. The perceived competence of experts makes them popular sources in the media, and their statements can in some cases move citizens’ policy opinions substantially. However, men are generally used far more as experts than women are. Because of this predominance of male experts and general biases against women, we theorize that media audiences may find women to be less competent and consequently less persuasive as experts on policy issues. We investigate this through two experiments embedded in a survey with more than 2000 respondents in Denmark. Despite advances in gender equality, women are still in the minority among experts used in the Danish news media. However, despite this current gender imbalance, we find no gender biases against women as policy experts among the Danish news media audience. There are no significant differences in the perceptions of the competence of male and female experts, and the persuasiveness of the experts are also unrelated to the gender of the expert. These results hold across different policy issues, and across practically all demographics within the media audiences. These results are relevant both to the study of gender representation in the mass media, and to the study of gender biases more generally. Furthermore, the results are important for discussions on news media selection of experts.

scholarly journals Workers’ Observation of Uncivil Leadership: Is Tolerance for Workplace Incivility a Gendered Issue?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6111
Author(s):  
Isabel Carmona-Cobo ◽  
Eva Garrosa ◽  
Esther Lopez-Zafra
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Role Congruity Theory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Congruity Theory

In the context of organizational psychology, this study aimed to examine workers’ gender biases in tolerance when observing leaders’ incivility in the workplace. Based on role congruity theory, this paper proposes analyzing the gender differences in workers’ evaluations of awareness and tolerance of workplace incivility considering the gender of a leader who commits different incivility behaviors against an employee. Moreover, we posit that the type of incivility is also gendered. A sample of 547 workers (male and female) randomly played the roles of observers whereby they rated a scenario describing a leader (male or female) who publicly humiliates and openly doubts an employee’s judgment (overt incivility—agentic), or leaves out and pays little attention (covert incivility—communal) to an employee. The results indicate that male workers tolerated incivility less when role incongruence occurred, such as when male leaders used covert incivility. In contrast, female workers were consistently less tolerant when role congruence occurred with the leader’s gender, such as when male leaders were overtly uncivil. Furthermore, compared to males, female workers were more aware and less tolerant of incivility when a female leader was overtly or covertly uncivil. This paper provides empirical insights and fulfills an identified need to study how gender bias in workplace incivility can be enabled in organizations. The implications for practice can drive the development of prevention strategies within the field of management and human resources.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Use of Social Media: Australian Postgraduate Students’ Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Mirzay Fashami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media

This study investigates the differences between male and female usage of social media in Australia. The sample consists of ten postgraduate students at the Queensland University of Technology who use social media platforms, including six males and four females.Nine themes and 41 codes are identified. This study analyses five major themes, namely, personal life, professional life, sharing, leaders or followers, and competition. Six participants consider themselves as either leaders or followers in their social media usage, making this theme the most acknowledged theme. However, three participants use social media for their personal lives, and social media challenge three participants. Therefore, personal life and competition are the least important cause of social media usage. This study contributes by shedding some light on social media usage among postgraduate students. It helps universities to choose among different social media platforms for their educational purposes for their postgraduate students.

scholarly journals The Emoji Linguistic Functions on Facebook Interactions among Undergraduate Students at Jadara University in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Nashat Alshboul ◽  
Luqman Rababah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Mode Design ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Linguistic Functions

This study has made use of a mixed mode design where two instruments are employed namely a corpus based tool and a questionnaire. For three months, the researchers have observed Raseef Jadara Facebook website in order to explore the use of emoji in posts and comments. The results showed that five functions were emerged from the data collected, emotive, conative, phatic, poetic, referential and metalingual. Descriptive statistics were used in conducting a questionnaire in order to show the differences between male and female students in using emoji. The results showed that females prefer using emoji in their chatting or messaging. The researchers suggest further studies to be carried out on the language functions of emoji in other social media platforms Furthermore. It is recommended for other studies to be directed into investigating all language functions.

scholarly journals Female Entrepreneurs and Access to Financial Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-43
Author(s):  
Klarissa Lueg ◽  
Amanda Ni
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Constructivist Perspective ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study identifies what similar aspects determine access to financial capital for female entrepreneurs both in Denmark and Indonesia. Departing from a structuralist constructivist perspective (including the concepts of symbolic violence, social similarity, female otherness), we identify the impact of gender-discrimination, nationality, and further variables. The sample comprises 124 female respondents and, for reasons of comparison, 86 male respondents from Denmark and Indonesia. Binary logistic regressions and t-tests show that financial discrepancies between male and female entrepreneurs (FE s) were larger in Indonesia than in Denmark. However, findings also suggest that gender discrimination prevails in both countries, as men have easier access to funds from family, banks, and angel investors. This study provides evidence of gender bias prevailing in both a maturing and a matured economy with a strong discourse on gender equality. We propose explaining the similarities in gender discrimination with veiled, structural discrimination being able to linger in both post-feminist, legally equality-granting, as well as in legally less egalitarian societies.

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