Human Milk Comparative Lipidomic Study From Different Gestation Age and Lactation Stages

Abstract Objectives Human milk (HM) lipids constitute the primary constituents of HM. Studies are starting to emerge about the lipid components of HM and how they relate to outcomes. We assessed the lipid differences between preterm and term HM and predicted the prospective impacts of these lipids on the development of neonates, especially focused on their immune modulatory and anti-infective effects. Methods Using an LC-MS/MS metabolomics strategy, we studied HM samples collected from 113 mothers giving birth prematurely (<28 weeks, 12; ≥28 weeks and <32 weeks, 47; ≥32 weeks ∼ <37 weeks 54, respectively) and 55 mothers delivering at term (≥37 weeks) from colostrum to mature milk. Results We found that the lipid composition of preterm HM deviates significantly from the term HM lipid profile, in particular with the colostrum. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were significantly increased in preterm HM, while sphingomyelin, glycerophosphoethanoloamines analogues, TAG (14:0/18:2/18:3), PE (17:2/22:6) and Cer/NS (d22:3/18:1) were markedly decreased in preterm human milk (p < 0.05). Pathway analysis revealed that these dysregulated lipids are closely associated with Reelin signaling in neurons, glycerophospholipid metabolism and LXR/RXR activation. Conclusions Further studies should further elucidate the detailed biomechanism of these dysregulated lipids. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Young Clinical Scientist Program of Fudan Academy of Pediatrics (grant no. EK112520180307).

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RRR-α-tocopherol as a Predominant Stereo-isomer in Chinese Breast Milk During Lactation Stages (P11-057-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-057-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaokun Cai ◽

Yingyi Mao ◽

Fang Tian ◽

Lei Chen ◽

Yanrong Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Human Milk ◽

High Performance ◽

Brain Growth ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Lactating Mothers ◽

Average Proportion ◽

The Mean ◽

Infant Brain

Abstract Objectives Human milk is the most important source for neonates to acquire adequate vitamin E for their immune system and brain growth. Among all tocopherols, infant brain discriminates in favor of the natural occurring RRR-α-tocopherol against the synthetic α-tocopherol stereoisomers and other tocopherols. However, the stereoisomer profiles of α-tocopherol in Chinese human milk have not been previously reported. This study aimed to analyze the stereoisomer profile of α-tocopherol in Chinese human milk over different lactation stages. Methods Colostrum (day 0–7), transitional milk (day 8–15) and mature milk (day 40–45) were collected longitudinally from 89 healthy lactating mothers of full-term, singleton delivery. The levels of α-tocopherol stereoisomers (RRR, RSR, RSS, RRS, Σ2S) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results In three lactation stages, RRR-α-tocopherol is the predominated stereoisomers in Chinese human milk (P < 0.0001), accounting for an average proportion of 85% of total α-tocopherol. In contrast, the ratios of the synthetic stereoisomers were RRS, 5.10-6.02%; RSR, 2.32-3.31%, RSS, 2.66-2.85%; and Σ2S, 2.89%-3.49%. The mean total α-tocopherol was 9.20mg/L in colostrum but sharply declined to 4.10 mg/L in mature milk. After taking the different breastfeeding volumes over lactation stages into consideration, Chinese human milk constantly provided about 3.5 mg/day α-tocopherol and 2.98 mg/day RRR-α-tocopherol to infants. Conclusions RRR-α-tocopherol is the predominated stereoisomer in Chinese human milk over different lactation stages. Chinese breastmilk supply higher % of RRR- stereoisomer as 85% of total α-tocopherol than US report as 75%. There is, therefore, a demand to add matched level of RRR- α-tocopherol in Chinese formula. Funding Sources Abbott.

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Differences in the Concentration and Composition of Human Milk Components Are Related to Variation in Milk and Infant Fecal Microbiomes

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1056-1056

Author(s):

Ryan Pace ◽

Janet Williams ◽

Kimberly Lackey ◽

Mark McGuire ◽

Michelle McGuire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Infant Health ◽

Hypervariable Region ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

National Institutes Of Health ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Infant Feces ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Foundation Award

Abstract Objectives Profiles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and milk/infant fecal microbiota vary globally. However, associations between and among HMO, other milk-borne factors (e.g., lactose, protein), and milk/infant fecal microbiomes have not been well-investigated. Here we tested the hypothesis that variations in milk lactose, protein, and HMO concentrations are associated with variations in the structure of milk and infant fecal microbial communities. Methods Milk/infant fecal samples from 357 maternal-infant dyads collected as part of the INSPIRE study from 11 geographically/culturally diverse sites located in eight countries (Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and USA) were analyzed. DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S rRNA V1V3 hypervariable region amplified/sequenced for microbiome analysis. HMO, lactose, and protein profiles were generated from HPLC and spectrophotometric assays. Results Milk and infant feces share many of the same abundant bacterial genera, while also containing unique bacterial communities. Community states type (CST) analyses indicate both sample types group into a relatively small number of discrete communities characterized by enrichment of specific taxa (e.g., Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium). Concentrations of milk lactose and protein varied by population/CST. Additionally, variation in the microbial community structure of milk and infant feces was associated with concentrations of total/individual HMO, lactose, and protein. Conclusions Similar to HMO concentrations, milk lactose and protein vary globally. Variations in milk and infant fecal microbial communities are associated with those of milk lactose, protein, and HMO concentrations. Given these results, as well as prior data on the influence of other environmental variables (e.g., pumped vs. direct breastfeeding), additional longitudinal studies are needed to better understand this complex network of maternal-infant-microbe interactions with respect to environmental factors and how differences impact postnatal maternal-infant health. Funding Sources National Science Foundation (award 1,344,288), National Institutes of Health (R01 HD092297), and USDA.

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Gestational Hypertension and Their Impact on Activin A Concentration of the Human Milk

10.21203/rs.3.rs-944608/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Peila ◽

Elena Spada ◽

Alessandra Coscia ◽

Stefano Sottemano ◽

Giulia Fregnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Random Effect ◽

Covariance Structure ◽

Study Groups ◽

Activin A ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction It is known that Preeclampsia affects the lactogenesis, but literature data on the effects of this syndrome on the neurobiomarkers composition and Activin A of Human Milk of the lactating mother are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of this gestational pathology on Activin A levels, a neurobiomarker known to play an important role in the development and protection of the central nervous system.Methods The women recruited in the study were divided in two different study groups: preeclamptic or healthy women. All the breast milk samples were collected using the same procedure into sterile devices BPA-free. Activin A was quantified using an ELISA test. To investigate the effect of pathology in the Activin a concentration in the 3 phases, mixed linear model with unistructural covariance structure, mother as random effect, and fixed effects were performed.Results Activin A was detected in all samples. There were no significant differences between Preeclamptic mother and Normotensive women. The only significant effect is related to the HM phase: in particular, it is significant the difference between colostrum and mature milk (p<0.01).Conclusion There is not any significant difference in Activin A breast milk composition from hypertensive and normotensive women. This result allows us to affirm that breast milk beneficial properties are maintained even if gestational hypertension occurs.

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Human milk mycobiota composition: relationship with gestational age, delivery mode, and birth weight

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2019.0158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 151-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Dinleyici ◽

V. Pérez-Brocal ◽

S. Arslanoglu ◽

O. Aydemir ◽

S. Sevuk Ozumut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Caesarean Delivery ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Delivery Term ◽

Spontaneous Delivery

Intestinal and human milk microbiota studies during infancy have shown variations according to geographical location, delivery mode, gestational age, and mother-related factors during pregnancy. In this study, we performed metagenomic mycobiota analyses of 44 transient and mature human milk among five different groups: mothers of normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T), caesarean delivery-term (CS-T), premature (PT), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Fungi were detected in 80 out of the 88 samples. Regarding the number of observed fungal species, the NS-T group was more homogeneous (less variable) comparing the other groups (P<0.05). In the transient human milk samples, the most abundant species were Saccharomyces cerevisiae (33.3%) and Aspergillus glaucus (27.4%). While A. glaucus (33.7%) was second most abundant species in mature milk, S. cerevisiae disappeared (P<0.01) and Penicillium rubens became the most abundant species (35.5%) (P<0.05). Among the NS-T group, the most abundant species was Malassezia globosa in both transient and mature milk. In contrast, S. cerevisiae was the most abundant species in transient human milk (45.0%) in the CS-T group, but it disappeared in mature milk (P<0.01). In transient milk, M. globosa was only represented 6.0-9.0% of taxa in the PT, SGA, and LGA groups (P<0.05). In transient and mature milk in the PT, SGA and LGA groups, the most abundant species were A. glaucus and P. rubens. In mature milk samples, P. rubens is more abundant in CS-T group, PT group and LGA group, than the NS-T groups (P<0.05 for all). Although fungi constitute only a very small part of the human milk microbiome, we observed some changes that the human milk mycobiota composition varies in caesarean delivery, premature, SGA and LGA groups, comparing the normal spontaneous delivery, as well as differences between transient and mature human milk.

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Lipid composition of human milk from mediterranean lactating women: interest of polyunsaturated fatty acids vectors and plasmalogen?

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a688 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Cyrielle Garcia ◽

Véronique Millet ◽

Séverine Pitel ◽

Myriam Mimoun ◽

Audrey Ridet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Human Milk ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Lactating Women

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Lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009004807 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1878-1884 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hellas Cena ◽

Anna Maria Castellazzi ◽

Amedeo Pietri ◽

Carla Roggi ◽

Giovanna Turconi

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Age Range

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to estimate the lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake measured through the administration of a short FFQ.DesignA cross-sectional study in which an FFQ was administered twice: on day 3 (T0) and day 30 (T1) postpartum; meanwhile two breast milk samples were collected. Maternal plasma samples were obtained at T0. The comparison of dietary lutein intakes and likewise lutein concentrations in breast milk at T0 and T1 were analysed with Student’sttest. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between dietary lutein intake and lutein concentration in milk and plasma, respectively, as well as the correlation between breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations at T0.SettingPavia, northern Italy.SubjectsTwenty-one pregnant women, age range 24–42 years, were recruited during their last trimester on a voluntary basis.ResultsBoth breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations were significantly correlated with dietary lutein intake (r= 0·86,P= 0·0001 andr= 0·94,P= 0·0001, respectively). There was a clear significant correlation between milk and plasma lutein concentrations (r= 0·87,P= 0·0001). Mature milk lutein concentration, although significantly reduced at T1 (P< 0·01), maintained a fairly high correlation with dietary lutein intake (r= 0·82,P= 0·0001).ConclusionsEven though milk lutein concentration decreased during early lactation, it remained significantly correlated with daily lutein intake. Therefore, while awaiting further research, dietary recommendations advising intake of fresh fruit and vegetables rich in lutein, throughout the whole duration of pregnancy and lactation, are extremely useful.

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Chemerin and Dermcidin in Human Milk and Their Alteration in Gestational Diabetes

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334419837523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 550-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sefer Ustebay ◽

Yakup Baykus ◽

Rulin Deniz ◽

Kader Ugur ◽

Seyda Yavuzkir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Human Milk ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Diabetes Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Mature Period ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Human Milk And Blood

Background: Chemerin and dermcidin, which have antimicrobial properties, are molecules that are also related to insulin resistance and inflammation. Research aims: The aims were to determine the amounts of chemerin and dermcidin in the milk and blood of mothers with gestational diabetes, and to compare the amounts of chemerin and dermcidin in the milk and blood of mothers with and without diabetes. Methods: This was a two-group nonrandomized longitudinal study with a convenience sampling of mothers without gestational diabetes ( n = 27) and mothers with gestational diabetes ( n = 26). Human milk and blood samples were obtained from these mothers during colostrum, transitional, and mature milk periods. The amount of chemerin and dermcidin in these samples was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The presence of chemerin and dermcidin was first detected in human milk. The amounts of chemerin and dermcidin in the blood of all the mothers were greater in the colostrum period and lowest in the mature period. The amount of chemerin and dermcidin in the milk of all the mothers was greater than that in the blood. The amounts of chemerin and dermcidin were significantly increased in both blood and human milk within the gestational age samples. Conclusions: Chemerin and dermcidin may contribute to the protection of infants from infections during infancy. Increased amounts of these molecules found within the gestational diabetes group may also prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

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Rare Branched Fatty Acids Characterize the Lipid Composition of the Intra-Aerobic Methane Oxidizer “Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera”

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02099-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (24) ◽

pp. 8650-8656 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Dorien M. Kool ◽

Baoli Zhu ◽

W. Irene C. Rijpstra ◽

Mike S. M. Jetten ◽

Katharina F. Ettwig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Double Bond ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Ecological Significance ◽

Content Type ◽

Enrichment Cultures ◽

Branched Fatty Acids ◽

New Gene ◽

Methane Oxidizer

ABSTRACTThe recently described bacterium “CandidatusMethylomirabilis oxyfera” couples the oxidation of the important greenhouse gas methane to the reduction of nitrite. The ecological significance of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” is still underexplored, as our ability to identify the presence of this bacterium is thus far limited to DNA-based techniques. Here, we investigated the lipid composition of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” to identify new, gene-independent biomarkers for the environmental detection of this bacterium. Multiple “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera” enrichment cultures were investigated. In all cultures, the lipid profile was dominated up to 46% by the fatty acid (FA) 10-methylhexadecanoic acid (10MeC16:0). Furthermore, a unique FA was identified that has not been reported elsewhere: the monounsaturated 10-methylhexadecenoic acid with a double bond at the Δ7 position (10MeC16:1Δ7), which comprised up to 10% of the total FA profile. We propose that the typical branched fatty acids 10MeC16:0and 10MeC16:1Δ7are key and characteristic components of the lipid profile of “Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera.” The successful detection of these fatty acids in a peatland from which one of the enrichment cultures originated supports the potential of these unique lipids as biomarkers for the process of nitrite-dependent methane oxidation in the environment.

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Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Colostrum and Mature Milk of Chinese Mothers: Lewis Positive Secretor Subgroups

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (27) ◽

pp. 7036-7043 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M. Elwakiel ◽

J. A. Hageman ◽

W. Wang ◽

I. M. Szeto ◽

J. B. van Goudoever ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Milk Oligosaccharides ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Chinese Mothers

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Macronutrient and calorie content in preterm and term human milk at first three week after delivery

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi59.3.2019.130-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 130-8

Author(s):

Dessy Shinta Murty ◽

Hasriza Eka Putra ◽

Sri Mulatsih ◽

Neti Nurani ◽

Tunjung Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Protein Content ◽

Full Term ◽

Caloric Content ◽

Mature Milk ◽

The Third ◽

Macronutrient Content ◽

Calorie Content ◽

Preterm Group ◽

A Prospective Study

Background The macronutrients in human milk change dynamically and vary among mothers. Evaluation of macronutrient content in human milk is needed to improve nutritional management in preterm infants. Objective To measure the macronutrient content in preterm and full term human milk during three lactation periods in the first three weeks after delivery. Methods We conducted a prospective study among 80 mothers of infants who were hospitalized in the Department of Perinatology/NICU at Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and caloric content were measured using a MIRIS human milk analyzer, once per week for three consecutive weeks after delivery. A single, daytime human milk specimen was collected in the morning by directly expressing from the breast. Results Median protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric contents of mature milk in the preterm group were 1.40 (IQR 0.38), 3.25 (IQR 1.00), 5.70 (IQR 0.80) g/dL, and 60 kcal/dL, respectively. Median protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric contents of mature milk in the full term group were 1.40 (IQR 0.35), 3.30 (IQR 0.77), 5.80 (IQR 0.75) g/dL, and 62 kcal/dL, respectively, at the third week after delivery. In both groups, protein content in the first week was significantly higher than in the third week (P<0.001) after delivery. In contrast, fat content in the first week was significantly lower than in the third week (P< 0.05) after delivery, in both groups. Conclusions There are no significant differences in macronutrient and caloric content between preterm and full term human milk during the first three weeks after delivery. However, there are significant changes in fat and protein content in both preterm and full term human milk during early lactation, between the first and third weeks.

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