Gestational Hypertension and Their Impact on Activin A Concentration of the Human Milk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Peila ◽  
Elena Spada ◽  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
Stefano Sottemano ◽  
Giulia Fregnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction It is known that Preeclampsia affects the lactogenesis, but literature data on the effects of this syndrome on the neurobiomarkers composition and Activin A of Human Milk of the lactating mother are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of this gestational pathology on Activin A levels, a neurobiomarker known to play an important role in the development and protection of the central nervous system.Methods The women recruited in the study were divided in two different study groups: preeclamptic or healthy women. All the breast milk samples were collected using the same procedure into sterile devices BPA-free. Activin A was quantified using an ELISA test. To investigate the effect of pathology in the Activin a concentration in the 3 phases, mixed linear model with unistructural covariance structure, mother as random effect, and fixed effects were performed.Results Activin A was detected in all samples. There were no significant differences between Preeclamptic mother and Normotensive women. The only significant effect is related to the HM phase: in particular, it is significant the difference between colostrum and mature milk (p<0.01).Conclusion There is not any significant difference in Activin A breast milk composition from hypertensive and normotensive women. This result allows us to affirm that breast milk beneficial properties are maintained even if gestational hypertension occurs.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharide, Phospholipid, and Ganglioside Concentrations in Breast Milk from United Arab Emirates Mothers: Results from the MISC Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul McJarrow ◽  
Hadia Radwan ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Alastair K.H. MacGibbon ◽  
Mona Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), phospholipids (PLs), and gangliosides (GAs) are components of human breast milk that play important roles in the development of the rapidly growing infant. The differences in these components in human milk from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied in a cross-sectional trial. High-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry was used to determine HMO, PL, and GA concentrations in transitional (5–15 days) and mature (at 6 months post-partum) breast milk of mothers of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results showed that the average HMO (12 species), PL (7 species), and GA (2 species) concentrations quantified in the UAE mothers’ transitional milk samples were (in mg/L) 8204 ± 2389, 269 ± 89, and 21.18 ± 11.46, respectively, while in mature milk, the respective concentrations were (in mg/L) 3905 ± 1466, 220 ± 85, and 20.18 ± 9.75. The individual HMO concentrations measured in this study were all significantly higher in transitional milk than in mature milk, except for 3 fucosyllactose, which was higher in mature milk. In this study, secretor and non-secretor phenotype mothers showed no significant difference in the total HMO concentration. For the PL and GA components, changes in the individual PL and GA species distribution was observed between transitional milk and mature milk. However, the changes were within the ranges found in human milk from other regions.

scholarly journals Lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1878-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Anna Maria Castellazzi ◽  
Amedeo Pietri ◽  
Carla Roggi ◽  
Giovanna Turconi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Age Range

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to estimate the lutein concentration in human milk during early lactation and its relationship with dietary lutein intake measured through the administration of a short FFQ.DesignA cross-sectional study in which an FFQ was administered twice: on day 3 (T0) and day 30 (T1) postpartum; meanwhile two breast milk samples were collected. Maternal plasma samples were obtained at T0. The comparison of dietary lutein intakes and likewise lutein concentrations in breast milk at T0 and T1 were analysed with Student’sttest. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between dietary lutein intake and lutein concentration in milk and plasma, respectively, as well as the correlation between breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations at T0.SettingPavia, northern Italy.SubjectsTwenty-one pregnant women, age range 24–42 years, were recruited during their last trimester on a voluntary basis.ResultsBoth breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations were significantly correlated with dietary lutein intake (r= 0·86,P= 0·0001 andr= 0·94,P= 0·0001, respectively). There was a clear significant correlation between milk and plasma lutein concentrations (r= 0·87,P= 0·0001). Mature milk lutein concentration, although significantly reduced at T1 (P< 0·01), maintained a fairly high correlation with dietary lutein intake (r= 0·82,P= 0·0001).ConclusionsEven though milk lutein concentration decreased during early lactation, it remained significantly correlated with daily lutein intake. Therefore, while awaiting further research, dietary recommendations advising intake of fresh fruit and vegetables rich in lutein, throughout the whole duration of pregnancy and lactation, are extremely useful.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) evaluation in the REGOMA trial: A randomized, phase II clinical trial analyzing regorafenib activity in relapsed glioblastoma patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2045-2045
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lombardi ◽  
Paola Del Bianco ◽  
Alba Ariela Brandes ◽  
Marica Eoli ◽  
Roberta Ruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Appetite Loss ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Significant Difference

2045 Background: REGOMA trial showed that regorafenib (REG) significantly improved OS and PFS in relapsed glioblastoma (GBM) patients (pts) with respect to lomustine (LOM). REG showed a different toxicity profile compared to LOM. Here, we report final results of the HRQoL assessment, a secondary end point. Methods: HRQoL was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and brain module (QLQ-BN20) administered before any MRI assessments, every 8 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) until disease progression. To evaluate treatment impact on HRQoL, questionnaires at progression were excluded. Mixed-effect linear models were fitted for each of the HRQOL domain to examine the change over progression-free time within and between arms. The models included the time of questionnaire assessment, the treatment group and their interaction, as fixed effects, and a compound symmetry covariance structure for the random effects. Differences of at least 10 points were classified as a clinically meaningful change. To correct for multiple comparisons and to avoid type I error, the level of significance was set at P = 0.01 (2-sided). Results: Of 119 randomized pts, 117 participated in the HRQoL evaluation, and 114 had a baseline assessment (n = 56 REG; n = 58 LOM). No statistically significant differences were observed in any generic or cancer specific domain during treatment in the REG and LOM arms, or between the two arms, except for the appetite loss scale which was significantly worse in PTS treated with REG (Global mean 14.7 (SD = 28.6) vs 7.6 (SD = 16.0); p = 0.0081). The proportion of pts with a clinically meaningful worsening for appetite loss was not statistically different between the two arms (9 out of 24 and 0 out of 13 in the REG and LOM arm, respectively; p = 0.0146). Conclusions: In the REGOMA trial, HRQoL did not change during REG treatment. Pts treated with REG and LOM reported no significant difference in HRQoL. Clinical trial information: NCT02926222. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in women with varying levels of menstrual pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Travers ◽  
Penny Moss ◽  
William Gibson ◽  
Dana Hince ◽  
Sheree Yorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background and aims: Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well-established phenomenon in pain-free individuals that describes a decrease in pain sensitivity after an acute bout of exercise. The EIH response has been demonstrated to be sub-optimal in the presence of persisting pain. Menstrual pain is a common recurrent painful problem with many women experiencing high levels of pain each cycle. However, the EIH response has not been examined in a cohort of women with high levels of menstrual pain. This research aimed to examine whether EIH manifests differently in women with varying levels of menstrual pain. The primary hypothesis was that women with high levels of menstrual pain would demonstrate compromised EIH. Secondary aims were to explore relationships between EIH and emotional state, sleep quality, body mass index (BMI) or physical activity levels. Methods: Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured in 64 participants using a digital handheld algometer before and after a submaximal isometric-handgrip exercise. EIH index was compared between low (VAS 0–3), moderate (VAS 4–7) and high (VAS 8–10) pain groups, using a linear mixed model analysis with participant as a random effect, and site, menstrual pain category and the interaction between the two, as fixed effects. Results: EIH was consistently induced in all groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the pain groups for EIH index (p=0.835) or for any co-variates (p>0.05). Conclusions: EIH was not found to differ between women who report regular low, moderate or high levels of menstrual pain, when measured at a point in their menstrual cycle when they are pain free. Implications: This study provides insight that EIH does not vary in women with differing levels of menstrual pain when they are not currently experiencing pain. The current findings indicate that, although menstrual pain can involve regular episodes of high pain levels, it may not be associated with the same central nervous system dysfunctions as seen in sustained chronic pain conditions.

PSX-B-20 Effect of shifting from forage to high grain diet on chewing, feed sorting and lying behavior of cows supplemented with or without a phytogenic additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
Ezequias Castillo-Lopez ◽  
Raul Rivera-Chacon ◽  
Sara Ricci ◽  
Nicole Reisinger ◽  
Qendrim Zebeli
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
First Order ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of changing from forage to a high grain diet on chewing, feed sorting and lying behavior of cows supplemented with or without a phytogenic feed additive. Nine cows were blocked in two groups and used in a change-over design. Each experimental run consisted of one week of forage feeding, one week of diet transition, and four weeks of high grain feeding (65% concentrate). During the washout period of 10 weeks between the two runs, cows grazed on pasture. Cows were fed either a control diet (CON) or a diet with a phytogenic additive (PHY) based on menthol, thymol and eugenol. Data on chewing, feed sorting and lying behavior were analyzed using SAS with week of feeding and supplementation as fixed effects, and cow as random effect. Data across weeks from the same cow were processed using a first order variance-covariance structure matrix taking into account that the covariance decays with time. We found a reduction (P &lt; 0.01) in rumination time by 53% with diet change. Within the high grain feeding, rumination reached lowest value in the second week (160 min/d). The high grain diet increased (P &lt; 0.01) selection for long size particles by 20%. Although lying time was not affected immediately after diet change, it increased (P &lt; 0.01) by 8% from the second week of high grain consumption. In the fourth week of grain feeding, there was a tendency for PHY to increase rumination (P = 0.07) and total chewing time (P = 0.10), but with no effect on sorting for fiber or lying time. The high grain diet decreased chewing and standing time, and increased sorting for fibrous ingredients especially after one week of feeding. The phytogenic feed additive may contribute to stimulate chewing in long term supplementation.

scholarly journals Levels of Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and Trace Elements (Zn, Cu) in Breast Milk From Mothers of Preterm and Term Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ustundag ◽  
Erdal Yilmaz ◽  
Yasar Dogan ◽  
Saadet Akarsu ◽  
Halit Canatan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels

It has been well documented that human milk contains several immunomodulator components which are important during infant period when the newborn's immune system is still under development. In this study, we aim at examining levels of cytokines, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in milk from mothers of premature and mature infants, and comparing changes during lactation periods consequently. Milk was collected from total of 40 mothers (group M: mothers of mature infants,n=20; group PM: mothers of premature infants,n=20) from four lactation stages: colostrum (0–7 days), transitional (7–14 days), mature milk (21 days), and mature milk (2nd month). Levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-lβ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were determined by chemiluminesence method, whereas atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the determination of Zn and Cu levels. Cytokine levels were determined to be high in colostrum and transient milk from mothers of full-term infants, whereas their levels were reduced drastically in the 21st day and the 2nd month milk (P<.01,P<.001). Similar trends were observed in milk from mothers of premature infants, but cytokine levels were significantly lower in colostrum compared to colostrum from mothers of mature infants (P<.01). The differences in cytokine levels were continuous in transient milk (P<.05) and mature milk (21 days) (P<.05), whereas there was no statistically significant differences between milk from both groups of mothers in the 2nd month (P>.05). Zn levels in milk from mothers of premature infants were significantly lower compared to the ones from mothers of mature infants (P<.01) and these differences continued through the 2nd month. Although Cu levels were lower in milk from mothers of premature infants, there was no statistically significant difference except colostrum (P>.05). Our results clearly demonstrate that the level of immunomodulating agents such as cytokines and trace elements in milk from mothers of premature infants is less than the level of the same agents in milk from mothers of full-term infants. Although there are commercially available products for infant feeding, human milk is still the best natural nutrient for newborns. Therefore, when premature infants are breastfed, necessary precautions such as supplemantary diets must be considered for possible infections and risks related with immune system deficiency.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Major Probiotics in Healthy Women’s Breast Milk by Realtime PCR. Factors Affecting the Presence of Those Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9400
Author(s):  
Georgia Nikolopoulou ◽  
Theofania Tsironi ◽  
Panagiotis Halvatsiotis ◽  
Ekaterini Petropoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Genaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Realtime Pcr ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Lactation Stage

Breast milk has been reported as a bacteria source that affects infant gut microbiota development. The present study utilizes a realtime PCR method to identify Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in the breast milk of healthy women and attempts to identify factors affecting those human milk bacteria. Breast milk samples—both colostrum and mature milk—of 100 healthy women, were collected in Greece along with data about the demographic factors and nutritional habits of the volunteers. The colostrum samples were found to have higher percentages of either Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus (76.9% and 48.6%, respectively) compared to the mature milk samples. For younger women, aged from 18 to 29 years, and women from rural areas, bacteria were detected in higher incidence than for older groups and women in urban areas, respectively. Moreover, for high-BMI women, bacteria were detected in lower incidence than for those with normal BMI. Probiotic supplements did not affect the composition of the breast milk-identified bacteria. Various factors such as lactation stage, maternal age, maternal weight, and residential location may contribute to the presence of those species in human milk. RT PCR has significant potential for the microbiological analysis of human milk.

scholarly journals Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
T Nugroho ◽  
A Nurhidayati ◽  
N Widyas ◽  
S Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Observation Results ◽  
Birth Type

Abstract This study aimed to confirm the present of dam effect on weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses. A total of 1081 weaning weight records (standardized to 77 days) from 527 does and 16 bucks were analyzed. Data were derived from Boer, Boerja F1 (Boer 3 × Jawarandu ?), and Boerja F2 (Boer 3 × Boerja F1 ?). Two statistic models namely Model 1 and Model 2 were compared using F-test for overall significance. Model 1 is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which consist only fixed effect as factor, while Model 2 is mixed model which includes fixed effect as factor and dam as a random effect. The fixed effects in both models are buck, doe type, parity of the dam, sex of kid, birth type, and year of observation. Results showed that buck, doe type, sex, birth type, and observation year affect significantly (P<0.05) to weaning weight, while parity had no effect (P=0.53). Based on the model’s comparison, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Model 1 and Model 2. Therefore, it is confirmed the present of dam effect on the weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses in the studied population.

scholarly journals Variation of the cholesterol content in breast milk during 10 days collection at early stages of lactation.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M Kamelska ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko ◽  
Krzysztof Bryl
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
High Level

More and more research is done concerning nutritional programming. Human milk nutrients which are consumed by infants can influence their health in later life. High level of cholesterol in human milk paradoxically lowers the cholesterol concentration in blood in adults. During the course of human lactation the cholesterol concentration decreases from 31 mg/100cm(3) (colostrum) to 16 mg/100 cm(3) (mature milk). According to Scopesi et al., 2002, Clin Nutr 21: 379-384, cholesterol concentration in mature milk ranged from 6.5 to 18.4 mg/100 cm(3). The aim of the study was to assess the variations in breast milk cholesterol content during 10 day collection at early lactation. 48 samples of human milk were analyzed. Mean age of women was 31 years. Women were collecting samples during 10 days of an early lactation stage (1-3 months after delivery). An Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR-ATR) method for easy and rapid determination of cholesterol in human milk was elaborated. Cholesterol content assessed by the FTIR method ranged from 3.36 to 12.98 mg/100 cm(3). Results indicate that milk cholesterol concentration during 10 consecutive days of early lactation is highly variable. Cholesterol content depends on an individual. Therefore it is suggested that not only the period of lactation but also mother's diet, age, season and place of residence are important factors determining cholesterol content.

Synbiotic supplementation is not effective on breast milk selenium concentrations and growth of exclusively breast fed infants: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Nikniaz ◽  
Reza Mahavi ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi ◽  
Zeinab Nikniaz ◽  
Sharare Taghipour
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Synbiotic Supplementation

Abstract. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 57 lactating mothers were randomly allocated into two groups to receive a daily supplement of synbiotic (n = 30) which contained different probiotic strains (2.0 × 108 CFU) and fructooligosaccharide (394 mg) or a placebo (n = 27) for 30 days. Dietary intake was collected from lactating women by 24-hour recall method. Breast milk selenium contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace. Weight for age Z-score (WAZ) and Height for age Z-score (HAZ) were evaluated for infants. Data analyses were assessed using nutritionist IV, Epi Info and SPSS software and presented as mean ± sd or SEM. The total mean breast milk selenium levels were 50.1 ± 16.1 mcg L−1. At the baseline, the mean breast milk selenium concentrations in the synbiotic and placebo groups were 51.7 ± 20.2 and 48.5 ± 12.1 mcg L−1. The mean breast milk selenium levels increased and decreased in the symbiotic and placebo groups respectively, which were not significant (p > 0.05). Also, comparison of the changes in breast milk selenium concentration showed no significant difference between the two study groups after the intervention. At the baseline, the mean WAZ and HAZ of infants whose mothers’ milk selenium was more than 60 mcg/l was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for others. In this pilot study, no significant effect was observed by synbiotic supplementation, however, for concise conclusion, more human studies with higher doses of supplements and longer duration of supplementation are needed to determine the effects of synbiotic supplementation on breast milk selenium contents and infants’ growth.

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