scholarly journals Proximate Analysis, Phytochemical Screening and Mineral Content of Pleurotus Pulmonarius (Oyster Mushroom) (P20-019-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobami Oloruntola ◽  
Omolola Omotosho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Abstract Objectives To determine the effects of sun drying, oven drying, microwave drying and deep frying on the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of the mushroom, to evaluate the most appropriate method for preservation and to extensively study the nutritional analysis of the various drying methods. Methods The proximate parameters: moisture content, ash content, crude protein, lipid/fat content, crude fiber, carbohydrate content, dried and matter were screened in all samples. Phytochemical screening for alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins/amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins and phenols was evaluated. Mineral content, sodium and potassium were determined. Results Result from each sample showed; moisture content (88.96%, 21.09%, 23.30%, 13.24% and 0.96% respectively), ash content(0.89%, 8.40%, 7.80%, 5.34% and 4.20% respectively), crude fibre (5.08%, 7.20%, 5.90%, 4.22% and 5.10% respectively), crude protein (21.17%, 25.03%, 23.06%, 21.34% and 14.28% respectively), crude lipid (2.09%, 3.42%, 2.19%, 2.07% and 2.30% respectively) and total carbohydrates (34.86% for sundried, 37.75% for microwave dried, 53.74% for oven dried and 73.16% for fried mushroom). Organic and dried matter were also analyzed. All five samples showed presence of sodium and potassium in varying amounts with sodium possessing the lowest values. The high protein, carbohydrate and fibre content obtained from all samples makes it suitable as a meal supplement. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the occurrence of active compounds such as carbohydrates in all samples, alkaloids (in sun dried, microwave dried and oven dried samples), glycosides in all but fried sample and saponins in all but fried and fresh samples. Sun dried mushrooms contained the highest content of potassium, 1.00% while fresh mushroom contains the least potassium content, 0.97%. Deep fried, sun dried and microwave dried mushroom contained equal sodium content, 0.09% and fried mushroom contained the highest, 0.12%. Conclusions It therefore authenticates the use of Pleurotus pulmonarius as an excellent food supplement as well as exhibiting anti-carcinogenic, hypocholesterolaemic, hypoglycaemic and immunostimulant effects due to the phytochemicals present. Funding Sources Covenant University, Kilometer 10 Idi-iroko road, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Viability of Hydrocarbon-degrading Bacterial Consortium Immobilized on Different Carriers

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Victor Ezebuiro ◽  
Ipeghan Jonathan Otaraku ◽  
Boma Oruwari ◽  
Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Carrier Materials ◽  
Cassava Peel

Aim: Viability of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium immobilized on different carriers was studied. Methodology: Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from crude oil contaminated sites in Gio and K-Dera, Rivers State, Nigeria using enrichment method. Proximate analyses were carried out on the best carrier materials. Immobilization was by direct adsorption of the isolates onto the carrier materials and viability was determined by plate count method. The carrier materials tested included soya bran, sugarcane bagasse, corn cob, brown saw dust, white saw dust, cassava peel and red mud (bentonite). Results: The bacterial isolates demonstrated varied degradation capacity. The best carrier material was saw dust (103.6% survival) and corn cob (103.6% survival) followed by soya bran (94.4% survival rate) and cassava peel (94.4% survival rate). The saw dust had moisture content, 5.92%; ash content, 7.49%; crude protein, 2.2%; volatile matter, 74.28; and fixed carbon, 12.34%; whereas, the percentage chemical composition observed for soya bran were 10.11, 4.08, 5.22, 42.61, 18.37 and 8.89 for moisture content, ash content, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate, respectively. There was significant difference (p=0.05) between viability rate observed with the different carrier materials. Conclusion: This study showed that the agro-wastes used in this study can effectively enhance the viability of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial. The result is significant as it shows the possibility of using these carrier materials for bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated media.

scholarly journals Proximate Composition and Mineral Content of Grasshoppermeal as an Alternative to Fishmeal for Fish Feed Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
I. G. Olaleye ◽  
P. E. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The purpose of this study is to determine the proximate composition and mineral content of grasshopper meal as an alternative feedstuff of animal source to substitute fishmeal in the production of fish feed. Grasshoppers were gotten from the market irrespective of size, they were de-winged and processed into powder. The biochemical content (proximate composition and mineral content) were analyzed. The proximate composition of edible grasshopper meal was assessed using A.O.A.C standard. The result obtained were 64.51%, 5.1%, 94.9%, 1.0%, 5.49%, 17.0% and 12% for crude protein content, moisture content, dry matter, ash, nitrogen free extract, crude fibre and ether extract respectively. The essential mineral content of grasshopper meal was also assessed and the result obtained were 0.55%, 0.12%, 0.1%, and 0.73% for calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium respective. The quality of nutrients and mineral composition of grasshopper meal makes it a good dietary supplement for fish and could be used in fish feed production.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties, Proximate Composition and Total Viable Counts of Staphylococcus aureus in ‘Nono’ And Yoghurt Samples in Kaduna, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Fausat Adeola Abdulrahman ◽  
Emiade Sanmi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity

The study aims at determining the physicochemical, proximate composition and the total viable count of Staphylococcus aureus in ‘Nono’ and yoghurt samples in Kaduna, Nigeria.Three hundred and eighty-four (384) fermented milk samples (Nono and yoghurt) were obtained from different selling points and were evaluated for the occurrence of S. aureus. The physicochemical and proximate analyses (pH, total titratable acidity, moisture content, ash content, protein content, and fat content) were determined. The results of the analyses showed that Nono had pH range of 3.56-3.61, total titratable acidity: 0.71-1.72, moisture content: 82.23-83.87%, ash content: 0.30-0.31%, crude protein content: 1.50-1.61%, crude fat content: 0.35-0.38 %. For yoghurt, the pH ranged from 3.76 -3.82, total titratable acidity: 1.10 -1.15, moisture content: 77.76-80.06%, ash content: 0.68- 0.70%, crude protein content: 3.40-3.45% and crude fat content: 1.76-1.79% from all the study areas. One hundred and four of the total samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Out of the 104 isolates of S. aureus that were isolated and identified, 88 were coagulase positive S.aureus. The Microgen Staph ID kit (Oxoid) was used to further confirm the characteristics of the 60 isolates of the coagulase positive S. aureus. The kit confirmed 43 isolates as S. aureus, the results indicated the presence of S. aureus in the milk samples which is of public health importance, as this can contribute to food-borne intoxication which can lead to food poisoning. There is a need for proper pasteurisation of raw milk to help eradicate S. aureus infection before human consumption.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of Oil Extract From Two Varieties of Fluted Pumpkin Seeds Using Different Extraction Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
M. O. Sunmonu ◽  
E. O. Ajala ◽  
M. M. Odewole ◽  
S. Morrison ◽  
A. M. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mean Values

This study investigates physical and chemical properties two seeds namely Ugba (Telfairia pedata) and Ugwu (Telfairia occidentalis) using soaking soxhlet methods of extraction. The physical properties examined are moisture content, ash content, crude protein, fat and oil, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The chemical properties examined are Acid value (mgKOH/g), saponification value, iodine value, free fatty acid, peroxide and refractive index. Higher mean values of moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrates were noticed in Ugwu than in Ugba under soaking method. However, the trend was reversed for crude protein and free fatty acid, in whose case they appear to be higher in Ugba than in Ugwu. For soxhlet method, moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and carbohydrates seems to have higher mean values in Ugwu seed compared to when Ugba seed was used. However, crude protein and fat and oil content were higher using Ugba seed than Ugwu seed oil. For soaking method, Ugba seed seem to produce higher mean values of sap value, iodine value, and refractive index when compared with Ugwu seed. On the other Ugwu, seems to produce acid value, free fatty acid and peroxide value when compared with ugba for soaking method. Using soxhlet apparatus however, Ugba seed produces higher mean values for acid value, sap value, iodine value, and free fatty acid compared to Ugwu. The reverse was the case with peroxide and refractive index, still with soxhlet apparatus.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 2, 2017, page: 48-60

scholarly journals Comparative of Different Drying Methods on the Phytochemical and Some Nutrient Components of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
N. B. Muhammad ◽  
S. Salihu ◽  
A. I. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Content Range

The effect of air, sun, and oven drying methods on scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and the organic and dietary elemental composition of its leaves was evaluated using standard analytical procedures. Drying increased significantly and the concentration of organic constituents evaluated. The ash content was markedly enhanced by drying and it range from 2% in the fresh sample to 11.5% in the oven-dried sample, the fiber content range from 1.5% in the fresh sample to 5.5% in the air-dried sample, also the lipid content from 0.5% in fresh sample to 2.5% in both air-dried and oven-dried sample, the moisture content was markedly low in the drying method compared to the fresh, the carbohydrate content range from 9.46% in the fresh sample to 76.20% in the sun-dried sample, the protein content ranging from 1.54% in the fresh sample to 2.80% in the sun-dried sample. Preserving Ocimum gratissimum leaves in a more hygienic way and ensure its all-year round availability and possible elimination of most nutrient deficiencies. A significant increase in mineral content was observed upon drying except for K and Ca whose concentration was found to be high (2050±0.003 mg/kg and 1.50±0.003 mg/kg) in the fresh sample and observed low in the dried samples. All the results are expressed in MEAN±SEM (Standard Error of Mean) and a significant difference was observed among the drying methods. The result of this study suggest that drying methods increase the concentration of organic and dietary elemental compositions.

scholarly journals Types of Acid and Drying Method Differently Affect the Chemical Profile of Sodium Caseinate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Maruddin ◽  
R. Malaka ◽  
S. Sabil ◽  
S. Baba ◽  
H. Amqam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Sodium caseinate is a rich source of protein and minerals originating from animals. Numerous food and non-food products are made from sodium caseinate. The present study investigated the chemical components (moisture, crude protein, ash, and soluble crude protein) of sodium caseinate prepared by different acids and drying techniques. Methods: A completely randomized factorial design was used by different acids including hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid, and also drying methods including oven (50 °C for 48 h) and freeze drying (-40 °C for 48 h). In each experimental group, sodium caseinate was obtained for determination of moisture, crude protein, ash, and soluble crude protein. Data were statistically evaluated using an ANOVA in SPSS 18.0. Results: The interaction of both acids and drying methods significantly (p<0.01) affected moisture, crud protein, and ash content. HCl treatment coupled with freeze drying was the best combination, resulting in an appreciably higher content of crude protein (52.90%), moisture (5.38%), and soluble protein (0.85%). Conclusion: The kinds of acid and drying method altered the chemically profile of sodium caseinate. The combination of HCl and freeze drying could be the considered as the best approach, resulting in good chemical characteristics of sodium caseinate.

scholarly journals Effect of different processing methods on the biochemical composition of water hyacinth and acceptability by WAD goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
A. A. Mako ◽  
V. O. Akinwande
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre

The limiting factor in the use of water hyacinth (WH) as a fodder is the high moisture content. Subjecting this water weed to various processing methods might reduce the moisture content to an appreciable level that will be tolerated by animals. Fresh samples of water hyacinth harvested from lagoon water body in Ogun State were processed into wilted, ensiled, sun-cured. Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 involved the determination of nutrient composition (Dry matter, Crude protein, Crude fibre Ash, Neutral detergent fibre and Acid detergent fibre), mineral content(macro and micro minerals) and secondary metabolites (spot test analysis of (saponin, phenol and steroid) of fresh and processed WH. In experiment II, the fresh and processed WH were fed to eight WAD goats in a cefetaria feeding trial to determine the Coefficient of Preference (COP) ofall forms of water hyacinth. Results revealed that, the nutrient composition was influenced by processing methods except for the ash content. The sun-cured WH contained more dry matter (89.30 g/100g DM), while the lowest dry matter (8.22 g/100g DM) was recorded for fresh WH. However, ensiled WH contained more crude protein (16.23 g/100g DM) than other forms of WH, the lowest CP (10.42 g/100gDM) was recorded for fresh WH (DBG has some protein in it and it added to the water hyacinth, hence the raised CP content of ensiled WH). However, the neutral detergent fibre ranged from 55.20 to66.25 g/100g DM in ensiled and sun-cured respectively.The mineral content of all forms of WH were similar. Qualitative evaluation of saponin, phenol and steroid showed that all forms of WH contained tannins and steroids; saponin was found but declared negative due to height of the form. The result of COP,showed thatthefresh WH (0.74) was rejected, while all processed WH were acceptable to the animals.However,the ensiled WH (1.40) was most preferred. It is concluded that processing methods can improve the nutrient composition of WH and also the preference by animals.

Effect of Processing Treatments on Proximate Composition of Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet)

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Aanchal Johari ◽  
Asha Kawatra
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Standard Methods

In the present study effect of processing treatments viz. blanching and germination on the proximate composition of Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) was studied. Proximate composition was analysed by the standard methods determined according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Results indicated that moisture content increased significantly after processing treatments. Blanching resulted in non significant increase in ash content of pearl millet grains. The crude protein content of unprocessed pearl millet was 11.55%. The crude protein content of blanched pearl millet grains was 11.27%. Crude protein content of germinated grains was found to be 12.38% as in comparison to 11.55% in unprocessed and 11.27 in blanching treatment. Crude fat content of unprocessed (control), blanched and germinated pearl millet grains were 5.36, 5.09 and 4.55%, respectively. Fiber content increased significantly after blanching and germination processing treatments. Processing treatments not only effect the nutritional composition of pearl millet but also contribute towards enhancement of shelf life.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of salted smoke-dried and salt-garlic treated smoke-dried chapila (Gudusia chapra; Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) fish stored at room temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosarrat Nabila Nahid ◽  
Gulshan Ara Latifa ◽  
Farzana Binte Farid ◽  
Mohajira Begum
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ash Content

Proximate composition of chapila fish (Gudusia chapra) was determined using two different treatments of smoke-drying. In salt treated smoke-dried chapila (S-C), moisture, crude protein, lipid and ash contents were found 5.31%, 46.47%, 29.05% and 19.92% respectively. The same parameters were 6.77%, 45.24%, 30.52% and 18.71% respectively in case of salt-garlic treated smokedried chapila (S+G-C) fish. During storage at room temperature (26-320C), the percentage of moisture was increased significantly whereas crude protein, lipid and ash contents were decreased. The values of moisture (%) content were increased 9.91% (8th months) in S-C and 10.74 % (16th months) in S+G-C respectively. The values of protein (%) content were decreased 44.81% (8th months) in S-C and 42.66% (16th months) in S+G-C respectively. Values of fat and ash (%) content were decreased 28.55% and 18.01% (8th months) respectively in S-C and 28.75% and 17.34% (16th months) respectively in S+G-C. The overall study showed that the smoke cured fish treated with salt-garlic had longer shelf life and found better for preservation.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 205-209, 2014

scholarly journals Determination of Drying Patterns of Radish Slabs under Different Drying Methods Using Hyperspectral Imaging Coupled with Multivariate Analysis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyoung Lee ◽  
Santosh Lohumi ◽  
Byoung-Kwan Cho ◽  
Seung Hyun Lee ◽  
Hyunmo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hyperspectral Image ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air

Drying kinetics and the moisture distribution map of radish slabs under different drying methods (hot-air drying (HAD), microwave drying (MD), and hot-air and microwave combination drying (HMCD)) were determined and visualized by hyperspectral image (HSI) processing coupled with a partial least square regression (PLSR)-variable importance in projection (VIP) model, respectively. Page model was the most suitable in describing the experimental moisture loss data of radish slabs regardless of the drying method. Dielectric properties (DP, ε ) of radish slices decreased with the decrease in moisture content (MC) during MD, and the penetration depth of microwaves in radish was between 0.81 and 1.15 cm. The PLSR-VIP model developed with 38 optimal variables could result in the high prediction accuracies for both the calibration ( R c a l 2 = 0.967 and RMSEC = 4.32 % ) and validation ( R v a l 2 = 0.962 and RMSEC = 4.45 % ). In visualized drying patterns, the radish slabs dried by HAD had a higher moisture content at the center than at the edges; however, the samples dried by MD contained higher moisture content at the edges. The nearly uniform drying pattern of radish slabs under HMCD was observed in hyperspectral images. Drying uniformity of radish slabs could be improved by the combination drying method, which significantly reduces drying time.

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