In VitroAnti-Plasmodial Activity ofTrigonella foenum–graecumL.

Developing countries, where malaria is one of the most prevalent diseases, still rely on traditional medicine as a source for the treatment of this disease. For the present study,Trigonella foenum-graecumL. (fenugreek) were collected from Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. The test plant has been used in India by traditional healers for the treatment of fever as well as other diseases. The active principle was extracted out in different solvent systems to assess the anti-plasmodial potential, with an aim that they can further be utilized to formulate drugs.In vitroanti-plasmodial assay of the extracted fractions of fenugreek leaves was carried out using laboratory adapted chloroquine sensitive and resistantPlasmodium falciparumisolates. Schizont maturation inhibition assay was adopted to analyze the potential of the extracts. Ethanol extract (50%) seemed to possess profound anti-plasmodial activity with IC50value of 8.75 ± 0.35 µg ml−1and 10.25 ± 0.35 µg ml−1against chloroquine sensitive and resistantP. falciparumisolates, respectively. Among the investigated six fractions of the plant extracts, two were found to have significant anti-plasmodial activity with IC50values <10 µg ml−1, namely ethanol and butanol extracts. Two extracts chloroform and ethyl acetate showed moderate activity with IC50values ranging from 10 to 20 µg ml−1, and the other two extracts, hexane and water appeared to be inactive with IC50values >85 µg ml−1. In addition, preliminary phytochemical screening of the various extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponin, tannin like phenolic compounds, flavonoids and steroids.

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Assessment of Antimalarial Activity againstPlasmodium falciparumand Phytochemical Screening of Some Yemeni Medicinal Plants

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nem148 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 453-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mohammed A. Alshawsh ◽

Ramzi A. Mothana ◽

Hassan A. Al-shamahy ◽

Salah F. Alsllami ◽

Ulrike Lindequist

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

World Health ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cissus Rotundifolia ◽

Health Organization

Developing countries, where malaria is one of the most prevalent diseases, still rely on traditional medicine as a source for the treatment of this disease. In the present study, six selected plants (Acalypha fruticosa,Azadirachta indica,Cissus rotundifolia,Echium rauwalfii,Dendrosicyos socotranaandBoswellia elongata) commonly used in Yemen by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria as well as other diseases, were collected from different localities of Yemen, dried and extracted with methanol and water successfully. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was evaluated against fresh clinical isolates ofPlasmodium falciparum. The selectivity parameters to evaluate the efficacy of these medicinal plants were measured byin vitromicro test (Mark III) according to World Health Organization (WHO) 1996 & WHO 2001 protocols of antimalarial drug tests. Among the investigated 12 extracts, three were found to have significant antiplasmodial activity with IC50values less than 4 µg/ml, namely the water extracts ofA. fruticosa,A. indicaandD. socotrana. Six extracts showed moderate activity with IC50values ranging from 10 to 30 µg/ml and three appeared to be inactive with IC50values more than 30 µg/ml. In addition, preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic and aqueous extracts indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides and peptides.

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IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SYZYGIUM SAMARANGENSE (Wt.)

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj283 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 30-32

Author(s):

Poonkodi K ◽

Mini R ◽

Vimaladevi K ◽

Prabhu V ◽

Anusuya M ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Hela Cell ◽

Cell Line ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Hela Cell Line ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dependent Activity

The present investigation is carried out to study the invitro cytotoxicity of ethanol extract of Syzygium samarangense leaves on HeLa cell line by using MTT assay. Ethanol extract of S. samarangense showed concentration dependent activity on HeLa cell line with IC50 value of 40.5 μg/ml which shows that ethanol extract of S. samarangense posses significant cytoxicity.Moreover the preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terphenoids, saponins, tannins and steroids which are responsible for its cytotoxicity. There are only a few reports are available for cytotoxicity of ethanol extract of S. samarangense.

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Anti-inflammatory and Anti-HIV Compounds from Swertia bimaculata

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0043-114736 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (17) ◽

pp. 1368-1373 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Miao Dong ◽

Li-Qiu Quan ◽

Wei-Feng Dai ◽

Shi-Li Yan ◽

Chin-Ho Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Oxide Production ◽

New Compounds ◽

Anti Hiv ◽

Hiv 1

AbstractThree new compounds (1 – 3), including a sesterterpenoid, aspterpenacid C (1), with an unusual 5/3/7/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton, together with seven known ones (4 – 10), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Swertia bimaculata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the methods of spectroscopic NMR, MS, and computational chemistry. The structure of 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 – 10 were tested for activities on the inhibition of nitric oxide production and HIV-1 replication in vitro. Compound 1 exhibited moderate activity in inhibiting nitric oxide production (IC50 = 16.1 µM) and HIV-1 replication (EC50 = 1.35 µM).

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Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis L) Extract Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

Health Notions ◽

10.33846/hn40805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 261-266

Author(s):

Hardian Bimanto ◽

Yuyun Dwi Wahyuni ◽

Diah Titik Mutiarawati ◽

Lully Hanni Endarini

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Normality Test ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Green Tea Leaves

This study aimed to determine phytochemical screening and ethanol extract activity of the green leaves against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The microbial activity of the ethanol extract was carried out using the diffusion and dilution method with concentrations used of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5.5% accompanied by three repetitions. The results showed that the ethanol extract of green tea leaves contained alkaloids, saponins, steroids or triterpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins and had the largest inhibition zone diameter of 30mm at a concentration of 4.5%. KHM (Minimum Inhibitory Content) at a level of 4.5% and KBM (Minimum Kill Rate) at a concentration of 5.5%. Analysis of the data with the normality test then proceed with the Kruskal Wallis test obtained a value of P = 0.008. With the value P

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI PERKOLASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.30649/pst.v2i1.99 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Yanu Andhiarto ◽

Rina Andayani ◽

Nur Hidayatul Ilmiyah

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Activity Test

Skin infections most often found in developing countries, especially in the tropics, are purulent skin inflammation (pyoderma), the main cause of Staphylococcus aureus. The increasing number of cases of bacteria that are resistant to antibacterial can encourage the extraction of sources of antibacterial drugs from natural ingredients. One of the plants that is thought to have the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus is the Neem plant. In this study an antibacterial activity test was carried out with the well diffusion method from 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves extracted by percolation method. Previously 96% ethanol extract from Mimba leaves had been identified by secondary metabolites by phytochemical screening and standardized extract testing. Standarization using non-specific parameters (moisture content, ash content and drying losses) found that 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves entered a range of standard parameters and in phytochemical screening tests obtained 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves containing alcaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids / terpenoids and flavonoids. The results of the study on the antibacterial activity test showed a concentration of 75% ethanol extract of 96% Mimba leaves classified as having strong activity, at a concentration of 50% and 25% classified as having moderate activity. Based on this study it can be concluded that the three concentrations of 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

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Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) sebagai Antioksidan dan Antiinflamasi

Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan ◽

10.17728/jatp.4201 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Hasim Hasim ◽

Yupi Yulianita Arifin ◽

Dimas Andrianto ◽

Didah Nur Faridah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Belimbing wuluh merupakan tanaman jenis buah dan obat tradisional. Tanaman belimbing wuluh sudah sering dimanfaatkan masyarakat salah satunya untuk mengobati penyakit seperti batuk dan radang rektum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji senyawa fitokimia, menganalisis kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid, serta aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi secara in vitro pada ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi daun belimbing wuluh, skrining fitokimia, perhitungan total fenol dan flavonoid, uji aktivitas antioksidan, dan uji aktivitas antiinflamasi. Senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung pada ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh adalah saponin, tanin, steroid, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh secara berturut-turut sebesar 39,03 dan 97,28 µg QE/mg. Ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong sangat kuat, sementara aktivitas antiinflamasinya terutama ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 µg/ ml, memiliki nilai persen inhibisi hemolisis yang paling tinggi. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh dapat menjadi salah satu sumber antioksidan dan antiinflamasi alami.Ethanol Extracts of Averrhoa Bilimbi Leaf Demonstrated Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory ActivityAbstractAverrhoa bilimbi, a fruit-bearing plant, has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes such as treatment of cough and rectal inflammation. In this current work, ethanol extract of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf was analyzed, with regard to phytochemical composition, i.e. total phenolic, and flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antiinflammation activity. Extraction of carambola leaves, phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contens, assay of antioxidant activity, and assay of anti-inflammatory activity were done in this research. As a result, the leaf extract positively contained some phytochemical compounds, i.e. saponin, tannin, steroid, flavonoid, and alkaloid. Furthermore, total phenolic and flavonoid of the leaf extract was found at 39.03 and 97.28 µg QE/mg extract, respectively. Additionally, antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was classified as very strong, while its anti-inflammatory feature at extract concentration of 200 µg/ml exhibited the highest inhibition of hemolysis. In summary, the ability of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf ethanol extracts to act as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents was determined and this may open the use for natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

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Phytochemical, physicochemical, TLC, minerals analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Heldigardia populifolia

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology ◽

10.33974/ijrpst.v1i1.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

T Bhanumathi ◽

P Keerthana ◽

A Cheenakesavulu ◽

M Neeharika ◽

E Sandhya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Permissible Limits ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Composition Of Minerals ◽

Tlc Analysis ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The aim of present study was to investigate the preliminary phytochemical, physicochemical, TLC, minerals analysis and In-vitro antioxidant activity of leaves of ethanolic extract of Heldigardia populifolia. The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract showed the presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, steroids, phenols, carbohydrates and saponins. The composition of minerals found in the leaf powder was within the permissible limits. TLC analysis of ethanol extract showed the five spots which indicate the presence of five phytoconstituents. The extractive value of ethanol was high than acetone. Ash values were within the limits. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract increased with increasing the concentration. The ethanolic extract in all the concentration showed the significant antioxidant activity.

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In vitro antiproliferation activity of Typhonium flagelliforme leaves ethanol extract and its combination with canine interferons on several tumor-derived cell lines

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.931-939 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 931-939

Author(s):

Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto ◽

Riski Rostantinata ◽

Eva Harlina ◽

Waras Nurcholis ◽

Rachmi Ridho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Mixed Tumor ◽

In Ovo ◽

Benign Mixed Tumor ◽

Canine Mammary Gland

Background and Aim: Tumor disorder is one of the degenerative diseases that affected human and animals and recently is tend to increase significantly. The treatment of tumor diseases can be performed through surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological substances, and herbs medicine. Typhonium flagelliforme leaves extract known to have an antiproliferation activity, while interferons (IFNs) one of the cytokines that first used as an antiviral agent was also known to have antitumor activity. Nowadays, the treatment of tumors using a traditional way, including the use of herbal substances, becomes popular. Some limitations of the antitumor activity due to resistant development of the cell to some substances were one of the problems on why the treatment of cancer was unsuccessful. This study aimed to elaborate the synergistic effect on the antiproliferation and anti-angiogenesis activities of the combinations between T. flagelliforme leaves ethanol extract and canine natural (natural canine IFN [nCaIFN]) and recombinant (recombinant canine IFN [rCaIFN]) IFNs on tumor-derived cell lines to find the new potential antitumor substances. Materials and Methods: The extraction of T. flagelliforme leaves was performed using the maceration method and followed by phytochemical screening assays. According to the result of LC50 by the brine shrimp lethality test, the dose used for T. flagelliforme extract was 120 ppm while the dose of IFNs was 102 U/ml. The tumor-derived cell lines (canine squamous cell carcinoma [CSCC], canine mammary gland benign mixed tumor/MCM-IPB-B3, and feline squamous cell carcinoma [FSCC]) and normal rabbit endothelial cells were cultured and maintained on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium DMEM/Ham-F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotic, and antifungal. The antiproliferation activity was assayed by calculated the total cell number after treated with the tested substances. The antiangiogenesis assay was performed using in vitro method on rabbit normal endothelial cells and in ovo using chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Results: The phytochemical screening test of the T. flagelliforme leaves ethanol extract indicated that the compound consisted of flavonoid, steroid, and tannin. The antiproliferation activity was increased in the combination of substances compared to the single exposure of each substance on all tested tumor-derived cell lines. There was no significantly different on the antiproliferation activity between a combination of T. flagelliforme with nCaIFN or rCaIFN in every single tested cell lines, but the comparison of this activity among the three tumor-derived cell lines seem that the antiproliferation activity is more effective on CSCC cell lines compared to the canine mammary gland benign mixed tumor and FSCC cell lines. A similar pattern of synergistic effect was also detected on the anti-angiogenesis activity in vitro using rabbit endothelial cells as well as in ovo assays. The most effective of the in vitro and in ovo anti-angiogenesis activity was observed on the combination substances between T. flagelliforme extract and rCaIFN compared to other treatments. Conclusion: There was a synergistic effect on the antiproliferation and antiangiogenesis activities of the combination between T. flagelliforme and canine IFNs (natural and recombinant) and this result could be developed as another alternative on the cancer treatments.

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COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF PRUNUS AMYGDALUS (BAIL.) AND HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS (LINN.)

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.57.04.12150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (04) ◽

pp. 29-31

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Assay Method ◽

Inhibition Assay ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Prunus Amygdalus ◽

Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽

Ic50 Values

A comparative study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic activity from the aqueous extract of dried pericarp of Prunus amygdalus Bail and ethanolic extract of dried flower of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. against the standard Acarbose.The aqueous extract of P. amygdalus and ethanolic extract of H. rosa-sinensis were extracted by the continuous hot extraction process.The qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract reveals the presence of phytosterols, phenols, carbohydrates, flavanoids, saponins, amino acids and alkaloids, phenol, tannins, cardiac glycoside, saponin and flavonoids, respectively. In vitro pharmacological activity of P. amygdalus and H.rosa-sinensis were performed and compared by α-amylase inhibition assay method. The percentage inhibition of α-amylase by P. amygdalus, H. rosa-sinensis and Acarbose (50 &100 μg/mL) at dose of 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL were found to be 60.11±2.74%,74.86±0.31*%, 71.36± 1.86%, 81.49±1.72%, 82.33±1.10% and 95.37±0.56*%, respectively. The IC50 values were found to be 40.26μg/mL for acarbose, 49.63mg/mL for ethanolic extract of H. rosa-sinensis and 56.42mg/mL for aqueous extract of P. amygdalus.

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Exploring Antiparasitic Molecule Sources from Timber by-Product Industries—Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Compounds from Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.584668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Torres ◽

Sara M. Robledo ◽

Wiston Quiñones ◽

Gustavo Escobar ◽

Rosendo Archbold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Leishmania Braziliensis ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Hamster Model ◽

Cutaneous Ulcer ◽

Pure Substances ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Median Effective Concentration

Through bioguided in vitro assays, the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal effects of an ethanol extract, seven fractions, and two pure substances obtained from Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff sawdust were established. The effectiveness of the two metabolites was confirmed in a hamster model of cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Leishmania braziliensis and in Balb/c mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. In vitro, 3,5-dimethoxystilbene was the most active against L. braziliensis amastigotes, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.18 μg/ml (17.40 μM) and a selectivity index of 3.55, but showed moderate activity for T. cruzi, with a median effective concentration (EC50) value of 27.7 μg/ml (115.36 μM). Flavanone pinostrobin, meanwhile, showed high activity against L. braziliensis, with an EC50 of 13.61 μg/ml (50.39 μM), as well as for T. cruzi, with an EC50 of 18.2 μg/ml (67.38 μM). The animal model assay of cutaneous Leishmaniasis showed that 50% of the hamsters treated with pinostrobin were definitively cured the cutaneous ulcer, and 40% showed an improvement, with a reduction in the size of the of 84–87%. Moreover, Balb/c mice experimentally infected with T. cruzi and treated for 25 days with pinostrobin experienced a reduction in their parasitemia by 71%. These results demonstrate the high potential of C. brunnea Amshoff against cutaneous Leishmaniasis and American trypanosomiasis and indicate the pharmacological potential of waste from the wood industry, which has tons of potentially useful chemicals for the development of new medicines.

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