Association of First Employment Characteristics and Hospitalization in the Mayo Clinic Biobank

Abstract Work history is associated with long term health outcomes We hypothesize that characteristics of the first work experience, such as age at first job and length of work (hereafter job) are associated with future risk of hospitalization. We further hypothesize that the length of work will be associated with hospitalization. We conducted a survey of adults >60 years using a nested case-control approach within the Mayo Clinic Biobank. We collected job related variables including age at job start, reason for ending, and length of time. To test associations between each variable and hospitalization, we used age and gender adjusted logistic regression models. Our study included 4,024 subjects: 1,801 cases and 2223 controls. The mean age at time of match was 77.3 years (SD 7.2 years) with 49.2% males. Older age at the first full-time job was associated with lower chance of hospitalization later in life (OR=0.81 [0.67, 0.97] for those who started the job over 22 compared to those started at 18 or less). Cases were more likely to have stopped working because of illness (OR=2.04 [95% CI 1.29,3.27]). Cases were less likely to have stopped working because of retirement (OR=0.82 [95% CI: 0.72, 0.93]). We found cases were employed with a slightly shorter time (20.5 yrs. (SD 16.6)) compared to controls (21.8 yrs. (SD 16.3)) (p=0.005). Cases started work earlier and stopped work more frequently because of illness/disability compared to controls. This could reflect educational attainment in controls. This study highlights work history as potential predictor of future hospitalization.

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Sleep duration and napping in relation to colorectal and gastric cancer in the MCC-Spain study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91275-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyriaki Papantoniou ◽

Gemma Castaño-Vinyals ◽

Ana Espinosa ◽

Michelle C. Turner ◽

Vicente Martín-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Night Shift ◽

Work History ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽

Population Controls ◽

Control Study

AbstractSleep duration is a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor for cancer. We evaluated the association of self-reported sleep duration and daytime napping with odds of colorectal and gastric cancer. We included 2008 incident colorectal cancer cases, 542 gastric cancer cases and 3622 frequency-matched population controls, recruited in the MCC-Spain case–control study (2008–2013). Sleep information, socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained through personal interviews. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer, across categories of sleep duration (≤ 5, 6, 7, 8, ≥ 9 hours/day), daytime napping frequency (naps/week) and duration (minutes/nap). Compared to 7 hours of sleep, long sleep was associated with increased odds of colorectal (OR≥9 hours: 1.59; 95%CI 1.30–1.94) and gastric cancer (OR≥9 hours: 1.95; 1.37–2.76); short sleep was associated with increased odds of gastric cancer (OR≤5 hours: 1.32; 0.93–1.88). Frequent and long daytime naps increased the odds of colorectal (OR6–7 naps/week, ≥30 min: 1.32; 1.14–1.54) and gastric cancer (OR6–7 naps/week, ≥30 min: 1.56; 1.21–2.02). Effects of short sleep and frequent long naps were stronger among participants with night shift-work history. Sleep and circadian disruption may jointly play a role in the etiology of colorectal and gastric cancer.

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Children’s erythrocyte fatty acids are associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82200-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sari Niinistö ◽

◽

Iris Erlund ◽

Hye-Seung Lee ◽

Ulla Uusitalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

High Genetic Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

And Gender ◽

Nested Case Control

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the associations between erythrocyte fatty acids and the risk of islet autoimmunity in children. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study (TEDDY) is a longitudinal cohort study of children at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) born between 2004 and 2010 in the U.S., Finland, Sweden, and Germany. A nested case–control design comprised 398 cases with islet autoimmunity and 1178 sero-negative controls matched for clinical site, family history, and gender. Fatty acids composition was measured in erythrocytes collected at the age of 3, 6, and 12 months and then annually up to 6 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for HLA risk genotype, ancestry, and weight z-score. Higher eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid (n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) levels during infancy and conjugated linoleic acid after infancy were associated with a lower risk of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, higher levels of some even-chain saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were associated with increased risk. Fatty acid status in early life may signal the risk for islet autoimmunity, especially n − 3 fatty acids may be protective, while increased levels of some SFAs and MUFAs may precede islet autoimmunity.

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Use of Hydroxychloroquine And Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.201180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jrheum.201180

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Sorour ◽

Reto D. Kurmann ◽

Youssef E. Shahin ◽

Cynthia S. Crowson ◽

Sara J. Achenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Cumulative Dose ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Developing Heart ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Higher Doses

Objective To examine the relationship between the use of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and risk of developing Heart Failure (HF) in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods In this nested case-control study, cases were Olmsted county, Minnesota residents with incident RA (based on 1987 ACR criteria) from 1980-2013 who developed HF after RA incidence. Each case was matched on year of birth, sex and year of RA incidence with an RA control who did not develop HF. Data on HCQ use including start and stop dates and dose changes was reviewed, and used to calculate HCQ duration and cumulative dose. Age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between HCQ and HF. Results The study identified 143 RA cases diagnosed with HF (mean age 65.8, 62% females) and 143 non-HF RA controls (mean age 64.5, 62% female). HCQ cumulative dose was not associated with HF (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.96 per 100g increase in cumulative dose, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.90-1.03). Likewise, no association was found for patients with a cumulative dose ≥300g (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.41-2.08). The HCQ duration of intake in years prior to index was not associated with HF (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.05). Conclusion Use of HCQ was not associated with development of HF in patients with RA in this study. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of higher doses of HCQ on development of HF in RA.

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Increased Odds of Melanoma: Parkinson's Disease, Essential Tremor, Dystonia versus Controls

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000443794 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 128-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sherif Y. Shalaby ◽

Elan D. Louis

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Essential Tremor ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Total N ◽

P Values ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽

And Gender

Objective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have an increased risk of melanoma, although the mechanisms are unclear. We are unaware of studies that have assessed the association between other movement disorders, such as essential tremor (ET) and dystonia, and melanoma. In this study, we assessed the association between ET, PD, dystonia and cancer (esp. melanoma). Methods: One hundred and eight PD cases, 139 ET cases, and 54 dystonia cases, and 124 controls were enrolled in a research study of the epidemiology of movement disorders (total n = 425). The groups were frequency matched on age and gender. Cancer diagnoses were made based on self-reports. Melanoma diagnoses were further validated. Results: The prevalence of melanoma was higher in PD cases than controls (13.9 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001), and was marginally higher in ET cases (5.8%, p = 0.08) and dystonia cases (7.4%, p = 0.06) than controls. In adjusted logistic regression models, the odds of melanoma was 7.09-9.84 times higher in PD cases than controls (p values 0.01-0.003), 3.73-4.10 times higher in ET cases than controls (p values 0.08-0.10), and 4.88-5.27 times higher in dystonia cases than controls (p values 0.06-0.07). Conclusion: The links between neurological disorders and melanoma, long-known, may not be specific to PD and may extend to other movement disorders.

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Employee perceptions of the influence of diversity dimensions on co-worker interactions and daily organizational operations

Corporate Ownership and Control ◽

10.22495/cocv12i1c9p5 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 810-819

Author(s):

Atasha Reddy ◽

Sanjana Brijball Parumasur

Keyword(s):

Sexual Orientation ◽

Work Experience ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Economic Status ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Employee Perceptions ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Influences ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

This study assesses employee perceptions of the influence of diversity dimensions (race, gender, religion, language, sexual orientation, attitudes, values, work experience, physical ability, economic status, personality) on their interactiions with co-workers as well as on their organization in its daily operations. These perceptions were also compared and gender related correlates were assessed. The study was undertaken in a public sector Electricity Department in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The population includes 100 employees in the organization, from which a sample of 81 was drawn using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, pre-coded, self-administered questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reflect that employees perceive that their interactions with co-workers are most likely to be influenced by attitudes, work experience and personality and that daily organizational operations are most likely to be influenced by race, work experience and attitudes. Furthermore, religion and sexual orientation are perceived as having the least influence on co-worker interaction and day-to-day organizational operations. In the study it was also found that employees perceive that race followed by gender influences day-to-day organizational operations to a larger extent than it influences co-worker interactions. Recommendations made have the potential to enhance the management of workforce diversity

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Compassion fatigue of funeral directors during and after the first wave of COVID-19

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdab030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roel Van Overmeire ◽

Rose-Lima Van Keer ◽

Marie Cocquyt ◽

Johan Bilsen

Keyword(s):

Compassion Fatigue ◽

Work Experience ◽

Online Survey ◽

Secondary Trauma ◽

Compassion Satisfaction ◽

Funeral Directors ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Life Scale ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background Compassion fatigue has not been studied among funeral directors. Yet, funeral directors have been exposed to the same risks for compassion fatigue as other caregivers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods An online survey was spread two times to 287 employees of funeral home DELA, in Belgium. Once during the height of the first wave of COVID-19 in Belgium, and a second time at the end of the first wave. The professional quality of life-scale 5 (PROQOL-5) was used to measure compassion fatigue, which includes burnout, compassion satisfaction and secondary trauma. Non-parametric tests were performed. Results In total, 104 participants answered the first survey, and 107 the second. Burnout increases from survey 1 to survey 2 (P < 0.001), while compassion satisfaction (P = 0.011) and secondary trauma decrease (P < 0.001). In survey 1, only age (P = 0.007) and gender (P = 0.040) were found to be significantly associated with secondary trauma. In survey 2, having more work experience is associated with having a higher burnout (P = 0.008) and secondary trauma (P = 0.001) score. Neither for burnout (P < 0.001), nor for secondary trauma (P < 0.001) are there any respondents in the highest category. Conclusions Although overall funeral directors do not have acute problems with compassion fatigue, burnout scores increase significantly after the first wave.

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Transitions in hookah (Waterpipe) smoking by U.S. sexual minority adults between 2013 and 2015: the population assessment of tobacco and health study wave 1 and wave 2

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10389-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary Rezk-Hanna ◽

Ian W. Holloway ◽

Joy Toyama ◽

Umme Shefa Warda ◽

Lorree Catherine Berteau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Health Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Population Assessment ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Global Epidemic ◽

Product Use ◽

Hookah Smoking ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking using a hookah (i.e., waterpipe) is a global epidemic. While evidence suggests that sexual minorities (SM) have higher odds of hookah use compared to heterosexuals, little is known about their hookah use patterns and transitions. We sought to examine transitions between hookah smoking and use of other tobacco and electronic (e-) products among SM adults aged 18 years of age and older versus their heterosexual counterparts. Methods We analyzed nationally representative data of ever and current hookah smokers from Wave 1 (2013–2014; ever use n = 1014 SM and n = 9462 heterosexuals; current use n = 144 SM and n = 910 heterosexuals) and Wave 2 (2014–2015; ever use n = 901 SM and n = 8049 heterosexuals; current use n = 117 SM and n = 602 heterosexuals) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Comparisons between groups and gender subgroups within SM identity groups were determined with Rao-Scott chi-square tests and multivariable survey-weighted multinomial logistic regression models were estimated for transition patterns and initiation of electronic product use in Wave 2. Results Ever and current hookah smoking among SM adults (ever use Wave 1: 29% and Wave 2: 31%; current use Wave 1: 4% and Wave 2: 3%) was higher than heterosexuals (ever use Wave 1: 16% and Wave 2: 16%; current use Wave 1: 1% and Wave 2: 1%; both p < 0.0001). Among SM adults who reported hookah use at Wave 1, 46% quit hookah use at Wave 2; 39% continued hookah use and did not transition to other products while 36% of heterosexual adults quit hookah use at Wave 2 and 36% continued hookah use and did not transition to other products. Compared with heterosexuals, SM adults reported higher use of hookah plus e-products (Wave 2 usage increased by 65 and 83%, respectively). Conclusions Compared to heterosexuals, in addition to higher rates of hookah smoking, higher percentages of SM adults transitioned to hookah plus e-product use between 2013 and 2015. Results have implications for stronger efforts to increase awareness of the harmful effects of hookah as well as vaping, specifically tailored among SM communities.

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A Nationwide Survey of COVID-19 Testing in LGBTQ+ Populations in the United States

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211018190 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492110181

Author(s):

Richard J. Martino ◽

Kristen D. Krause ◽

Marybec Griffin ◽

Caleb LoSchiavo ◽

Camilla Comer-Carruthers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Gay Men ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Full Time ◽

Test Results ◽

Antibody Testing ◽

And Gender

Objectives Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) people and populations face myriad health disparities that are likely to be evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of our study were to describe patterns of COVID-19 testing among LGBTQ+ people and to differentiate rates of COVID-19 testing and test results by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Participants residing in the United States and US territories (N = 1090) aged ≥18 completed an internet-based survey from May through July 2020 that assessed COVID-19 testing and test results and sociodemographic characteristics, including sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). We analyzed data on receipt and results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms of COVID-19 in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Results Of the 1090 participants, 182 (16.7%) received a PCR test; of these, 16 (8.8%) had a positive test result. Of the 124 (11.4%) who received an antibody test, 45 (36.3%) had antibodies. Rates of PCR testing were higher among participants who were non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born (16.3%) and employed full-time or part-time (18.5%) versus unemployed (10.8%). Antibody testing rates were higher among gay cisgender men (17.2%) versus other SOGI groups, non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born participants, employed (12.6%) versus unemployed participants, and participants residing in the Northeast (20.0%) versus other regions. Among SOGI groups with sufficient cell sizes (n > 10), positive PCR results were highest among cisgender gay men (16.1%). Conclusions The differential patterns of testing and positivity, particularly among gay men in our sample, confirm the need to create COVID-19 public health messaging and programming that attend to the LGBTQ+ population.

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Exposure to PM2.5 and Obesity Prevalence in the Greater Mexico City Area

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2301

Author(s):

Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz ◽

Martha María Téllez-Rojo ◽

Stephen J. Rothenberg ◽

Ivan Gutiérrez-Avila ◽

Allan Carpenter Just ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mexico City ◽

Latin American ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

City Area ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Pm2.5 Exposure ◽

Greater Mexico ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression

Exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with the prevalence of obesity. In the Greater Mexico City Area (GMCA), both are ranked among the highest in the world. Our aim was to analyze this association in children, adolescents, and adults in the GMCA. We used data from the 2006 and 2012 Mexican National Surveys of Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT). Participants’ past-year exposure to ambient PM2.5 was assessed using land use terms and satellite-derived aerosol optical depth estimates; weight and height were measured. We used survey-adjusted logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of obesity (vs. normal-overweight) for every 10 µg/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 exposure for children, adolescents, and adults. Using a meta-analysis approach, we estimated the overall odds of obesity. We analyzed data representing 19.3 million and 20.9 million GMCA individuals from ENSANUT 2006 and 2012, respectively. The overall pooled estimate between PM2.5 exposure and obesity was OR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.21, 3.18). For adolescents, a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an OR of 3.53 (95% CI: 1.45, 8.58) and 3.79 (95% CI: 1.40, 10.24) in 2006 and 2012, respectively. More studies such as this are recommended in Latin American cities with similar air pollution and obesity conditions.

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Prevalence of exhaustion symptoms and associations with school level, length of work experience and gender: a nationwide cross-sectional study of Swedish principals

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10317-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roger Persson ◽

Ulf Leo ◽

Inger Arvidsson ◽

Carita Håkansson ◽

Kerstin Nilsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Education ◽

Work Experience ◽

School Level ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Upper Secondary ◽

And Gender ◽

Compulsory Schools ◽

Upper Secondary Schools ◽

Exhaustion Disorder

Abstract Background While poor mental health and psychiatric disorders attributed to stressful work conditions are a public health concern in many countries, the health consequences of the occupational stress experienced by school principals is an understudied issue. Although current data is lacking, some research suggests that principals have a stressful work situation that eventually may lead to burnout and exhaustion disorder, thus negatively affecting the ability of principals to function as leaders. To gauge the situation in Sweden, and as a basis for future preventive actions, we examined to what extent principals displayed signs of exhaustion and whether the prevalence rates of exhaustion differed across school levels, length of work experience as a principal, and gender. Methods Principals (N = 2219; mean age 49 years [SD 7 years]; 78% women) working at least 50% in pre-schools, compulsory schools, upper secondary schools or adult education completed a cross-sectional web survey entailing two validated inventories: The Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale (KEDS) and the Lund University Checklist for Incipient Exhaustion (LUCIE). Data was analysed using traditional non-parametric methods. Gender stratification achieved covariate balance when analysing school level and length of work experience. Results Altogether, 29.0% of the principals met the exhaustion criteria in KEDS. The prevalence rates for the four LUCIE-steps of increasing signs of exhaustion were: no signs of stress, 48.8%; weak signs of stress, 25.6%; clear signs of stress but no exhaustion, 15.4%; possible exhaustion disorder, 10.2%. Compared with male principals, female principals reported more signs of possible exhaustion disorder in both LUCIE and KEDS. School level was not associated with reports of exhaustion symptoms in neither LUCIE nor KEDS. Among male principals, length of work experience was associated with exhaustion symptoms in KEDS. Conclusions A large group of Swedish principals working in pre-schools, compulsory schools, upper secondary schools or adult education displayed a symptomatology of signs of exhaustion that if sustained might lead to poor health. This observation suggests that education authorities, or other relevant stakeholders, ought to take some form of preventive action. However, effective combinations of individual, group, organisational, and/or societal preventive activities remain to be identified and tested.

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