scholarly journals 176Associated factor for abnormal cervical citology in women with HIV at a hospital in Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omayra Chincha ◽  
Magister Frine Samalvides
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Women living with HIV (WLWH) are at higher risk of abnormal cervical lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with abnormal cytology in WLWH Methods A case-control study was performed, all WLWH >18 years were enrolled at Cayetano Heredia Hospital during 2012-2015. A case and control were defined as a WLWH with abnormal pap smear and with normal pap smear, respectively. Factors associated with the increased risk of abnormal pap smear in WLWH were assessed using logistic regression modeling Results We assessed 141 cases and 227 controls. Alcohol consumption was diagnosed in 30.5% (43/141) of the case group and 18.1% (41/227) of the control group. In the case group, 75.2% (106/141) were on antiretroviral treatment (ART) while 85.1% (193/227) in the control group were in ART. Additionally, 37% of cases (40/106) and the 23.1 % of controls (40/173) had virologic failure. The multivariate model showed that alcohol consumption (OR 1.77, IC95% 1.06-2.95), be in virologic failure (OR 2.41, IC95% 1.55-3.74) and were on ART (OR 0.07, IC95% 0.02-0.23) were associated with abnormal cytology Conclusions Alcohol consumption and virologic failure are significant risk factors associated with abnormal cytology. ART was found to be a protective factor. Screening for these factors in WLWH, should be considered for promoting the prevention with pap smear. Key message We have to have consider periodic screening with pap smear for cervical cancer in this population as mandatory

scholarly journals Risk factors for pre-eclampsia among women at antenatal booking in Kano, Northern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Yakasai ◽  
Imran O. Morhason-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is an important cause of maternal mortality. There have been several studies on risk factors assessment with conflicting reports across the globe on this disease; however, rigorous recent evaluation of these factors is uncommon in this region. The aim of the present study was to determine the risks factors in the early-onset PE in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano (Northern Nigeria). We conducted a case-control study in Nigeria between April 2009 and January 2010 to identify the risk factors associated with the early-onset PE in women attending antenatal clinic in AKTH. Information on socio-cultural characteristics, medical history, previous obstetrics history, level of stress at home, and type of family were obtained and recorded in a proforma designed for the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for PE at 95% confidence level. Pregnant women with early-onset PE (150 in each case and control group). Risk factors associated with increased risk of early-onset PE were: history of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) in a previous pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.09]; exposure to passive smoking (AOR 1.34); inadequate antenatal supervision (AOR 15.21); family history of hypertension in one or more 1st-degree relative (AOR 8.92); living in a joint family (AOR 6.93); overweight (120% to 150% of pre-pregnancy ideal body weight, AOR 4.65). Risk factors among women in Northern Nigeria are similar to those reported from other studies. Good antenatal cares, early detection, reduction of stressful conditions at home are the most important preventive measures of early-onset severe PE among these women.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KEPADATAN LALAT DAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PINANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Listautin Listautin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of health problem in the world including Indonesia. The Morbidity survey undertaken by Sub-Directorate of diarrhea, Health Department from 2007 to 2010is improved. According to the data gained from Puskesmas in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017, it is found out that 5 different districs in Tanjung Pinang are the district which has the highest rate of diarrhea sufferers. The aim of this study is to find out the risk factors of the flies density and the dwelling sanitation to the occurance of diarrhea in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017. This study is quantitative study by using case control design. The sample of this study is 68 people who consists of 34 samples of case group and 34 samples of control group. This study is analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis by using chi-square test. The instruments of this study are the reviewed document, ceklist, and the measurement through fly grill. The result of analysis are found out that toilet is the main risk factor for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,519. Sewerage (SPAL) is one the risk factor of the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,361. The waste is the other risk factors for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 4,418. The flies density is the protective factor for the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 0,773.Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that it is necesarry to do the coorporation across program to optimize the noticing of information to public concerning on the importance of good dwelling sanitation and the low flies density in order to avoid from the occurance of diarrhea.Keyword : Diarrhea, Dwelling Sanitation, Flies Density

scholarly journals Vitamin B 12: the hidden ingredient of stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Mehul Prajapati ◽  
Labani M. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin B12 and acute cerebral stroke in this study.Methods: Blood samples drawn within 24 hours after the stroke from hospitalized patients (n=100) and from 100 control cases matched for age, sex and other modifiable risk factors of stroke were analyzed. With a competitive, ECLIA, serum levels of vitamin B12 were measured. The quantitative data of the groups was compared using Analysis of Varience and Tukeys HSD post hoc test for comparison. Chi-square tests were used.Results: Median serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects, 188.71 and 256.25 pg/ml respectively (p=0.0001). This difference was independent from other risk factors. The mean age in case group was 62.49 (SD: 12.45 years) and 56.62 (SD: 13.05 years) in control group with p=0.001. Therefore, prevalence of stroke is more between 6th and 7th decade of life. Mean serum vitamin B12 levels were lower in males (201.8pg/ml) than the females (268.pg/ml) in the case group.Conclusions: Low vitamin B12 is associated with an increased risk of stroke, and its relationship is independent from the other known modifiable stroke risk factors.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs among patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Silva de Lima ◽  
Heloísa Ramos Lacerda de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Hepatotoxicity due to antituberculosis drugs limits treatment in patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis. We conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for hepatotoxicity among patients coinfected with tuberculosis and HIV in two hospitals in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The sample consisted of 57 patients (36.5% of the total) who developed hepatotoxicity and a control group of 99 patients (63.5% of the total), who did not present this effect. Hepatotoxicity consisted of jaundice or a high concentration of AST/ALT or total bilirubinemia. Multivariate logistic regression showed that a T CD4+ count of < 200cells/mm³ increased the risk of hepatotoxicity by a factor of 1.233 (p < 0.001) and that coinfection with hepatitis B or C virus increased this risk by a factor of 18.187 (p = 0.029). Discharge occurred among 66.1% of the case group (p = 0.026). The absence of hepatotoxicity was a protective factor against death (OR = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.20-0.91). Coinfection with the B and C hepatitis virus and a T CD4+ cell count below 200cells/mm³ were independent risk factors for hepatotoxicity in these patients

scholarly journals Drug risk Factors Associated with a Sustained Outbreak ofClostridium difficileDiarrhea in a Teaching Hospital

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K Nath ◽  
Suzette Salama ◽  
Devia Persaud ◽  
James H Thornley ◽  
Ian Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Drug Risk ◽  
Restricted Use ◽  
Oncology Unit

A case-control study was undertaken to identify and quantify antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial drug risk factors associated with a sustained outbreak ofClostridium difficilediarrhea on two medical (teaching and nonteaching) units and an oncology unit. In total, 80 cases associated with an endemic clone of toxigenicC difficilewere compared with controls. Eighty controls were selected from a group of 290 controls randomly chosen from the outbreak period. The controls were matched to cases according to age, admitting diagnosis and unit of admission. Seventy (88%) patients in the case group received at least one antibiotic before diarrhea, compared with 37 (46%) patients in the control group. Major risk factors implicated in the development ofC difficilediarrhea in hospitalized patients were the following antimicrobial agents: ceftazidime (adjusted odds ratio [aor]=26.01, 95%ci5.67 to 119.19, P=0.0001); cefuroxime (aor=5.17,ci1.86 to 14.36, P=0.005); ciprofloxacin(aor=3.81,ci1.05 to 13.79, P=0.04); and clindamycin(aor=15.16,ci2.93 to 78.44, P=0.004). This is the first time that the use of ciprofloxacin has been linked to the development ofC difficilediarrhea. Use of gastrointestinal drugs (ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine, omeprazole and sucralfate) was also an added risk(aor=3.20,ci1.39 to 7.34, P=0.01); however, antineoplastic therapy was not significant (P<0.53). Recognition of the specific high risk drugs may spur more restricted use of these agents, which may help in controllingC difficilediarrhea in hospitalized patients.

scholarly journals The effect of SOX4 gene 3′UTR polymorphisms on osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Li ◽  
Zuchao Gu ◽  
Yue He ◽  
Chongwen Wang ◽  
JiQiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gene 4 ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk ◽  
T Haplotype

Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore the correlation between the SRY-related high-mobility-group box gene 4 (SOX4) 3′ untranslated region (UTR) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and osteoporosis susceptibility. Methods The study recruited 330 osteoporosis patients (the case group) and 330 non-osteoporosis patients (the control group) in Sichuan Chengdu First People’s Hospital and Zibo Central Hospital from August 2016 to August 2019. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze the genotypes of SOX4 gene rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 loci. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the interaction between the SOX4 gene rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 loci and the clinical characteristics of the subjects. Results The risk of osteoporosis in the carriers of A allele at SOX4 rs79958549 was 5.40 times that in the carriers of the G allele (95% CI 3.25–8.96, P < 0.01). The risk of osteoporosis in the carriers of the A allele at SOX4 rs139085828 was 1.68 times that in the carriers of the G allele (95% CI 1.45–1.85, P < 0.01). The risk of osteoporosis in the carriers of the T allele at SOX4 rs201335371 was 0.54 times that in the carriers of the C allele (95% CI 0.43–0.69, P < 0.01). The SOX4 gene rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 A-A-C haplotype (OR = 5.14, 95% CI 2.45–10.57, P < 0.01) were associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and G-G-T haplotype was significantly associated with decreased risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.38–0.62, P < 0.01). The interaction among the factors of sex, smoking, drinking, rs79958549, rs201335371 was the best model for osteoporosis prediction, and the risk for osteoporosis in ‘high-risk combination’ was 2.74 times that of ‘low-risk combination’ (95% CI 1.01–7.43, P = 0.04). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for osteoporosis were BMD (OR = 5.85, 95% CI 2.88–8.94, P < 0.01), T score (OR = 8.54, 95% CI 5.66–10.49, P < 0.01), Z score (OR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.15–8.50, P < 0.01), rs79958549 SNP (OR = 6.92, 95% CI 3.58–8.93, P < 0.01), and rs139085828 SNP (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.85–4.27, P < 0.01). The protective factor for osteoporosis was rs201335371SNP (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.32–0.75, P < 0.01). Conclusion The SOX4 gene SNPs rs79958549, rs139085828, and rs201335371 loci were significantly associated with osteoporosis risk.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cefotaxime resistance in children with pneumonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Made Sucipta ◽  
Ida Bagus Subanada ◽  
Samik Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Control Study

Background Pneumonia is a health problem in developingcountries, often caused by bacterial agents. The 'Widespreaduse of cefotaxime, a third􀁒generation of cephalosporin, may leadto increased incidence of resistance to this antibiotic. Severalstudies have reported on risk factors associated v.ith resistanceto cefotaxime.Objective To identify risk factors for cefotaxime resistance inchildren 'With pneumonia.Methods We performed a case􀁒control study at Sanglah Hospitalbetween January 2006􀁒December 2010. The case group includedchildren with blood culture􀁒positive pneumonia and resistanceto cefotaxime by sensitivity test. The control group was selectedfrom the same population as the case group, but the bacteriaisolated from these subjects were sensitive to cefotaxime. Wetested the folloMng risk factors for resistance to cefotaxime:age :53 years, microorganism species, history of antimicrobialuse, and history of hospitalization within the prior 3 months.Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were performedto determine any associations between the four potential riskfactors and resistance to cefotaxime. A P<0.05 was consideredto be statistically significant.Results Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors forresistance to cefotaxime were history of antimicrobial use in theprior 3 months (OR 2.79; 95%CI 1.40 to 5.55; P􀁓O.OOI) andhistory of hospitalization Mthin the prior 3 months (OR 5.57;95%CI 1.95 to 15.87; P=<O.OOOl). By multivariate analysis,risk factors associated Mth resistance to cefotaxime were historyof antimicrobial use in the prior 3 months (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.18to 4.86; P=0.015), history of hospitalization within the prior 3months (OR 4.7; 95%CI 1.62 to 13.85; P􀁓0.004), and historyof breast feeding for less than 2 months (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.0 to5.4; P􀁓0.042).Conclusion History of antimicrobial use and history ofhospitalization within the prior 3 monthsweresignificantrisk factors for resistance to cefotaxime in children Mth pneumonia.[Paediatr Indanes. 2012;52:255-9].

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of biliary atresia: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049354
Author(s):  
Jingying Jiang ◽  
Rou Wan ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesBiliary atresia (BA) is regarded as a serious neonatal hepatobiliary disease, and its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Epidemiological studies are limited, especially for the data from China. This study aims to explore risk factors of BA and provide new evidence to improve understanding of its aetiology.DesignThis is a case–control study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.SettingCases were consecutively recruited from an urban tertiary care academic children’s hospital in Shanghai, China, while the controls were recruited from a community hospital in Shanghai through a random sampling system.Participants721 patients suspected for BA who planned to take the diagnostic surgery were enrolled preoperatively. 613 were diagnosed with BA and recruited into the case group. Meanwhile, 688 infants without any observed major congenital anomalies or jaundice were enrolled. Finally, 594 valid questionnaires from the case group and 681 from the control group were obtained.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStandardised questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations reported as ORs and precision, by adjusting covariates.ResultsAnxiety or stress during pregnancy was strongly associated with increased risk of BA (OR 8.36 (95% CI: 4.08 to 17.15); p<0.001), respectively. Lower birth weight, fathers from ethnic minorities of China, older age of fathers, lower income of parents, and exposure to infection, diseases and medication during pregnancy all made differences.ConclusionsSocial factors including the educational and economic background and its related anxiety and stress during pregnancy might be noticed in the occurrence of BA. Maternal infections during pregnancy in the prevalence of BA were demonstrated.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-15005885.

scholarly journals Preoperative incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis in patients with an isolated patella fracture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Yang ◽  
Qun Wei ◽  
Haicheng Wang ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Kai Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Patellar Fracture ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, and related factors of preoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with isolated patellar fractures. Methods Patients with an isolated patellar fracture, admitted between January 2013 and December 2019 at our institution, were retrospectively analyzed. Upon admission, patients underwent routine Doppler ultrasound scanning (DUS) of the bilateral lower extremities to detect DVT; those with DVT were assigned to the case group and those without DVT to the control group. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory test results upon admission were extracted. Differences between the two groups were evaluated using univariate analyses, and independent risk factors associated with DVT were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results During the study window, 827 patients were included, of whom 5.8% (48/827) were found to have preoperative DVT. Among those with DVT, 85.4% (41/48), 8.3 % (4/48), and 6.3% (3/48) occurred in the injured, non-injured, and bilateral lower extremities, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age (each increase of 1 year) (odds ratio, OR = 1.02), residential area (OR = 5.00), delay of injury to DUS (in each day, OR = 1.33), and elevated plasma D-dimer level (> 0.5 µg/mL, OR = 2.47) were independent risk factors associated with DVT. Conclusions Despite the low prevalence of DVT after an isolated patellar fracture, this study underscores the importance of identifying those with a high risk of DVT, especially those with multiple identifiable factors, as well as the early targeted use of thromboembolic agents, to reduce DVT occurrence.

scholarly journals Hipertensi dan Faktor Risikonya di Puskesmas Motolohu Kabupaten Pohuwato

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 032
Author(s):  
Zul Adhayani Arda ◽  
Rifa’i Ali ◽  
Marselina Mustapa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization

Based on WHO (World Health Organization) in 2011, hypertension was causing 8billion of the world citizen pass away every year in which almost 1.5 billion of them were in south east of Asia. The purpose of study was to determine the risk factors associated with hypertension in Pohuwato District in 2017. The study was an observational analytic with case control design. The sample of study was 202 respondents which divided into 101 case group and 101 control group in the  w orkarea of Puskesmas Motolohu in Pohuwato District. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) test. The study result showed that occupation (OR=2.71;95% CI; 1.45-5.05), gender (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), smoking behavior (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), hypertension history (OR=6.13; 95% CI; 3.04-12.36), and consumption of coffee (OR=3.20; 95% CI; 1.64-6.25) were significant risk factors for occurance of hypertension. It is recomended to counseled as a means of disseminating information about risk factors and effect of hypertensionto the public.

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