scholarly journals Comparing length of hospital stay during COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, Italy and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Jamshidi ◽  
Shahriar Jamshidi Zargaran ◽  
Hakim Bekrizadeh ◽  
Mansour Rezaei ◽  
Farid Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Macroscopic Modeling ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Kendall Correlation ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Abstract Background COVID-19 is the most informative pandemic in history. These unprecedented recorded data give rise to some novel concepts, discussions and models. Macroscopic modeling of the period of hospitalization is one of these new issues. Methods Modeling of the lag between diagnosis and death is done by using two classes of macroscopic analytical methods: the correlation-based methods based on Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients, and the logarithmic methods of two types. Also, we apply eight weighted average methods to smooth the time series before calculating the distance. We consider five lags with the least distance. All the computations are conducted on Matlab R2015b. Results The length of hospitalization for the fatal cases in the USA, Italy and Germany are 2–10, 1–6 and 5–19 days, respectively. Overall, this length in the USA is 2 days more than that in Italy and 5 days less than that in Germany. Conclusion We take the distance between the diagnosis and death as the length of hospitalization. There is a negative association between the length of hospitalization and the case fatality rate. Therefore, the estimation of the length of hospitalization by using these macroscopic mathematical methods can be introduced as an indicator to scale the success of the countries fighting the ongoing pandemic.

scholarly journals Analysis of machete cut fractures in Nigerian civilian trauma setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Njoku Isaac Omoke ◽  
Omolade Ayoola Lasebikan ◽  
Francis Ndubuisi Ahaotu ◽  
Ugochukwu Uzodimma Nnadozie ◽  
Gregory Chinedu Nwigwe
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Prolonged Length ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
One Year

AbstractMachete cut fracture is an important component of morbidity associated with machete injuries although it is under reported. This was a retrospective study to assess machete cut fractures in patients seen in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki and National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu from 2009 to 2018. There were 91 patients with 154 fractures, male- to- female ratio was 10:1 and mean age was 31.6 ± 14.6 years. The aetiological factors were assault (57, 62.6%), armed robbery (29, 31.9%) and accidental injury (5, 5.5%). The three top bones involved were ulna, metacarpal and finger-phalanx. Fracture was communited in (17, 11.0%), and Gustilo Anderson grade IIIC in (22, 14.3%). Injury to hospital arrival interval later than 6 h was common and correlated with prolonged length of hospital stay (p < 0.001). Anaemia, wound infection and hemorrhagic shock were the three top complications. Nine (5.8%) fractures ended in extremity amputation. Eleven (12.1%) patients left against medical advice, and 5 (5.5%) were transferred. Normal union in 98.3% of the fractures treated and followed up for a minimum of one year. Case fatality rate was 2.2%; none of the patient that died had pre hospital care, and hemorrhagic shock accounted for all the mortality. These call for appropriate injury preventive mechanisms, and improved rates of early presentation of patients to hospital, and pre hospital care.

scholarly journals Effects of early corticosteroid use in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hoon Hyun ◽  
Moo Hyun Kim ◽  
Yujin Sohn ◽  
Yunsuk Cho ◽  
Yae Jee Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Use

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and corticosteroids have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for this disease. However, there is limited literature on the appropriate timing of corticosteroid administration to obtain the best possible patient outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with severe COVID-19 who received corticosteroid treatment from March 2 to June 30, 2020 in seven tertiary hospitals in South Korea. We analyzed the patient demographics, characteristics, and clinical outcomes according to the timing of steroid use. Twenty-two patients with severe COVID-19 were enrolled, and they were all treated with corticosteroids. Results Of the 22 patients who received corticosteroids, 12 patients (55%) were treated within 10 days from diagnosis. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics. The initial PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 168.75. The overall case fatality rate was 25%. The mean time from diagnosis to steroid use was 4.08 days and the treatment duration was 14 days in the early use group, while those in the late use group were 12.80 days and 18.50 days, respectively. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio, C-reactive protein level, and cycle threshold value improved over time in both groups. In the early use group, the time from onset of symptoms to discharge (32.4 days vs. 60.0 days, P = 0.030), time from diagnosis to discharge (27.8 days vs. 57.4 days, P = 0.024), and hospital stay (26.0 days vs. 53.9 days, P = 0.033) were shortened. Conclusions Among patients with severe COVID-19, early use of corticosteroids showed favorable clinical outcomes which were related to a reduction in the length of hospital stay.

scholarly journals Modern treatment of patent ductus arteriosus – single center experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Senka Mesihović Dinarević ◽  
Almira Kadic ◽  
Zijo Begić ◽  
Mirza Halimić ◽  
Emina Vukas
Keyword(s):  
Patent Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Transcatheter Closure ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Occluder Device ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Patent Ductus

 Introduction: Transcatheter closure is a treatment choice for the most children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The closure of the ductus is indicated in any child or adolescent with developed symptoms of significant L-R shunt. The aim of this article is to present our results in 5 years treatment of patients with PDA and their outcome. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, 30 patients underwent a transcatheter closure of PDA at Centre for Heart and Pediatric clinic of Clinical University Centre of Sarajevo. Aortic angiogram was performed to evaluate the size, position, and shape of the duct for selection of appropriate occluder device type and size. All procedures were performed by local team of cardiologists from the Department of Cardiology, Pediatric clinic, with invasive cardiologists team from Sweden and Austria. Echocardiography was repeated at intervals of 24 hours, then 1month, 3 months, and 1 year after the procedure to assess the outcome. Results: Thirty patients underwent transcatheter closure of PDA during the study period. PDA of ≤ 2.0 mm was present in 8 patients and they underwent PDA closure with coils, while 22 patients had PDA diameter  ≥ 2 mm, and they were treated by Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO). Only in 2 (6.2%) patients complications have been observed. The length of hospital stay after the treatment was two to three days. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of PDA is a modern, safe and efficient method that ensures a faster recovery of the patients, shortens the length of hospitalization.

scholarly journals A study on length of stay and its predictors among dengue patients in a tertiary care institute in Lucknow

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4870
Author(s):  
Sandhya Mishra ◽  
Deepak Chopra ◽  
Nidhi Jauhari ◽  
Ausaf Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Arrival

Background: Dengue virus infection is a growing health problem and is prevalent throughout India. Research focusing on length of hospital stay and its predictors is scarce from India. This is important considering the burden of the disease during epidemics and impact on hospital admissions. Hence the study was conducted with the objectives to find out the factors influencing the length of stay in hospital of dengue patients.Methods: A cross sectional retrospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital from August 2016 to October 2016. Data was retrieved from case sheets at Medical Record Department of 350 lab confirmed adult dengue patients admitted in the hospital.Results: The majority of patients admitted were of economically productive age group of 18-45 years and males indicating the occupational exposure to the vector of dengue. The study found that majority had length of stay of less than a week and as age increases the length of stay also increases (statistically significant). The nil case fatality and lesser number of mean days of symptoms before admission possibly indicate that early arrival of patients to hospital can lead to very low fatality rates. Further research required to find out the other predictors of length of stay.Conclusions: The study concludes that the dengue affects the economically productive age group and more males thereby indicating occupational exposure to the vector. The age of the patient can be used as an indicator to the length of stay in the hospital.

DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN COAL SEAM C7н OF PAVLOHRADSKA MINE FIELD

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Valerii Ishkov ◽  
◽  
Yevhen Kozii
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mine Field

Purpose. Investigation of regularities of mercury distribution in coal of formation c7n of the Pavlogradska mine field. Methodology. Method of atomic absorption analysis of furrow samples of wells. Processing of geochemical and structural-geological data by methods of mathematical statistics using Excel 2016 and Statistica 6.0. The computer program Surfer was used to build maps/ Results. In article considered the distribution of mercury in the coal seam c7н of the Pavlohradska mine field of the Pavlohrad-Petropavlivka geological and industrial district of Donbas. As a result of the study, a map of isoconcentrates and a map of the regional component of mercury content in the coal of the seam were constructed and analyzed. Correlation coefficients between mercury concentration and formation morphological parameters and coal sulfur were calculated. The regression equations between this element and the ash content of coal are also established, which will allow predicting their concentration in the main working coal seams of the geological-industrial area relative to the values of coal ash content. The nature of sulfur distribution is established and the weighted average concentrations and the main descriptive statistics of this element are calculated. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities and regularities of mercury accumulation in coal of formation c7n are revealed. Practical significance. The constructed maps and established correlations are the factual basis for long-term forecasting of mercury concentrations in extracted raw materials and adjustment of technological schemes of coal beneficiation. Keywords: mercury, mine, coal height, ash content, stratum depth, sulfur content, regression equation, correlation coefficient.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Trend of Sepsis in Patients with Hospital Admissions Related to Hepatitis C in Spain (2000–2015): A Nationwide Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Alejandro Alvaro-Meca ◽  
Irene Maté-Cano ◽  
Pablo Ryan ◽  
Verónica Briz ◽  
Salvador Resino
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection predisposes patients to other infectious diseases, such as sepsis. We aimed to analyze epidemiological trends of sepsis-related admissions, deaths, and costs in hospital admissions with chronic hepatitis C who had a hospital admission in Spain. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all hospitalizations involving chronic hepatitis C in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) between 2000 and 2015. This period was divided into four calendar periods (2000–2004, 2005–2007, 2008–2011, and 2012–2015). Results: We selected 868,523 hospital admissions of patients with chronic hepatitis C over 16 years in the Spanish MBDS. Among them, we found 70,976 (8.17%) hospital admissions of patients who developed sepsis, of which 13,915 (19.61%) died during admission. We found an upward trend, from 2000–2003 to 2012–2015, in the rate of sepsis-related admission (from 6.18% to 10.64%; p < 0.001), the risk of sepsis-related admission (from 1.31 to 1.55; p < 0.001), and the sepsis-related cost per hospital admission (from 7198€ to above 9497€; p < 0.001). However, we found a downward trend during the same study period in the sepsis case-fatality rate (from 21.99% to 18.16%; p < 0.001), the risk of sepsis-related death (from 0.81 to 0.56; p < 0.001), and the length of hospital stay (LOHS) (from 16.9 to 13.9; p < 0.001). Moreover, the rate of bacterial Gram-positive and candidiasis infections decreased, while Gram-negative microorganisms increased from 2000–2003 to 2012–2015. Conclusions: Sepsis, in chronic hepatitis C patients admitted to the hospital, has increased the period 2000–2015 and has been an increasing burden for the Spanish public health system. However, there has also been a significant reduction in lethality and LOHS during the study period. In addition, the most prevalent specific microorganisms have also changed in this period.

scholarly journals MP23: Giving medical students what they deserve - a rigorous, equitable and defensible CaRMS selection process

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S50
Author(s):  
Q. Paterson ◽  
R. Hartmann ◽  
R. Woods ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
B. Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The University

Innovation Concept: The fairness of the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) selection process has been called into question by rising rates of unmatched medical students and reports of bias and subjectivity. We outline how the University of Saskatchewan Royal College emergency medicine program evaluates CaRMS applications in a standardized, rigorous, equitable and defensible manner. Methods: Our CaRMS applicant evaluation methods were first utilized in the 2017 CaRMS cycle, based on published Best Practices, and have been refined yearly to ensure validity, standardization, defensibility, rigour, and to improve the speed and flow of data processing. To determine the reliability of the total application scores for each rater, single measures intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated using a random effects model in 2017 and 2018. Curriculum, Tool or Material: A secure, online spreadsheet was created that includes applicant names, reviewer assignments, data entry boxes, and formulas. Each file reviewer entered data in a dedicated sheet within the document. Each application was reviewed by two staff physicians and two to four residents. File reviewers used a standardized, criterion-based scoring rubric for each application component. The file score for each reviewer-applicant pair was converted into a z-score based on each reviewer's distribution of scores. Z-scores of all reviewers for a single applicant were then combined by weighted average, with the group of staff and group of residents each being weighted to represent half of the final file score. The ICC for the total raw scores improved from 0.38 (poor) in 2017 to 0.52 (moderate) in 2018. The data from each reviewer was amalgamated into a master sheet where applicants were sorted by final file score and heat-mapped to offer a visual aid regarding differences in ratings. Conclusion: Our innovation uses heat-mapped and formula-populated spreadsheets, scoring rubrics, and z-scores to normalize variation in scoring trends between reviewers. We believe this approach provides a rigorous, defensible, and reproducible process by which Canadian residency programs can appraise applicants and create a rank order list.

Food traceability technologies and foodborne outbreak occurrences

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 3362-3379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Elisa Vianna Magalhães ◽  
Arthur Henrique Gomes Rossi ◽  
Izabel Cristina Zattar ◽  
Marcos Augusto Mendes Marques ◽  
Robson Seleme
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Food Traceability ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between the frequency of publication on food supply chain (FSC) traceability and the occurrence of foodborne diseases outbreaks. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of the literature was carried out to locate the main articles published in the literature, followed by a content analysis in order to list the main food traceability technologies and their evolutions. Finally, a Spearman’s ρ correlation analysis between the frequency of publications on FSC traceability and the annual occurrence of foodborne outbreaks in the five largest food exporting countries in the world was performed. Findings In these analyses, the tools of radiofrequency, deoxyribonucleic acid, wireless sensor network, hazard analysis and critical control points and Internet of Things are the most researched technologies, and they are relevant in the evolution of traceability in the FSC. With correlation coefficients above 0.700 at 0.01 significance levels, this evolution of food traceability technologies has been one of the factors reducing the number of food outbreaks in the USA and Germany, countries with greater development of the health system and food control. Originality/value This paper provides an evaluation of the food traceability technologies and the effects of their evolutions in the occurrence of food outbreaks. This may help in the proposal of public policies related to food and outbreak control.

Acute Pericarditis-Associated Hospitalization in the USA: A Nationwide Analysis, 2003-2012

Cardiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Kumar ◽  
Ambarish Pandey ◽  
Priyank Jain ◽  
Neetika Garg
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Acute Pericarditis ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database ◽  
Population Average ◽  
The Us ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
The Usa

Background and Objectives: Epidemiologic data on hospitalizations for acute pericarditis are scarce. We sought to study the trends in these hospitalizations and outcomes in the USA over a 10-year period. Methods: We used the 2003-2012 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify admissions with a primary diagnosis of acute pericarditis. Outcomes included hospitalization rate, case fatality rate (CFR), length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, complications and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Results: We observed an estimated 135,710 hospitalizations for acute pericarditis among patients ≥16 years during the study period (mean age 53.5 ± 18.5 years; 40.5% women). The incidence of acute pericarditis hospitalizations was significantly higher for men than for women [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-1.58; p < 0.001]; it decreased from 66 to 54 per million person-years (p < 0.001). CFR and LOS declined significantly during the study period (CFR: 2.2% in 2003 to 1.4% in 2012; LOS: 4.8 days in 2003 to 4.1 days in 2012; p < 0.001 for both). The average inflation-adjusted health-care charge increased from USD 31,242 to 38,947 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The hospitalization rate, CFR and LOS associated with acute pericarditis have declined significantly in the US population. Average charges for acute pericarditis hospitalization have increased.

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