scholarly journals Evaluation of faba beans as an ingredient in dog diets: apparent total tract digestibility of extruded diets with graded levels of dehulled faba beans (Vicia faba L.) by dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Corsato Alvarenga ◽  
Dalton Holt ◽  
Charles G Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Faba Beans

Abstract The growing pet food market is continuously in search for novel ingredients. Legumes such as faba beans (FB) are increasing in popularity and are known to benefit human health, but little is known about their use in pet foods. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dehulled FB utilization by dogs. Experimental diets were extruded with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% FB inclusion (FB0, FB10, FB20, and FB30, respectively). Beagle dogs (n = 12) were fed the diets for 9-d adaptation with 5-d total fecal collection in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined by external marker Cr2O3. At the culmination of each period, blood samples were collected from brachial venipuncture for complete blood count and blood chemistry. Palatability was determined with a 2-bowl test (n = 20). Means of blood parameters were separated by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the aid of statistical software (SAS v9.4). Contrasts and least square means of fecal parameters and ATTD were computed. Significance level was considered to be α = 0.05. Dogs ate all food on offer and maintained body weight. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among treatments (FB10, FB20, and FB30) and the control (FB0) relative to food intake, fecal output (“as is” basis), and fecal score, but feces were softer when dogs were fed the treatments (P = 0.031) and there was a linear increase (P = 0.011) in defecation frequency (stools/day) when FB increased in the diets. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibilities were slightly higher when dogs were fed the control diet (P < 0.05) compared with the FB diets. All blood and serum chemistry parameters were similar among treatments and within the reference ranges. Dogs preferred the control diet relative to the 10% and 30% FB diets, but the 20% FB preference was similar to the control. Dogs remained healthy, maintained body weight and no adverse health events were observed during the study. Dehulled FB are a suitable ingredient for dog foods, but concentrations should not exceed 20% to avoid reduction in palatability and stool quality.

scholarly journals Dietary composition and yeast/microalgae combination supplementation modulate the microbial ecosystem in the caecum, colon and faeces of horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-382
Author(s):  
Pauline Grimm ◽  
Sylvie Combes ◽  
Géraldine Pascal ◽  
Laurent Cauquil ◽  
Véronique Julliand
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
High Starch ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStarchy diets can induce hindgut dysbiosis in horses. The present study evaluated the impact of a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and microalgae (Aurantiochytrium limacinum) supplementation on caecal, colonic and faecal microbial ecosystem and on blood inflammatory parameters of horses fed high-fibre or high-starch diets. Six fistulated geldings in a 2 × 2 Latin-square design were alternatively supplemented and received during each period 100 % hay (4 weeks) followed by a 56/44 hay/barley diet (3 weeks). Caecal, colonic and faecal samples were collected 4 h after the morning meal three times per diet, at 5-d intervals, to measure bacterial composition and microbial end products. Blood was simultaneously collected for measuring inflammatory markers. The starchy diet clearly modified the microbial ecosystem in the three digestive segments, with an increase of the amylolytic function and a decrease of the fibrolytic one. However, no effect of the diet was observed on the blood parameters. When horses were supplemented, no significant change was found in lipopolysaccharides, PG-E2, serum amyloid A concentrations and complete blood count neither in cellulose-utilising, starch-utilising and lactate-utilising bacteria concentrations nor in the volatile fatty acids and lactate concentrations and pH. Under supplementation, relative abundance of Family XIII Clostridiales increased in caecum and faeces irrespective of diet and relative abundance of Veillonellaceae was higher during the hay/barley diet in colon and faeces. Most variations of faecal bacterial taxa under supplementation were not observed in the hindgut. However, all variations suggested that supplementation could increase fibrolytic function whatever the diet and limit dysbiosis when the horses’ diet changed from high fibre to high starch.

scholarly journals Spray-dried egg in the diet of dogs: implications for recovery nutritional, palatability and haematology

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Talita Andrade ◽  
Daniele Cristina Lima ◽  
Alina Stadnik Komarcheuski ◽  
Ananda Portella Félix ◽  
Simone Gisele de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Spray Dried

There is a growing demand for alternative protein sources in dog nutrition due to the high cost of the ingredient. Spray-dried egg (SDE) is a potential protein source in this context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility, palatability, and blood profile of diets containing different amounts of spray-dried egg (SDE) and the blood parameters of dogs fed these diets. For the study of digestibility and faecal quality (Experiment 1), eight Beagles were distributed in a double Latin square design (4X4), with four treatments (0, 4, 8, and 12% SDE) and four periods, totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In experiment 2, to evaluate palatability, 20 dogs were presented with two diets: 0% SDE vs 4% SDE. To evaluate the haematological factors (Experiment 3), eight dogs were maintained in a single group and were initially fed a control diet (0%SDE) for 10 days, followed by a diet containing 12% SDE for 10 days. In Experiment 1, a linear increase was found in the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in the metabolisable energy (ME) as the level of SDE was increased in the diet. The CTTAD of DM and CP in SDE and the ME obtained by regression analysis were 93.6%, 91.3%, and 5738.9 kcal kg-1, respectively, demonstrating that SDE is a highly digestible protein source for dogs. There were no changes in the stool characteristics of dogs fed SDE. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that the dogs preferred the diet that included 4% SDE. In the haematological study (Experiment 3), increases in albumin, red blood cells, haemoglobin, and total circulating protein were observed, with no change in the other histological variables. The inclusion of SDE improved the digestibility and palatability of the diet and increased the albumin content, red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total protein level without changing the faecal characteristics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nicotiana glauca Leaf Extract on the Liver and Lung of Female Albino Mice: Physiological and Histopathological Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Salmin Omar ◽  
Abdalla I. Mohamed ◽  
Fatima Omar ◽  
Soad Alwerfali
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Albino Mice

  Tobacco Nicotiana glauca is a member of the Solanaceae family, found in tropical and subtropical countries especially South America, Cuba, and Brazil, as well as in North Africa, Egypt, and Libya. N. glauca is known to be a highly toxic plant. The major alkaloids are anabasine and nicotine. This study was aimed to determine the proper effects of a sublethal dose of the plant on female albino mice, as well as certain histological and physiological parameters. The three sublethal concentrations, 0.25, 0.50, and 2.8 mg/kg of the water extract were tested through oral route on female mice for determination of effects such as body weight, liver and lung weight and histology, blood parameters, and blood chemistry. The results showed that reduced body weight was slightly evident in treated females. Percent decrease of liver weight/body weight and increase lung weight/body weight have reported in 2.8 mg/kg treated female mice compared to control mice. Histology of liver and lung revealed an early sign of cell damage and accumulation of cell necrosis in both the liver and lungs. The blood parameters and blood chemistry did not reveal a significant difference between control and N. glauca treated female mice.

scholarly journals Effect of fish oil and vitamin E on sperm lipid peroxidation in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Lorena Risso ◽  
Francisco J. Pellegrino ◽  
Yanina Corrada ◽  
Mónica Marmunti ◽  
Mariana Gavazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil (FO) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on sperm sensitivity to lipid peroxidation (LP) in dogs. Using an incomplete replicate 3 × 3 Latin square design, five dogs were allocated into three groups. One of the squares was incomplete and had two dogs that were used with three treatments. The dogs were assigned to three different treatments, fed a control diet of balanced commercial food (control group; CG), control diet supplemented with 54 mg FO/kg body weight0·75per d (FO group; FG) and FO plus 400 mg VE per d (FO and VE group; FEG) for 60 d. Semen samples were collected on days 0 and 60 and divided into two halves, peroxidised and control, with or without ascorbate–Fe2+, respectively. LP was measured in both halves by chemiluminescence as counts per min/mg protein. Fatty acid profile was determined by GC. Data were analysed using the mixed procedure (SAS). On day 0, LP increased in all groups in the peroxidised samples (P< 0·05). However, on day 60 LP decreased in peroxidised samples of both the FG and FEG (P< 0·05), but there were no differences between the FG and FEG (P> 0·1). Additionally, on day 60 totaln-3 was higher in the FG and FEG compared with the CG (P< 0·05). Supplementation with FO alone or together with VE decreased LP in peroxidised samples. These results could indicate a protective effect ofn-3 on sperm. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism whereby FO and/or FO plus VE decrease LP in dogs’ sperm.

scholarly journals Digestibility and safety of dry black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal and BSFL oil in dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarra A Freel ◽  
Alejandra McComb ◽  
Elizabeth A Koutsos
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
General Health ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Two trials were conducted to assess the acceptance, safety and digestibility of diets containing various inclusion levels of partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) meal and BSFL oil by dogs. In Trial 1, five extruded diets were evaluated for acceptance in adult Beagle dogs (n=20; 10 male, 10 female) during a 48-hour period. Diets contained graded levels of BSFL meal (5.0, 10.0, and 20.0%), or graded levels of BSFL oil (2.5 and 5.0%), and all diets were well-accepted. Thus, a digestibility trial (Trial 2) was run with 56 adult dogs (16 male, 40 female) allocated into seven dietary treatments; dogs were offered an extruded control diet containing no BSFL meal or oil, or extruded diets where BSFL meal partially replaced poultry by-product meal and corn meal at dietary levels of 5, 10, or 20% inclusion, or diets with BSFL oil partially replacing poultry fat at a 1:1 ratio at levels of 1, 2.5, or 5% inclusion. The treatment diets were fed for 28 days, during which time dogs were monitored for health (via physical examinations, clinical observations, and blood chemistry and hematology) and ingredient evaluation (via body weight, feed consumption, stool observation, and fecal nutrient apparent total tract digestibility). There were no significant differences in body weight or food consumption between treatment groups (P &gt; 0.05) and daily observations indicated that the general health of the animals was maintained throughout the study. Stool quality was maintained at 3.2 to 3.4 (on a five-point scale with a score of one being watery diarrhea and a score of five being hard, dry and crumbly) per treatment group over the fecal observation period (days 22-27), indicating a well-formed, sticky stool. All group mean hematology and blood chemistry parameters remained within normal limits for dogs. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, and calories was not affected by treatment (P &gt; 0.05). In general, amino acid digestibility was not impacted by treatment although some minor changes were observed. Apparent total tract digestibility was high for all nutrients examined. Overall, it was concluded that BSFL meal and BSFL oil are well-tolerated by dogs and their consumption results in no impact to physiology that would be concerning. Based on these data, BSFL meal and oil did not affect general health and could be included safely in dog diets.

scholarly journals 86 Apparent Total Tract Nutrient Digestibility of Human-Grade Dog Foods and Their Effects on Stool Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Hematology of Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Sungho Do ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Fecal Ph

Abstract Human-grade pet foods are believed to be of higher quality than traditional pet foods, but little research has been conducted on them to date. Therefore, our objective was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of human-grade pet foods and evaluate their effects on stool characteristics, serum metabolites, and hematology of dogs. Twelve dogs (mean age = 5.5 ± 1.0; BW = 11.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design. The diets included: 1) Chicken and Brown Rice Recipe (extruded; Blue Buffalo); 2) Roasted Meals Tender Chicken Recipe (fresh; Freshpet); 3) Beef & Russet Potato (human-grade; JustFoodForDogs); and 4) Chicken & White Rice (human-grade; JustFoodForDogs). Each period consisted of 28 d, with a 6-d diet transition phase, 16 d of consuming 100% of the diet, a 5-d phase for total and fresh fecal collection, and 1 d for blood collection. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. Dogs fed the extruded diet had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) daily food intake (dry matter basis; DMB) and fecal output (as-is and DMB) compared with dogs fed fresh or human-grade dog foods. There were no differences in fecal pH or scores across diets, but ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and acid-hydrolyzed fat (AHF) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for dogs fed the human-grade diets than those fed the fresh diet. Likewise, DM, OM, and AHF ATTD were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed the fresh diet than those fed the extruded diet. The majority of serum metabolites and blood cell counts of dogs fed all diets were within the reference ranges for adult dogs, with few treatment differences. In conclusion, the human-grade foods tested were shown to be highly digestible and maintained stool characteristics, serum chemistry, and complete blood count in adult dogs.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding diets containing Fusarium (naturally) contaminated wheat or pure deoxynivalenol (DON) in growing pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Trenholm ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
B. C. Foster ◽  
L. L. Charmley ◽  
K. E. Hartin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Feeding Diets

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding diets containing laboratory synthesized deoxynivalenol (DON), or Fusarium (naturally) contaminated wheat containing DON on performance and health of young pigs (32.8–41.1 kg body weight). Diets containing 3.4–19.1 mg DON kg−1 were fed to pigs ad libitum for 14 d (exps. 1 and 2) or 7 wk (exp. 3) after which time each pig was slaughtered and blood, tissue and organ samples taken for analysis. All pigs responded to DON-contaminated diets with an immediate reduction in feed intake and body weight gain followed by some degree of recovery that was dependent on the dietary DON concentration. Negative linear relationships were found between feed intake or body weight gain and dietary DON concentration with pure DON and naturally contaminated wheat diets. Feed intake and weight gain were, respectively, 18 and 23% lower when a diet containing naturally contaminated wheat was fed compared to a diet containing an equivalent concentration of pure DON. Effects of DON on organ weights, relative to body weight, were inconsistent among experiments. The gastric mucosa was thinner and more eroded and had a higher degree of folding in the esophageal region in most groups fed DON-contaminated diets compared to those fed the control diet. Effects of DON on the fundic and cardiac regions of the stomach were inconsistent among treatments and experiments. There was little or no effect of DON on most of the blood parameters measured. Key words: Pure deoxynivalenol, naturally contaminated wheat, swine, intake, gain, vomitoxin, mycotoxin, fusarium, trichothecene

scholarly journals Effects of including scrapes of residual dehydrated cassava in sheep feeding on intake and nutrient digestibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Fabiana Gomes da Costa ◽  
Lucas Da Silva Roberto ◽  
Ana Paula da Silva ◽  
Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of scrapes residual dehydrated cassava (SRDC) in sheep feed on the intake and total digestibility coefficient (DC) of nutrients. We used four sheep with body weight (BW) of 26.0 kg, distributed in a Latin square design. The sheep were placed in metabolism cages and received two meals a day. The variables studied were subjected to analysis of variance and differences were tested using regression analysis at the 5% significance level. We determined that the inclusion of different concentrations of SRDC in sheep feeding did not modify (p &gt; 0.05) the intake of intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), or total carbohydrates (TC) expressed in g animal-1 day-1, g kg0.75-1 and %BW). On average 2.83%, 2.58%, 0.34%, 0.07%, 1.62%, 0.91%, and 2.24% of the BW were obtained for intake of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and TC, respectively. However, the four experimental diets negatively affected the NFC intake and %BW (p &lt; 0.05). Different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) of SRDC in sheep diets did not influence (p &gt; 0.05) the digestibility coefficient of most of the variables measured (DM, OM CP, EE, NDF, ADF, TCH, NFC, with average values of 67.79%, 67.61%, 53.87%, 81.42%, 55.61%, 39.07%, 70.95%, and 91.48%, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 30% of SRDC in sheep diets would not affect intake or nutrient digestibility

scholarly journals Alpha-Lipoic Acid Is an Effective Nutritive Antioxidant for Healthy Adult Dogs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Reshma M. Anthony ◽  
Jennifer M. MacLeay ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell ◽  
John J. Brejda ◽  
Kathy L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Status

This study was designed to determine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on the glutathione status in healthy adult dogs. Following a 15 month baseline period during which dogs were fed a food containing no alpha-lipoic acid, dogs were randomly allocated into four groups. Groups were then fed a nutritionally complete and balanced food with either 0, 75, 150 or 300 ppm of alpha-lipoic acid added for 6 months. Evaluations included physical examination, body weight, food intake, hematology, serum biochemistry profile and measurements of glutathione in plasma and erythrocyte lysates. Throughout, blood parameters remained within reference ranges, dogs were healthy and body weight did not change significantly. A significant increase of 0.05 ng/mL of total glutathione in red blood cell (RBC) lysate for each 1 mg/kg bodyweight/day increase in a-LA intake was observed. In addition, a significant increase was observed for GSH, GSSG and total glutathione in RBC lysate at Month 6. We conclude that alpha-lipoic acid, as part of a complete and balanced food, was associated with increasing glutathione activity in healthy adult dogs.

Concentrate levels associated with a new genotype of cactus (Opuntia stricta [Haw]. Haw.) cladodes in the diet of lactating dairy cows in a semi-arid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258
Author(s):  
T. A. Paula ◽  
A. S. C. Véras ◽  
S. I. Guido ◽  
J. C. C. Chagas ◽  
M. G. Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractThe use of cactus cladodes in animal feed is well-established in semi-arid areas. The cactus Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck cladodes (Nopalea) have high acceptability amongst dairy cows and are resistant to carmine cochineal insects (Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell), a problem in semi-arid regions, but in regions of prolonged drought, it has lower productivity compared with the cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw cladodes (Opuntia), which is also resistant to the insect. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the intake and content of digestible material of dry matter (DM) and its components, feeding behaviour, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, blood parameters, performance and milk composition of Holstein cows fed a control diet, containing either Nopalea or Opuntia associated with different concentrate levels (225, 275, 325 and 375 g/kg). Ten cows with an initial average milk production of 20 ± 2.1 kg/day were distributed into a double 5 × 5 Latin square design. Diets containing 775 g roughage/kg and 225 g concentrate/kg promoted similar responses to the analysed variables regardless of the cactus cladode used, except for digestibility of neutral detergent fibre. Diets containing higher proportions of concentrate (325 and 375 g/kg) promoted greater DM intake and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield. The diet containing Opuntia at 775:225 g/kg roughage:concentrate proportion is as effective as the control diet for Holstein cows producing 20 kg of milk/day. To promote greater milk production, higher proportions of concentrate should be added to diets using Opuntia.

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