scholarly journals Dried yeast cell walls high in beta-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharides positively affect microbial composition and activity in the canine gastrointestinal tract in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽  
Cindy Duysburgh ◽  
Maike Rakebrandt ◽  
Massimo Marzorati
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharides

Abstract The outer cell wall of yeast is characterized by high levels of β-glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), which have been linked with beneficial effects on intestinal health and immune status in dogs. In this study, a standardized in vitro simulation of the canine gastrointestinal tract (Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; SCIME) was used to evaluate the effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based product, consisting of 27.5% β-glucans and 22.5% MOS, on the activity (as assessed by measurement of fermentative metabolites) and composition (as assessed by 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing) of canine intestinal microbiota. The S. cerevisiae-based product was tested at three different dosages, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/d. A dose-dependent fermentation pattern was observed along the entire length of the colon, as shown by the increased production of the health-related acetate, propionate, and butyrate for the three concentrations tested (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/d). A consistent finding for all three tested concentrations was the increased propionate production (P < 0.05) in the simulated proximal and distal colon. These changes in terms of fermentative metabolites could be linked to specific microbial alterations at the family level, such as the specific stimulation of the propionate-producing families Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae upon in vitro exposure to the S. cerevisiae-based product. Other consistent changes in community composition upon repeated exposure included the decrease in the Enterobacteriaceae and the Fusobacteriaceae families, which both contain several potentially opportunistic pathogens. Altogether, the generated data support a possible health-promoting role of a product high in β-glucans and MOS when supplemented to the dogs’ diet.

Use of Synbiotics for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Roselli ◽  
Alberto Finamore
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
System A ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are currently considered multifactorial pathologies in which various combined environmental factors act on genetic background, giving rise to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the colon caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. Ulcerative colitis has a strong impact on patients' quality of life, as well as high costs for the health-care system. A great interest on the role of intestinal microbiota modulation in ulcerative colitis is emerging. Several studies have shown an improvement of inflammatory markers and symptoms in ulcerative colitis patients through treatments with probiotics and prebiotics separately. Despite the low number of studies on the treatment of ulcerative colitis by specific strains of probiotics plus selected prebiotics, i.e. synbiotics, the results are promising, even if discordant. The mechanism of action in synbiotics supplementation is still unclear and needs more investigation, although there is a large number of data indicating that the synergism between probiotics and prebiotics favours the survival and implantation of probiotics into the gastrointestinal tract with beneficial effects on human health by modulating the inflammatory response and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this minireview is to describe the main in vitro, animal and human studies performed up to now, that have used synbiotics to treat ulcerative colitis, and to highlight limitations and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity?

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cherry ◽  
Supriya Yadav ◽  
Conall R. Strain ◽  
Philip J. Allsopp ◽  
Emeir M. McSorley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Previous Discussion ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health Related

Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to “a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit”, which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.

The Inhibitory Effect of Herbal Medicine -Dai Kenchu To (DKT)- on the Colonic Motility in Rats In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alhakam Tulimat ◽  
Tadashi Ishiguchi ◽  
Susumu Kurosawa ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Dai-Kenchu-To (DKT) is a herbal medicine and is currently used as the treatment of paralytic ileus in Japan. We investigated the mechanism of beneficial effects of DKT in vitro. DKT-extract powder (DKT-EP; 30–300 μg/ml) caused a significant inhibition on carbachol (CCH; 10-6)-induced contraction in a concentration dependent manner of the rat distal colon. DKT-EP (100 μg/ml) consists of 20 μg/ml of Zanthoxylum Fruit, 30 μg/ml of Ginseng Root and 50 μg/ml of Ginger Rhizome. Although each of them had no effect on CCH-induced muscle contraction, the combination of three ingredients caused a significant inhibition on CCH-induced contraction.

BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 1972-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Seiwerth ◽  
Rudolf Rucman ◽  
Branko Turkovic ◽  
Marko Sever ◽  
Robert Klicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Commonly, the angiogenic growth factors signify healing. However, gastrointestinal ulceration is still poorly understood particularly with respect to a general pharmacological/pathophysiological role of various angiogenic growth factors implemented in growth factors wound healing concept. Thereby, we focused on the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a peptide given always alone vs. standard peptidergic angiogenic growth factors (EGF, FGF, VEGF), and numerous carriers. Further, we reviewed how the gastrointestinal tract healing could be generally perceived (i) in terms of angiogenic growth factors, and/or (ii) through the healing of extragastrointestinal tissues healing, such as tendon, ligament, muscle and bone, and vice versa. Respected were the beneficial effects obtained with free peptides or peptides with different carriers; EGF, FGF, VEGF, and BPC 157, their presentation along with injuries, and a healing commonality, providing their implementation in both gastrointestinal ulcer healing and tendon, ligament, muscle and bone healing. Only BPC 157 was consistently effective in all of the models of acute/chronic injury of esophagus, stomach, duodenum and lower gastrointestinal tract, intraperitoneally, per-orally or locally. Unlike bFGF-, EGF-, VEGF-gastrointestinal tract studies demonstrating improved healing, most of the studies on tendon, muscle and bone injuries provide evidence of their (increased) presentation along with the various procedures used to produce beneficial effects, compared to fewer studies in vitro, while in vivo healing has a limited number of studies, commonly limited to local application, diverse healing evidence with diverse carriers and delivery systems. Contrary to this, BPC 157 - using same regimens like in gastrointestinal healing studies - improves tendon, ligament and bone healing, accurately implementing its own angiogenic effect in the healing. Thus, we claim that just BPC 157 represents in practice a pharmacological and pathophysiological role of various peptidergic growth factors.

scholarly journals A Pectin-Rich, Baobab Fruit Pulp Powder Exerts Prebiotic Potential on the Human Gut Microbiome In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1981
Author(s):  
Martin Foltz ◽  
Alicia Christin Zahradnik ◽  
Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽  
Jonas Ghyselinck ◽  
Massimo Marzorati
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
The Impact

Increasing insight into the impact of the gut microbiota on human health has sustained the development of novel prebiotic ingredients. This exploratory study evaluated the prebiotic potential of baobab fruit pulp powder, which consists of pectic polysaccharides with unique composition as compared to other dietary sources, given that it is rich in low methoxylated homogalacturonan (HG). After applying dialysis procedures to remove simple sugars from the product (simulating their absorption along the upper gastrointestinal tract), 48 h fecal batch incubations were performed. Baobab fruit pulp powder boosted colonic acidification across three simulated human adult donors due to the significant stimulation of health-related metabolites acetate (+18.4 mM at 48 h), propionate (+5.5 mM at 48 h), and to a lesser extent butyrate (0.9 mM at 48 h). Further, there was a trend of increased lactate levels (+2.7 mM at 6h) and reduced branched chain fatty acid (bCFA) levels (−0.4 mM at 48 h). While Bacteroidetes levels increased for all donors, donor-dependent increases in Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and Firmicutes were observed, stressing the potential interindividual differences in microbial composition modulation upon Baobab fruit pulp powder treatment. Overall, Baobab fruit pulp powder fermentation displayed features of selective utilization by host microorganisms and, thus, has promising prebiotic potential (also in comparison with the ‘gold standard’ prebiotic inulin). Further research will be required to better characterize this prebiotic potential, accounting for the interindividual differences, while aiming to unravel the potential resulting health benefits.

scholarly journals Characterization and Functional Test of Canine Probiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jun Jang ◽  
Seungwoo Son ◽  
Jung-Ae Kim ◽  
Min Young Jung ◽  
Yeon-jae Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Acid And Bile Tolerance

Probiotics can modulate the composition of gut microbiota and benefit the host animal health in multiple ways. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), mainly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, are well-known microbes with probiotic potential. In the present study, 88 microbial strains were isolated from canine feces and annotated. Among these, the four strains CACC517, 537, 558, and 566 were tested for probiotic characteristics, and their beneficial effects on hosts were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo; these strains exhibited antibiosis, antibiotic activity, acid and bile tolerance, and relative cell adhesion to the HT-29 monolayer cell line. Byproducts of these strains increased the viability and decreased oxidative stress in mouse and dog cell lines (RAW264.7 and DH82, respectively). Subsequently, when the probiotics were applied to the clinical trial, changes in microbial composition and relative abundance of bacterial strains were clearly observed in the experimental animals. Experimental groups before and after the application were obviously separated from PCA analysis of clinical results. Conclusively, these results could provide comprehensive understanding of the effects of probiotic strains (CACC517, 537, 558, and 566) and their industrial applications.

scholarly journals Intestinal Exposure to Food-Derived Protease Inhibitors: Digestion Physiology- and Gut Health-Related Effects

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Anna Kårlund ◽  
Isa Paukkonen ◽  
Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Marjukka Kolehmainen
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Health Related

Plant-derived protease inhibitors (PI), such as Bowman-Birk inhibitors and Kunitz-type inhibitors, have been suggested to negatively affect dietary protein digestion by blocking the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the human gastrointestinal system. In addition, some PIs may possess proinflammatory activities. However, there is also scientific evidence on some beneficial effects of PIs, for example, gut-related anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities in vitro and in vivo. Some PIs are sensitive to processing and digestion; thus, their survival is an important aspect when considering their positive and negative bioactivities. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relevance of PIs in protein digestion in humans and to discuss the potential of PIs from whole foods and as purified compounds in decreasing symptoms of bowel-related conditions. Based on the reviewed literature, we concluded that while the complex interactions affecting plant protein digestibility and bioavailability remain unclear, PI supplements could be considered for targeted purposes to mitigate inflammation and gastric pain.

“New perspectives in the pharmacological potential of naringin in medicine”

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Angélica Rivoira ◽  
Valeria Rodriguez ◽  
Germán Talamoni ◽  
Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Background: Naringin (NAR) is a flavonoid enriched in several medicinal plants and fruits. An increasing interest in this molecule has been emerging because it has the potential to contribute to alleviating many health problems. Objective:: This review briefly describes the NAR pharmacokinetics and it mainly focus on in vitro and in vivo animal studies showing NAR beneficial effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and pulmonary disorders and cancer. The anabolic effects of NAR on different models of bone and dental diseases are also analyzed. In addition, the evidence of the NAR action on the gastrointestinal tract is reported as well as its influence on the microbiota composition and activity. Finally, current research on NAR formulations and clinical applications are discussed. Methods: The PubMed database was searched until 2019, using the keywords NAR, naringenin, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, neurological and pulmonary disorders, cancer, bone and dental diseases, gastrointestinal tract, microbiota, NAR formulations, clinical trials. Results: The number of studies related to the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of NAR is limited. Positive effects of NAR have been reported on cardiovascular diseases, type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, pulmonary disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and gastrointestinal pathologies. Current NAR formulations seem to improve its bioavailability, which would allow its clinical application. Conclusion: NAR is endowed with broad biological effects that could improve human health. Since a scarce number of clinical studies have been performed, the use of them requires more investigation in order to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation of Selected Prebiotics and Their Effects on the Composition and Activity of the Adult Gut Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Fehlbaum ◽  
Kevin Prudence ◽  
Jasper Kieboom ◽  
Margreet Heerikhuisen ◽  
Tim van den Broek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Recently, the concept of prebiotics has been revisited to expand beyond non-digestible oligosaccharides, and the requirements for selective stimulation were extended to include microbial groups other than, and additional to, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Here, the gut microbiota-modulating effects of well-known and novel prebiotics were studied. An in vitro fermentation screening platform (i-screen) was inoculated with adult fecal microbiota, exposed to different dietary fibers that had a range of concentrations (inulin, alpha-linked galacto-oligosaccharides (alpha-GOS), beta-linked GOS, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from corn cobs and high-fiber sugar cane, and beta-glucan from oats), and compared to a positive fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) control and a negative control (no fiber addition). All dietary fibers displayed prebiotic activity, with beta-glucan showing more distinct effects on the microbial composition and metabolism compared to the other fibers. Beta-glucan induced the growth of Prevotella and Roseburia with a concomitant increase in propionate production. Inulin and both forms of GOS and XOS had a strong bifidogenic effect on the microbial composition. A dose-response effect was observed for butyrate when exposed to beta-glucan and inulin. The findings of this study support the potential for alpha-GOS, XOS, and oat beta-glucan to serve as novel prebiotics, due to their association with the positive shifts in microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid production that point to potential health benefits.

Growth advantage of Streptococcus thermophilus over Lactobacillus bulgaricus in vitro and in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ben-Yahia ◽  
C. Mayeur ◽  
F. Rul ◽  
M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Selective Growth Advantage

The yoghurt bacteria, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, are alleged to have beneficial effects on human health. The objective of this study was to characterise growth, biochemical activity and competitive behaviour of these two bacteria in vitro and in vivo. S. thermophilus LMD-9 and L. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 growth and lactate production were monitored in different media and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of germ-free rats. In vitro, particularly in milk, S. thermophilus had a selective growth advantage over L. bulgaricus. The GIT of germ-free rats not supplemented with lactose was colonised by S. thermophilus but not by L. bulgaricus. Both bacteria were able to colonise the GIT of germ-free rats supplemented with 45 g/l lactose in their drinking water. However, if germ-free rats were inoculated with a mixture of the two bacteria and were supplemented with lactose, S. thermophilus rapidly and extensively colonised the GIT (1010 cfu/g faeces) at the expense of L. bulgaricus, which remained in most cases at levels <102 cfu/g faeces. S. thermophilus specifically produced L-lactate, while L. bulgaricus produced only D-lactate, both in vitro and in vivo. S. thermophilus showed competitive and growth advantage over L. bulgaricus in vitro as well as in vivo in the GIT of germ-free rats and, accordingly, L-lactate was the main lactate isomer produced.

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