90 Comparing Methods of Raising Twin Beef Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Eduarda M Mazzardo Bortoluzzi ◽  
Kolton Aubuchon ◽  
Nicole D Robben ◽  
Mikayla Goering ◽  
Claiborn Bronkhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract Twinning has shown promise as a means of increasing reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of 1) twin calves raised by their dam (twin born-twin raised; TT); 2) twin calves where one calf was grafted to another cow that lost her calf and one calf was left with their dam (twin born-single raised; TS); and 3) single born calves that were raised by their dams (single born-single raised; S). To achieve twinning, sixty-three Angus-cross cows were estrus synchronized and artificially inseminated. Seven days later, an embryo was placed into the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum. Fourteen twin pairs and 11 singleton calves were produced from the described technique. Three natural twin pairs were added to the study. Birth order was recorded for twin calves (1=first calf; 2=second calf). Birth weights (BW) and blood samples for measuring serum total protein, IgG1, and IgM were collected 24 h post-calving. Calves were weighed at approximately six months of age, and a 200-d adjusted weight was calculated using the following equation: [(ADG x 200 d) + BW=A200dW]. Calf behavior data collected included interval to standing and first nursing, duration of dam nursing, and duration of non-dam nursing. Single calves had greater (P < 0.001) BW compared to TT and TS. Adjusted 200-d weights were greater (P < 0.05) for S compared to TS. There was a positive correlation between BW and A200dW (r=.32; P < 0.05). Behavior data did not differ among raising methods. Twin-single calves had lower (P < 0.05) serum IgG1 concentrations compared to S calves. Twin-Twin calves had a combined A200dW of 185 kg more than single born-single raised calves.

scholarly journals Concentration and heritability of immunoglobulin G and natural antibody immunoglobulin M in dairy and beef colostrum along with serum total protein in their calves

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess E Altvater-Hughes ◽  
Douglas C Hodgins ◽  
Lauraine Wagter-Lesperance ◽  
Shannon C Beard ◽  
Shannon L Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Natural Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Beef Calves

Abstract Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and natural antibody (NAb) IgM are passively transferred to the neonatal calf through bovine colostrum. Maternal IgG provides pathogen- or vaccine-specific protection and comprises about 85 percent of colostral Ig. Natural antibody IgM is less abundant but provides broad and non-specific reactivity, potentially contributing to protection against the dissemination of pathogens in the blood (septicemia) in a calf’s first days of life. In the dairy and beef industries, failure of passive transfer (FPT) of colostral Ig (serum total protein (STP) <5.2 g/dL) is still a common concern. The objectives of this study were to, i) compare colostral IgG concentrations and NAb-IgM titers between dairy and beef cows; ii) assess the effect of beef breed on colostral IgG; iii) compare passive transfer of colostral Ig in dairy and beef calves; and iv) estimate the heritability of colostral IgG and NAb-IgM. Colostrum was collected from Holstein dairy (n=282) and crossbred beef (n=168) cows at the University of Guelph dairy and beef research centres. Colostral IgG was quantified by radial immunodiffusion and NAb-IgM was quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In dairy (n=308) and beef (n=169) calves, STP was estimated by digital refractometry. Beef cows had significantly greater colostral IgG (146.5 ± 9.5 SEM g/L) than dairy cows (92.4 ± 5.2 g/L, p <0.01). Beef cows with a higher proportion of Angus ancestry had significantly lower colostral IgG (125.5 ± 5.8 g/L) than cows grouped as “Other” (142.5 ± 4.9 g/L, p= 0.02). Using the FPT cut-off, 13% of dairy and 16% of beef calves had FPT; still, beef calves had a significantly larger proportion with excellent passive transfer (STP ≥6.2 g/dL, p <0.01). The heritability of colostral IgG was 0.04 (± 0.14) in dairy and 0.14 (± 0.32) in beef. Colostral NAb-IgM titers in dairy (12.12 ± 0.22, log2 (reciprocal of titer)) and beef cows (12.03 ± 0.19) did not differ significantly (p=0.71). The range of NAb-IgM titers was 9.18 to 14.60, equivalent to a 42-fold range in antibody concentration. The heritability of colostral NAb was 0.24 (± 0.16) in dairy and 0.11 (± 0.19) in beef cows. This study is the first to compare colostral NAb-IgM between dairy and beef cows. Based on the range in NAb-IgM titers and the heritability, selective breeding may improve colostrum quality and protection for neonatal calves in the early days of life.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Progesterone Alter the Odds of Retention of Transferred Bovine Embryos

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cuadra EJ
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Decisive Effect ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Body Weights

Two studies were conducted to examine the role of progesterone on the odds of survival of embryos transferred into lactating and non - lactating recipient cows. In each study, recipients were synchronized for estrus following the Select Synch + CIDR ® protocol. O n d 7, after exhibiting estrus, embryos were inserted in all cows bearing a viable corpus luteum; embryos were placed in the uterine horn of the ovulating side. Randomly, animals were divided into two groups. Contrary with the control group, cows in the CI DR - group had a CIDR inserted on that same day the embryo was inserted and removed 14 days later. Blood samples for analysis of progesterone were taken at insertion (d 7) and continued at 7 - day intervals for three more weeks. All animals were weighed and bo dy condition scored at the beginning of the studies. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed around d 90. No significant differences were observed in body weights between treatments. Progesterone between treatments within days and between days within treatments are reported. Progesterone between pregnant and non - pregnant cattle was also reported between treatments and within treatments. Progesterone seems to increase the odds of retention of transferred bovine embryos during early gestation. Results also seem to point out that patterns of progesterone secretion during the first two weeks after the transfer have a decisive effect on the survival of bovine embryos. Nevertheless, authors of this document suggest that more research is needed to closely examine these f indings.

scholarly journals PSI-14 Relationships of neonatal beef calf vigor with metabolic status

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 249-249
Author(s):  
Lindsey G Wichman ◽  
Claiborn M Bronkhorst ◽  
Ronna J Wook ◽  
Emma L Stephenson ◽  
Allison M Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation ◽  
Passive Immune Transfer ◽  
Immune Transfer

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships of neonatal beef calf behavior with calf serum metabolites. Angus, Hereford and crossbred beef females (n = 36; age = 4.0 ± 1.74; BCS = 6.5 ± 1.04; primiparous =5, multiparous = 31; calving date = April 4, 2018) and their calves were monitored continuously from 0 to 4 h post-parturition using a digital video recording system from March to May 2018. Jugular blood samples were obtained from calves at 24 (24.4 ± 1.73) and 48 to 72 (54.7 ± 9.08) h postnatal to determine serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and total protein (TP). Video was analyzed for behavior latencies calculated from time of birth to time when calf shakes head, kneels, attempts to stand, stands, and suckles. Time to stand had a weak positive correlation (P = 0.03) with time to suckle. Time to shake head had a moderate positive correlation (P ≤ 0.04) with both time to attempt to stand and time to stand, but did not correlate (P = 0.99) with time to suckle. Dam parity (multiparous or primiparous) did not affect (P ≥ 0.20) calf vigor measures. Time to suckle had a moderate negative correlation (P ≤ 0.05) with both serum glucose and total protein at 24 and 72 h, however did not correlate (P ≥ 0.31) with BUN or NEFA serum concentrations. In conclusion, the initial calf vigor measures were poor predictors of time to suckle; however, time to stand may be a viable vigor measure used to predict calf suckling. Further analysis of immunoglobulin G concentrations in calf serum will be used to determine if these vigor measures have a relationship with passive immune transfer in beef calves.

Effect of purity and dose of inhibin gene vaccine on corpus luteum development of beef cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Wei-xin JIANG ◽  
You-sheng LIU ◽  
Li-qun XUE ◽  
Xiao-jun CHEN ◽  
Li-guo YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Gene Vaccine

scholarly journals Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Debora Muratori Holanda ◽  
Young Ihn Kim ◽  
Wanpuech Parnsen ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mycotoxin Adsorbent

Phytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), DP (MTD + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and DPA1 and DPA2 (MTD + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, 96 pigs (28.5 kg BW) were assigned to four treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 26 days. Treatments were CON, MTAF (CON + 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 8 mg/kg of fumonisins), AFP (MTAF + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and AFPA (MTAF + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1%). Growth performance was measured weekly, and blood was sampled at the end of study to measure hepatic function and inflammatory status (TNF-α). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. In experiment 1, pigs fed MTD, DP, DPA1, and DPA2 had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed DPA2 had greater (p < 0.05) BW than MTD. Pigs fed DP and DPA2 tended to have lower (p < 0.1) serum total protein than CON. Pigs fed MTD and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Similarly, pigs fed MTD, DP, and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. In experiment 2, pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) ADFI than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase than CON and MTAF. Pigs fed AFP and AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had lower (p < 0.05) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) TNF-α than CON and MTAF. In conclusion, feeding an additional 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol or 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin with 8 mg/kg of fumonisins reduced the growth of pigs. Deoxynivalenol compromised the hepatic function of pigs. Phytobiotics with adsorbent could partly overcome the detrimental effects of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Mitigative effect of Momordica cymbalaria fruit extract against sodium fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Mitta ◽  
Sushmitha Duddu ◽  
Raghuveer Yadav Pulala ◽  
Pradeepkumar Bhupalam ◽  
Venkatakirankumar Mandlem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals 281 Techniques to estimate colostrum quality and the effects of cow age and pre-partum supplement intake levels on colostrum quality and serum IgG levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
Julia M Dafoe ◽  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Cory T Parsons ◽  
Boone Carter ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Rapid City ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract Our study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, serum IgG levels of the cow at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3 days post-partum using two on-farm refractometer methods. Forty-five non-lactating multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (&gt; -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (&gt; +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using 8 feeding stations in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and measurements were obtained from d 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7 and 8 yr). Cow age did not interact with supplement intake for any of the colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein taken 3 d post-partum or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer. When regressing values of the two techniques, they were observed to be correlated (P &lt; 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth. The lack of colostrum quality differences was likely due to the moderate to good condition of the cows and adequate nutrition 90 d prior to parturition.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

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