PSIII-6 Gene Expression Profile of Beef Heifer Placental Caruncles Is Affected by Pre-breeding and Early Gestation Micronutrient Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Wellison Jarles Da Silva Diniz ◽  
Lawrence P Reynolds ◽  
Alison K Ward ◽  
Pawel P Borowicz ◽  
Kevin K K Sedivec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ca Homeostasis ◽  
D 83

Abstract Vitamins and minerals are essential for proper fetal and placental development and function. However, the impact of micronutrient supplementation on placental function and gene expression remains unclear. Herein, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to determine the impact of pre-breeding maternal micronutrient supplementation on the gene expression of placental caruncles (CAR; maternal placenta). Crossbred Angus beef heifers were supplemented (VTM, n = 7) or not (CON, n = 7) with 113 g•heifer-1•d-1 of mineral premix (Purina® Wind & Rain® Storm® All-Season 7.5 Complete) from d 71 to 148 before breeding and until d 83 of gestation. After breeding, heifers were fed a diet to gain 0.79 kg/d. Uteroplacental tissues were collected at d 83. The largest placentome closest to the fetus was collected, and CAR was manually dissected from the cotyledon. Total RNA was isolated from CAR, and gene expression was measured with RNA-Seq. After data quality control and read mapping, differential expression was performed using DESeq2. We identified 46 upregulated and 19 downregulated genes in the VTM group (adj.Pval < 0.1). ShinyGO pathway analysis software was used to identify genes in the Ca and CGMP-PKG signaling pathways, including CALM2 and CAMK2G, which were down and upregulated, respectively. Calcium-mediated systems may activate steroidogenic activity in bovine placentomes, while the cGMP-PKG pathway plays a key role in vascular homeostasis mediated by nitric oxide and decreased Ca concentrations. Furthermore, biological processes underlying blood circulation were among those over-represented. Previous studies report that maternal nutrition may impact placental vascularity and uterine blood flow. ATP2B, that is upregulated in the VTM group, is a calcium/calmodulin-regulated, magnesium-dependent protein involved in intracellular Ca homeostasis. In summary, pre-breeding and early gestation maternal micronutrient supplementation leads to differential expression of genes involved in Ca homeostasis and has a putative effect on placenta vascular function.

scholarly journals Flavanone metabolites decrease monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated endothelial cells by modulating expression of atherosclerosis-related genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Chanet ◽  
Dragan Milenkovic ◽  
Sylvain Claude ◽  
Jeanette A. M. Maier ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Monocyte Adhesion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

Flavanones are found specifically and abundantly in citrus fruits. Their beneficial effect on vascular function is well documented. However, little is known about their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action in vascular cells. The goal of the present study was to identify the impact of flavanone metabolites on endothelial cells and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. We investigated the impact of naringenin and hesperetin metabolites at 0·5, 2 and 10 μm on monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and on gene expression. Except hesperetin-7-glucuronide and naringenin-7-glucuronide (N7G), when present at 2 μm, flavanone metabolites (hesperetin-3′-sulphate, hesperetin-3′-glucuronide and naringenin-4′-glucuronide (N4′G)) significantly attenuated monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated HUVEC. Exposure of both monocytes and HUVEC to N4′G and N7G at 2 μm resulted in a higher inhibitory effect on monocyte adhesion. Gene expression analysis, using TaqMan Low-Density Array, revealed that flavanone metabolites modulated the expression of genes involved in atherogenesis, such as those involved in inflammation, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organisation. In conclusion, physiologically relevant concentrations of flavanone metabolites reduce monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells by affecting the expression of related genes. This provides a potential explanation for the vasculoprotective effects of flavanones.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling of pre-eclamptic placentae by RNA sequencing

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Kaartokallio ◽  
◽  
Alejandra Cervera ◽  
Anjuska Kyllönen ◽  
Krista Laivuori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Microarray Studies ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Differently Expressed Genes

Abstract Pre-eclampsia is a common and complex pregnancy disorder that often involves impaired placental development. In order to identify altered gene expression in pre-eclamptic placenta, we sequenced placental transcriptomes of nine pre-eclamptic and nine healthy pregnant women in pools of three. The differential gene expression was tested both by including all the pools in the analysis and by excluding some of the pools based on phenotypic characteristics. From these analyses, we identified altogether 53 differently expressed genes, a subset of which was validated by qPCR in 20 cases and 19 controls. Furthermore, we conducted pathway and functional analyses which revealed disturbed vascular function and immunological balance in pre-eclamptic placenta. Some of the genes identified in our study have been reported by numerous microarray studies (BHLHE40, FSTL3, HK2, HTRA4, LEP, PVRL4, SASH1, SIGLEC6), but many have been implicated in only few studies or have not previously been linked to pre-eclampsia (ARMS2, BTNL9, CCSAP, DIO2, FER1L4, HPSE, LOC100129345, LYN, MYO7B, NCMAP, NDRG1, NRIP1, PLIN2, SBSPON, SERPINB9, SH3BP5, TET3, TPBG, ZNF175). Several of the molecules produced by these genes may have a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and some could qualify as biomarkers for prediction or detection of this pregnancy complication.

scholarly journals Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Copping ◽  
J. Hernandez-Medrano ◽  
A. Hoare ◽  
K. Hummitzsch ◽  
I. C. McMillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Glucose Output

Few studies have investigated the effects of nutrition during the periconception and early gestation periods on fetal and placental development in cattle. In this study, nulliparous yearling heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days after conception, half of each treatment group was changed to the alternative high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost) yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design. A subset of heifers (n=46) was necropsied at 98 days after conception and fetoplacental development assessed. Placentome number and volume decreased in response to LPeri and LPost diets respectively. Absolute lung, pancreas, septum and ventricle weights decreased in LPost versus HPost fetuses, whereas the post-conception diet altered absolute and relative liver and brain weights depending on sex. Similarly, changes in fetal hepatic gene expression of factors regulating growth, glucose output and lipid metabolism were induced by protein restriction in a sex-specific manner. At term, neonatal calf and placental measures were not different. Protein restriction of heifers during the periconception and early gestation periods alters fetoplacental development and hepatic gene expression. These changes may contribute to functional consequences for progeny, but this may not be apparent from gross morphometry at birth.

Fish oil fatty acids improve postprandial vascular reactivity in healthy men

2008 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher K. Armah ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Izzy Doman ◽  
Lewis James ◽  
Farah Cheghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
The Impact

Chronic fish oil intervention had been shown to have a positive impact on endothelial function. Although high-fat meals have often been associated with a loss of postprandial vascular reactivity, studies examining the effects of fish oil fatty acids on vascular function in the postprandial phase are limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the addition of fish oil fatty acids to a standard test meal on postprandial vascular reactivity. A total of 25 men received in a random order either a placebo oil meal (40 g of mixed fat; fatty acid profile representative of the U.K. diet) or a fish oil meal (31 g of mixed fat and 9 g of fish oil) on two occasions. Vascular reactivity was measured at baseline (0 h) and 4 h after the meal by laser Doppler iontophoresis, and blood samples were taken for the measurement of plasma lipids, total nitrite, glucose and insulin. eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) and NADPH oxidase gene expression were determined in endothelial cells after incubation with TRLs (triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins) isolated from the plasma samples taken at 4 h. Compared with baseline, sodium nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent vasodilator)-induced reactivity (P=0.024) and plasma nitrite levels (P=0.001) were increased after the fish oil meal. In endothelial cells, postprandial TRLs isolated after the fish oil meal increased eNOS and decreased NADPH oxidase gene expression compared with TRLs isolated following the placebo oil meal (P≤0.03). In conclusion, meal fatty acids appear to be an important determinant of vascular reactivity, with fish oils significantly improving postprandial endothelium-independent vasodilation.

Temporal candidate gene expression in the sow placenta and embryo during early gestation and effect of maternal Progenos supplementation on embryonic and placental development

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Novak ◽  
F. Paradis ◽  
J. L. Patterson ◽  
J. A. Pasternak ◽  
K. Oxtoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Critical Phases ◽  
Embryonic Muscle Development ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The present study characterised gene expression associated with embryonic muscle development and placental vascularisation during early gestation in the pig and examined effects of Progenos supplementation in early pregnancy. Tissues were collected from commercial multiparous sows (n = 48) from Days 16 to 49 of gestation. In the placenta, qPCR revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) expression did not change from Day 17 to 49 of gestation; however, KDR receptor and angiopoietin-1 and -2 expression were differentially regulated, with periods of high expression corresponding to two critical phases of angiogenesis in the pig. In the embryo, the pattern of myogenesis-related gene expression was consistent with available literature. A commercially available nutritional supplement Progenos (20 g day–1 l-arginine) added to the diet of sows from either Day 15 to 29 (P15–29; n = 33), Day 30 to 44 (n = 29) or from Day 15 to 44 (n = 76) of gestation tended to increase (P = 0.058) embryonic growth rate compared with non-supplemented controls (n = 79) and angiogenin expression was higher (P = 0.028) at Day 30 of gestation in placentae from sows on the P15–29 Progenos treatment. These results are consistent with proposed beneficial effects of l-arginine on early embryonic development and placental vascularisation.

scholarly journals Temporal placental genome wide expression profiles reflect three phases of utero-placental blood flow during early to mid human gestation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Breen ◽  
Dale McAninch ◽  
Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos ◽  
Dylan McCullough ◽  
Melanie D Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Drive Gene ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring early human placental development, extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT) invade the uterine vasculature to sequester a maternal blood supply. The impact of this on placental gene expression has not been established for normal pregnancy. Using RNA sequencing, we profiled placental chorionic villous tissues from 96 pregnancies at 6-23 weeks of gestation. We identified 1,048 genes that were differentially expressed between 6-10 weeks’ and 11-23 weeks’ of gestation. These are predominantly genes that are enriched in transcription factor signalling, inflammatory response and cell adhesion. Using a co-expression network and gene set enrichment analyses, we reveal three distinct phases of gene expression coincident with phases of maternal blood flow to the placenta that impact immune function and are likely driven by oxygen tension, potentially in a sex-specific manner. These data represent a comprehensive transcriptional profile of early placental development and point to significant environmental, genetic and regulatory triggers that drive gene expression.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Gene Regulatory Responses to Developmental Drug Exposures in Zebrafish

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Mech ◽  
Munise Merteroglu ◽  
Ian M. Sealy ◽  
Muy-Teck Teh ◽  
Richard J. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Prenatal Drug Exposure ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Developmental consequences of prenatal drug exposure have been reported in many human cohorts and animal studies. The long-lasting impact on the offspring—including motor and cognitive impairments, cranial and cardiac anomalies and increased prevalence of ADHD—is a socioeconomic burden worldwide. Identifying the molecular changes leading to developmental consequences could help ameliorate the deficits and limit the impact. In this study, we have used zebrafish, a well-established behavioral and genetic model with conserved drug response and reward pathways, to identify changes in behavior and cellular pathways in response to developmental exposure to amphetamine, nicotine or oxycodone. In the presence of the drug, exposed animals showed altered behavior, consistent with effects seen in mammalian systems, including impaired locomotion and altered habituation to acoustic startle. Differences in responses seen following acute and chronic exposure suggest adaptation to the presence of the drug. Transcriptomic analysis of exposed larvae revealed differential expression of numerous genes and alterations in many pathways, including those related to cell death, immunity and circadian rhythm regulation. Differential expression of circadian rhythm genes did not correlate with behavioral changes in the larvae, however, two of the circadian genes, arntl2 and per2, were also differentially expressed at later stages of development, suggesting a long-lasting impact of developmental exposures on circadian gene expression. The immediate-early genes, egr1, egr4, fosab, and junbb, which are associated with synaptic plasticity, were downregulated by all three drugs and in situ hybridization showed that the expression for all four genes was reduced across all neuroanatomical regions, including brain regions implicated in reward processing, addiction and other psychiatric conditions. We anticipate that these early changes in gene expression in response to drug exposure are likely to contribute to the consequences of prenatal exposure and their discovery might pave the way to therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the long-lasting deficits.

PSVIII-22 Maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation affect fetal hepatic expression of genes underlying mineral homeostasis and lipid metabolism in early pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Wellison Jarles da Silva Diniz ◽  
Alison K K Ward ◽  
Lawrence P P Reynolds ◽  
Pawel P P Borowicz ◽  
Kevin K K Sedivec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Mineral Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin And Mineral Supplementation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D 83

Abstract Vitamins and minerals play critical roles in functions such as hormone production, DNA synthesis, regulation of gene expression, and lipid metabolism. However, the impact of vitamin and mineral supplementation on fetal programming and the interplay with gene expression of fetal organs remains unclear. We used a differential gene expression analysis to determine effects of maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (from pre-breeding to d 83 post-breeding) on fetal hepatic gene expression and the pathways underlying liver function and metabolism at 83 d of gestation. Crossbred Angus beef heifers were supplemented (VTM, n = 7) or not (CON, n = 8) with 113 g•heifer-1•d-1 of mineral premix (Purina® Wind & Rain Storm All-Season 7.5 Complete) from a minimum d 71 before breeding through d 83 of gestation. After breeding, heifers were fed to gain 0.79 kg/d. All heifers were surgically ovariohysterectomized on d 83 and fetal liver collected. Total RNA was isolated from the fetal liver (n = 15) and gene expression measured with RNA-Seq. After library quality control and read mapping, differential expression was performed using edgeR. We identified 53 genes upregulated and 37 downregulated in the VTM group (adj.Pval < 0.1). Genes involved with mineral homeostasis, such as MT1A, MT1E, and MT2A, were among those differentially expressed underlying the mineral absorption pathway. ABCA1 and ABCA6, which are involved in cholesterol and metal ion transport across the plasma membrane, and PPARG and SDR16C5, that act on lipoprotein transport and metabolism, were upregulated in the VTM group. Also upregulated in the VTM group, the CUBN gene plays a role in vitamin and iron metabolism. In summary, maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation from pre-breeding to d 83 of gestation leads to upregulation of fetal hepatic genes acting on mineral homeostasis, lipid transport, and metabolism.

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