scholarly journals Nutrient digestibility of multi-enzyme supplemented low-energy and AA diets for grower pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2979-2988
Author(s):  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Robert Patterson ◽  
Anna Rogiewicz ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract A study was conducted to determine effects of supplementing multi-enzyme on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and AA; and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy for pigs fed low-energy and AA diets. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 38.7 ± 2.75 kg) were fed four diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give 8 replicates per diet. Diets were positive control (PC) diet, negative control (NC) diet without or with multi-enzyme at 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg. The PC diet was formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient recommendations for grower pigs (25 to 50 kg), except for Ca and digestible P, which were lower than NRC (2012) recommendations by 0.13 and 0.17 percentage points, respectively, due to phytase supplementation at 1,000 FTU/kg. The NC diet was formulated to be lower in NE by 75 kcal/kg and standardized ileal digestible AA content by a mean of 3%. These reductions were achieved by partial replacement of corn and soybean meal (SBM) and complete replacement of soybean oil and monocalcium phosphate in PC diet with 25% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 3.6% soybean hulls. Multi-enzyme at 1.0 g/kg supplied 1,900 U of xylanase, 300 U of β-glucanase, 1,300 U of cellulase, 11,500 U of amylase, 120 U of mannanase, 850 U of pectinase, 6,000 U of protease, and 700 U of invertase per kilogram of diet. The AID of GE, N, most AA, most component sugars of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) and P; ATTD of GE for PC diet was greater (P < 0.05) than those for NC diets. An increase in dietary level of multi-enzyme from 0 to 1.0 g/kg resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in AID of Ile by 4.3%, and tended to linearly increase (P < 0.10) AID of Leu, Met, Phe, and Val by a mean of 3.4%. Increasing dietary multi-enzyme from 0 to 1.0 g/kg linearly increased (P < 0.05) AID of total NSP and P by 53.7% and 19.2%, respectively; ATTD of GE by 8.4% and DE and NE values by 8.8% and 8.2%, respectively; tended to linearly increase (P < 0.10) AID of GE by 8.1%. The NE values for NC diet with multi-enzyme at 1.0 g/kg tended to be greater (P < 0.10) than that for PC diet (2,337 vs. 2,222 kcal/kg of DM). In conclusion, multi-enzyme supplementation improved energy and nutrient digestibilities of a corn–SBM–corn DDGS-based diet, implying that the multi-enzyme fed in the current study can be used to enhance energy and nutrient utilization of low-energy AA diets for grower pigs.

Effects of dietary supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme mixture containing carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance, energy and nutrient digestibility, and selected mucosal gene expression in the small intestine of weanling pigs fed nutrient deficient diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
A. Preynat ◽  
V. Legrand-Defretin ◽  
P.A. Geraert ◽  
O. Adeola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Gut Health

Effect of carbohydrases and phytase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of nursery pigs was evaluated. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and sex and allocated to four treatments. Treatments were a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), Ca, and non-phytate P (nPP), NC plus Rovabio® Max AP enzyme mix, at 0.05 and 0.075 g kg−1. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined in faecal samples. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was determined in ileal digesta samples collected after euthanasia. Lower final BW and average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) were observed in NC compared with PC. Enzyme at 0.05 g kg−1increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 14 and d 41, respectively, and also increased ADG. Enzyme at 0.075 g kg−1increased BW on d 14 and ADG on d 0 to d 14 (P < 0.05). Feed efficiency [gain to feed ratio (G:F)] was greater (P < 0.05) in PC than NC from d 15 to d 41 and from d 0 to d 41. No difference in G:F was observed with enzyme supplementation. Higher (P < 0.05) serum Ca and bone ash were observed in PC than NC. Enzyme increased the ATTD of Ca and P (P < 0.05) compared with NC.

scholarly journals A Very Low CP Level Reduced Diarrhoea and Productivity in Weaner Pigs, but No Differences between Post-Weaning Diets Including Soybean Meal or Soy Protein Concentrate Were Found

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lynegaard ◽  
Niels J. Kjeldsen ◽  
Julie K. Bache ◽  
Nicolai R. Weber ◽  
Christian F. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
And Performance

Soy protein concentrate improves nutrient utilization and growth performance compared to soybean meal, and diets with a low crude protein (CP) level decreases diarrhoea. The objectives were to (1) test a low CP diet based on different soy products, and (2) to test a very-low CP diet (15.1%) with amino acids (AA) on diarrhoea and productivity. A total of 5,635 weaned pigs (~28 days), were assigned to five dietary treatments; PC (positive control): Standard CP levels (192, 189, 191 g/kg CP) with 2500 ppm ZnO; NC (negative control): Same as PC without ZnO; SP (Soy protein concentrate): Low CP levels (176, 174, 191 g/kg CP); SB (Soybean meal): Low CP levels (177, 176, 191 g/kg CP); and XLA (X-low CP + AA): Very low CP levels (154, 151, 191 g/kg CP) with AA. The PC and XLA diets reduced diarrhoea by 41 and 61%, respectively, compared to the NC group, while no difference between SB and SP were observed. The XLA diet reduced feed intake and daily gain compared with PC and NC, where SP, SB, and XLA had a poorer feed conversion compared with PC. Conclusively, the SP and SB low-protein diets did not reduce diarrhoea or growth performance, whereas the XLA diet decreased both diarrhoea and performance.

20 Effect of Adding Bioactive Peptide in Combination of Pharmaceutical Zinc Oxide or Organic Acids on Growth Performance, Hematology Profile, and Nutrient Digestibility in Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Richard A Mudarra ◽  
Tsung Cheng Cheng Tsai ◽  
Kristopher Bottoms ◽  
Thomas S Shieh ◽  
Casey Bradly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Bioactive Peptide ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
High Zinc

Abstract To evaluate the effect of bioactive peptide (P) in combination with high level of zinc (HZ) or acidifiers on growth performance, complete blood cell counts (CBC) and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs, a total of 288 weaned pigs (PIC1050xDNA600) were stratified by initial BW within gender and allotted to 1of 7 treatments. Treatments for phase 1&2 were: 1) nutrient adequate positive control with HZ (PC), 2) nutrient deficient negative control with HZ (NC, -0.13% SID Lysine by reducing fish meal), 3) NC+0.25% peptide (0.25PZ), 4) NC+0.5% peptide (0.5PZ), 5) NC+0.25% peptide with standard zinc (0.25P), 6) NC+0.5% peptide with standard zinc (0.5P), 7) as 5 + 0.1% sodium butyrate and 0.5% benzoic acid (PSB). All pigs were fed a common low Zn diet (197 ppm) during phase 3. The whole blood was obtained from a close-to-average pen-BW pig repeatedly at weaning, and at the end of phase 2 and 3 to determine CBC. Titanium dioxide was used as an indigestible marker to determine nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedures of SAS as a RCBD with treatment as fixed effect, and BW block as random effect. In overall phase 1&2, pigs fed PSB had similar ADG and BW when compared to pigs fed 0.25PZ and both were greater than NC pigs (Table 1). With the same inclusion rate of peptide, pigs fed a high zinc diet had greater BW and ADG than pigs fed a standard zinc diet. PSB pigs had the greatest G:F ratio and nitrogen digestibility among treatments. Increasing peptide in high zinc diets gradually decreased Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. This study indicates that the improvement in growth performance from pigs fed peptide is pharmaceutical zinc dependent and acidifiers can be an alternative to replace ZnO without affecting growth performance.

scholarly journals Partial replacement of artificial diets by wet bioflocs biomass in Nile tilapia culture tanks

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42426
Author(s):  
Nayara Nunes Caldini ◽  
Hermano Hertz de Almeida Capistrano ◽  
Pedro Roberto Nogueira Rocha-Filho ◽  
Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e Sá
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Dry Diet

The present work aimed to assess the partial replacement of artificial diets by wet bioflocs biomass in the culture of Nile tilapia juveniles. Fish were fed on different combinations of commercial dry diets (CD) and wet bioflocs biomass (BF), as it follows: 75% CD + 25% BF, 50% CD + 50% BF, and 25% CD + 75% BF, dry matter basis. There were also positive control tanks in which the fish received only commercial diet (100% CD), and three negative control tanks where the reductions of dry diets were not compensated by wet bioflocs biomass (75% CD, 50% CD, and 25% CD). Bioflocs were produced in one 500-L outdoor tank, which did not belong to the culture system, and it was called “separate BFT tank”, in which there was a daily adjustment of the C: N ratio of water to 15: 1, by the application of dry molasses to the water. There were no significant differences between the treatments for water pH, O2, TAN and NH3. Except by 25% CD, nitrite concentrations in water were lower in bioflocs tanks than in the artificial diet tanks. The final body weight of fish was significantly higher in tanks that received only dry diets (21.9 ± 6.4 g) than in tanks with a combination of 50% dry diet and 50% wet bioflocs biomass (10.4 ± 2.5 g; p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the impairment on the growth performance of tilapia submitted to feeding restriction is lessened if wet bioflocs biomass is provided to the animals. Besides, the total substitution of artificial diets for wet bioflocs biomass in clear-water tanks is unfeasible because it leads to higher rates of mortality of tilapia in a relatively short period. 

scholarly journals Effect of different phytases on the performance, nutrient retention and tibia composition in broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1028-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ptak ◽  
D. Józefiak ◽  
B. Kierończyk ◽  
M. Rawski ◽  
K. Żyła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy

Abstract. The effect of different phytases on the performance response, nutrient utilization and tibia characteristics of chickens was investigated. The five pelleted diets were the following: positive control (PC) with added monocalcium phosphate; negative control (NC) formulated with equivalency values of phytase for Ca and digestible P; and three further diets where different phytases were individually added to the NC diet at 500 FTU/kg. The phytases were derived either from Aspergillus (phytase I), or E. coli (phytases II and III). Compared to PC, the performance parameters, as well as apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), mineral retention, bone breaking force and tibia mineral content were suppressed by the reduction of dietary Ca and digestible P. All phytases enhanced the overall body weight gains and feed conversion ratio in comparison with NC, but none outperformed PC. Only phytase II improved AMEn compared to NC and PC group. However only phytase I outperformed NC group in terms of mineral retention and P retention was higher than phytase II and III. No significant differences were observed in fat digestibility and N retention. Bone strength among phytases did not differ and all improved this parameter compared to the NC diet. However, even though all phytases enhanced tibia minerals content, the improvement was less pronounced with phytase III. Moreover, the differences in all analysed tibia minerals between phytase III and II were significant suggesting that even among 6-phytases derived from and expressed in the same organism, different efficacy or mode of action can occur.

Supplementation of a low-energy diet with recombinant ferritin from Perinereis sp. can be beneficial to finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639
Author(s):  
S. Serpunja ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Low Energy Diet

A total of 90 finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 50.02 ± 1.78 kg were used in a 10 wk experiment. The pigs were distributed into three dietary treatments replicated six times with five pigs (two barrows and three gilts) per pen. The treatment diets were a positive control (PC; high-energy diet), a negative control (NC; low-energy diet), and an NC + 0.05% ferritin diet (TRT1). The supplementation of ferritin in a low-energy diet tended (P = 0.06) to increase the BW at week 5 compared with pigs fed low-energy diets without ferritin. At week 5 and overall period, the gain-to-feed ratio of pigs fed high-energy diets was higher (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed low-energy diets. The pigs receiving a ferritin-supplemented diet had a comparable growth performance to pigs fed high-energy diets. At week 10, fecal Lactobacilli counts of pigs fed high-energy diets were higher (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed low-energy diets. The supplementation of low-energy diets with ferritin resulted in comparable growth performance to pigs fed high-energy diets and had no adverse effect on digestibility and fecal gas emissions. Thus, it seems beneficial to include ferritin in low-energy diets of finishing pigs.

scholarly journals INTAKE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY EARLY WEANED WEST AFRICAN DWARF KIDS FED SOYBEAN DIET AS REPLACER FOR MILK

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
G. O. OKAGBARE ◽  
A. O. AKINSOYINU
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Soybean Diet

Twenty-one early weaned West African dwarf (WAD) goats weighting 1 – 1.5kg at birth were used to asses the utilization of nutrients by kids fed soyabeans diet (SD) as replacer for milk. Replacement of milk with SD up to 50 percent had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on dry matter intake of kids. Nutrient digestibility values however decreased (P < 0.05) with replacement of milk with SD up to 50 percent level. The digestibility of nutrientts increased (P < 0.05)with age of the kids. Weight gain of the kids (up to 9 weeks of age) reduced with partial replacement of milk  with SD up to 50 percent level. Values recorded for average daily weight gain (g/day) for the kids for diets containing 0, 25, and 50 percent SD were 11.2, 6.7 and 3.0, respectively at 4 weeks of age and 24.3, 19.2 and 7.8, respectively at 6 weeks of age. 25 percent replacement of milk with SD gave adequate performance pre-weaned kids. The result also showed that that the level of replacement of milk with SD could be increased up to 50 percent only after 6 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Supplemental protease with phytase and xylanase and cereal grain source affected nutrient digestibility and performance of broilers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
K.W. McCafferty ◽  
A.F. Moss ◽  
N.K. Morgan ◽  
A.J. Cowieson ◽  
M. Choct
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental protease and cereal grain type on nutrient digestibility (jejunum and ileum) and performance of broilers offered diets with reduced amino acid concentrations and supplemental xylanase and phytase. A total of 624 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into 48 floor pens (13 chicks/pen; 0.07 m2/bird) and offered one of six dietary treatments with eight replicates per treatment. Dietary treatments were either maize- or wheat-based with a positive control (PC) reference diet, a negative control diet without protease (NC; 60 g/kg lower amino acid density than PC), and an NC diet with protease. The reduction in amino acid density affected (P<0.05) nutrient digestibility by varying degrees depending on cereal grain source. At 14 d of age, cereal grain and protease showed a significant interaction (P<0.05) which affected jejunal and ileal starch digestibility, whereby protease increased digestibility in birds fed wheat-based diets but not in those fed maize-based diets. Cereal grain source affected (P<0.05) nitrogen (jejunum and ileum) and digestible energy (DE; ileum), where birds fed wheat-based diets had higher digestibility than those fed maize-based diets. At 28 d of age, birds fed wheat-based diets had a higher (P<0.01) jejunal and ileal nitrogen digestibility, whereas protease reduced ileal nitrogen digestion. Protease affected ileal starch digestion in birds fed wheat, but not maize-based diets, resulting in a significant cereal grain × protease interaction (P<0.05). Wheat-based diets had a higher DE than maize-based diets in both the jejunum and ileum. From 15 to 35 d of age, cereal grain source (P<0.05) affected performance, whereby broilers offered maize-based diets had better performance than those fed wheat-based diets.

scholarly journals Symbiotics and Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts in broiler feed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Fabiana Ramos Santos ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira Duarte ◽  
Gustavo Silva Guimarães ◽  
Nadiessa Sartori Carvalho Mattos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symphytum Officinale ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to test the effects of dietary Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts added separately or in combination with symbiotics on the performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical parameters, biometrics, and intestinal histomorfometry of broilers. The experiment had a randomized block design with five treatments and six replicates of ten broilers each. Treatments were as follows: negative control and positive control (diet without and with antibiotic, respectively); 0.2% Aloe vera (AV); 0.2% Symphytum officinale (S); 0.2% functional supplement, composed of symbiotics fermented in Aloe vera and comfrey plant extracts (S+PE). At seven days of age, FI of birds fed the Aloe vera extracts diets were lower than that observed for birds consuming the diet with Symphytum officinale extract and S+PE. Broiler performance remained unaffected by treatments at others ages evaluated. At 10 to 14 days of age the lowest ADCDM ADCCP was shown in group feed NC. The highest ADCCP was observed in PC control group and in diets supplemented with Aloe vera and S+PE. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phosphorus were affected by addition of extracts at seven, 21, and 35 days of age. The longest duodenal villi were observed in broilers fed S+PE diets at seven days of age. Aloe vera and Symphytum officinale extracts and symbiotics can be used in broiler diets as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation with Escherichia coli phytase for broilers on performance, nutrient digestibility, minerals in the tibia and diet cost

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Gabriel Villela Dessimoni ◽  
Nilva Kazue Sakomura ◽  
Daniella Carolina Zanardo Donato ◽  
Fábio Goldflus ◽  
Nayara Tavares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Diet Cost

Although phytase has been researched, new enzymes have been produced, leading to different animal responses. In this scenario, the present study proposes to evaluate the inclusion of a bacterial phytase produced by Escherichia coli in broiler diets based on corn and soybean meal, with or without nutrient reductions, on the performance, nutrient digestibility, phosphorus bioavailability, and bone minerals of those animals and on the economic viability of this practice. A total of 896 male broiler chickens were distributed into 32 experimental units, each housing 28 broilers. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design with four treatments (Positive Control (PC)- diet meeting the nutritional requirements of the broiler chickens; Negative Control (NC) with reductions of 100kcal/kg of ME, 0.14% avP and 0.11% tCa; NC + phytase (500 FTU/kg); PC + phytase (500FTU/kg)) and 8 replicates. Phytase increased (p < 0.05) feed intake and body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio in starter (1 to 21 days) and total (1 to 42 days) phases, respectively, compared with Negative Control diet without supplementation. The Negative Control + phytase diet also led to a feed intake similar to Positive Control in the starter and total phases. The inclusion of phytase without nutrient reductions improved (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in the starter phase, compared to Positive Control diet. There was an increase (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus and in apparent digestible energy in the Negative Control + phytase diet compared to the Negative Control diet. Phytase supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the digestibility of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, and apparent digestible energy compared to Positive Control diet. Ash, phosphorus, and calcium contents were higher in the Negative Control + phytase diet compared with those observed in the Negative Control diet without enzyme (p < 0.05). The Positive Control + phytase diet provided higher ash contents (p < 0.05), but calcium and phosphorus deposition was similar to those obtained with Positive Control diet. Phytase inclusion allows for a reduction in the diet cost per ton of produced feed. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with bacterial phytase produced from Escherichia coli for broiler chickens is recommended, as it provided increases in production performance, nutrient digestibility, and energy metabolizability and a reduction in the diet cost.

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