scholarly journals PSXII-27 The effect of Quercus cortex extract added separately or with probiotic to ruminal fluid of cattle (in vitro) on microbiota and fermentation characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Aina Makaeva ◽  
Galimzhan Duskaev ◽  
Baer Nurzhanov ◽  
Albert Rysaev ◽  
Shamil Rakhmatullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Plant Substances

Abstract Following the rejection of antibiotics, the effectiveness of plant substances and probiotics is actively studied in order to increase the productivity of cattle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Quercus cortex extract (1 ml/kg b. w.) (QC) on rumen microbiota and characteristics of fermentation against the background of control (C). It was added separately or with a probiotic (Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus; 80.0: 1.0) (QC + Pr) as a substrate to the diets of bulls having rumen fistula (12 months of age, diet - 70% hay, 30% barley grain, within 8 days). The parameters of fermentation (CH4, volatile fatty acids) were analyzed every day during the entire period, and the microbiota of archaea and bacteria (microbes associated with fluid) was analyzed using high-performance sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The QC was prepared by grinding, extraction in a water bath (30 min., 700C) and filtration. The results of this study showed that the production of propionate was higher (P ≤ 0.05) with the substrate QC + Pr compared to C. Bacterial communities differed in feed substrates: Bacteroidetes relatively prevailed with QC and Pr, just like Proteobacteria with QC + Pr C (P ≤ 0.05). At the level of Prevotellaceae family, dominance was registered with QC and Pr (P ≤ 0.05), as well as in genus Prevotella. Firmicutes tended to decrease in all variants as compared with C, the Lactobacillaceae family - with Pr (P ≤ 0.05), and Clostridia - with QC + Pr. In Pr variant there was an increase in Ascomycota and Saccharomycetaceae (P ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the potential joint use of plant and probiotic substances as a natural feed additive that may play a role in metabolism of propionate, without adverse effect on rumen’s microbiota. This research was performed with financial support from the RSF (16-16-10048).

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promotion Potential Is Equally Represented in Diverse Grapevine Root-Associated Bacterial Communities from Different Biopedoclimatic Environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Marasco ◽  
Eleonora Rolli ◽  
Marco Fusi ◽  
Ameur Cherif ◽  
Ayman Abou-Hadid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Associated Bacteria

Plant-associated bacteria provide important services to host plants. Environmental factors such as cultivar type and pedoclimatic conditions contribute to shape their diversity. However, whether these environmental factors may influence the plant growth promoting (PGP) potential of the root-associated bacteria is not widely understood. To address this issue, the diversity and PGP potential of the bacterial assemblage associated with the grapevine root system of different cultivars in three Mediterranean environments along a macrotransect identifying an aridity gradient were assessed by culture-dependent and independent approaches. According to 16S rRNA gene PCR-DGGE, the structure of endosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities was highly diverse (P=0.03) and was associated with a cultivar/latitudinal/climatic effect. Despite being diverse, the bacterial communities associated with Egyptian grapevines shared a higher similarity with the Tunisian grapevines than those cultivated in North Italy. A similar distribution, according to the cultivar/latitude/aridity gradients, was observed for the cultivable bacteria. Many isolates (23%) presentedin vitromultiple stress resistance capabilities and PGP activities, the most frequent being auxin synthesis (82%), insoluble phosphate solubilisation (61%), and ammonia production (70%). The comparable numbers and types of potential PGP traits among the three different environmental settings indicate a strong functional homeostasis of beneficial bacteria associated with grape root.

Identification and characterisation of the predominant lactic acid-producing and lactic acid-utilising bacteria in the foregut of the feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Ghali ◽  
P. T. Scott ◽  
G. A. Alhadrami ◽  
R. A. M. Al Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
De Man

The camel is emerging as a new and important animal in the Australian livestock industry. However, little is known regarding the microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract of this ruminant-like animal. This study was carried out to determine the diversity of lactic acid-producing and lactic acid-utilising bacteria in the foregut of the feral camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Australia. Putative lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the foregut contents of camels by culturing on De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe and lactic acid media. Identification of representative isolates was based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Fermentation end products of glucose (i.e. volatile fatty acids and lactate) were also measured in vitro. The key predominant bacteria identified in this study were closely related to Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Lachnospira pectinoschiza and Prevotella ruminicola. The main L-lactate producers were those isolates closely related to S. bovis, S. ruminantium and Lactococcus garvieae, while the efficient lactate utilisers were S. ruminantium-related isolates. D-lactate was produced by isolates closely related to either L. pectinoschiza or S. ruminantium. The predominant bacteria isolated and characterised in this study are identical and/or closely related to those typically found in true ruminants (e.g. S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, S. bovis). In addition, some of the bacteria isolated represent novel species of Lachnospira and Clostridium in the context of lactic acid bacteria from a large herbivorous host. The results from this study have contributed to our understanding and provide opportunities to reduce foregut acidosis in the camel.

scholarly journals Personalized Bioconversion of Panax Notoginseng Saponins Mediated by Gut Microbiota Between Chinese-diet and Western-diet Healthy Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Man-Yun Chen ◽  
Li Shao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiang-Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) as the main effective substances from P. notoginseng with low bioavailability could be bio-converted by human gut microbiota. In our previous study, PNS metabolic variations mediated by gut microbiota have been observed between high fat, high protein (HF-HP)-diet and low fat, plant fiber-rich (LF-PF)-diet subjects. In this study, we aimed to correspondingly characterize the relationship between distinct gut microbiota profiles and PNS metabolites. Methods: Gut microbiota were collected from HF-HP and LF-PF healthy adults, respectively and profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PNS were incubated with gut microbiota in vitro. A LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify the five main metabolites yields including ginsenoside F1 (GF1), ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), ginsenoside compound K (GC-K), protopanaxatriol (PPT) and protopanaxadiol (PPD). The selected microbial species, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, were employed to metabolize PNS for the corresponding metabolites.Results: The five main metabolites were significantly different between the two diet groups. Compared with HF-HP group, the microbial genus Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Dorea, Enhydrobacter, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, SMB53, Streptococcus, Treponema and Weissella were enriched in LF-PF group, while Phascolarctobacterium and Oscillospira were relatively decreased. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlative analysis revealed gut microbiota enriched in LF-PF and HF-HP groups were positively and negatively associated with PNS metabolites yields, respectively. Conclusions: Our data showed gut microbiota diversity led to the personalized bioconversion of PNS.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 Modulates the Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Profiles in Aging Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Tanvi Shinde ◽  
Rohit Gundamaraju ◽  
Shakuntla Gondalia ◽  
Avinash Karpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota shifts can alter host metabolism even during healthy aging. Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, a probiotic strain, has shown promising probiotic character in vitro, as well as in clinical studies. The present study was carried out to investigate whether DDS-1 can modulate the host metabolic phenotype under the condition of age-affected gut microbial shifts in young and aging C57BL/6J mice. Collected fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying gut microbiota and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis. Gut microbial shifts were observed in the control groups (young and aging), leading to an alteration in metabolism. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of microbiota indicated distinct separation in both the DDS-1-treated groups. L. acidophilus DDS-1 increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus spp., and reduced the relative levels of opportunistic bacteria such as Proteobacteria spp. Metabolic pathway analysis identified 10 key pathways involving amino acid metabolism, protein synthesis and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. These findings suggest that modulation of gut microbiota by DDS-1 results in improvement of metabolic phenotype in the aging mice.

scholarly journals Growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium from human colon using daikenchuto in an in vitro model of human intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Sasaki ◽  
Daisuke Sasaki ◽  
Katsunori Sasaki ◽  
Yuto Nishidono ◽  
Akihiro Yamamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Ginsenoside Rc

AbstractDaikenchuto (DKT) is a Japanese traditional herbal (Kampo) medicine containing ginseng, processed ginger, and Japanese or Chinese pepper. We aimed to determine how DKT affects human colonic microbiota. An in vitro microbiota model was established using fecal inocula collected from nine healthy volunteers, and each model was found to retain operational taxonomic units similar to the ones in the original human fecal samples. DKT was added to the in vitro microbiota model culture at a concentration of 0.5% by weight. Next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed a significant increase in the relative abundance of bacteria related to the Bifidobacterium genus in the model after incubation with DKT. In pure cultures, DKT significantly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, but not that of Fusobacterium nucleatum or Escherichia coli. Additionally, in pure cultures, B. adolescentis transformed ginsenoside Rc to Rd, which was then probably utilized for its growth. Our study reveals the in vitro bifidogenic effect of DKT that likely contributes to its beneficial effects on the human colon.

scholarly journals Human gut bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviana Ricci ◽  
Joanna Mackie ◽  
Gillian E Donachie ◽  
Ambre Chapuis ◽  
Kristyna Mezerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen

The human gut microbiota protects the host from invading pathogens and the overgrowth of indigenous opportunistic species via mechanisms such as competition for nutrients and by production of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we investigated the antagonist activity of human gut bacteria towards Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause severe infections and mortality in susceptible patients. Co-culture batch incubations of C. albicans in the presence of faecal microbiota from six different healthy individuals revealed varying levels of inhibitory activity against C. albicans. 16S rRNA gene sequence profiling of these faecal co-culture bacterial communities showed that the Bifidobacteriaceae family, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in particular, were most correlated with antagonistic activity against C. albicans. Follow up mechanistic studies confirmed that culture supernatants of Bifidobacterium species, particularly B. adolescentis, inhibited C. albicans in vitro under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Production of the fermentation acids acetate and lactate, together with the concomitant decrease in pH, were strong drivers of the inhibitory activity. Bifidobacteria may therefore represent attractive targets for the development of probiotics and prebiotic interventions tailored to enhance inhibitory activity against C. albicans in vivo.

scholarly journals Bacterial Communities Associated with the Cycling of Non-Starch Polysaccharides and Phytate in Aquaponics Systems

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Daniel Menezes-Blackburn ◽  
Nahad Al-Mahrouqi ◽  
Buthaina Al-Siyabi ◽  
Adhari Al-Kalbani ◽  
Ralf Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Catalytic Mechanisms ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Aquaponics are efficient systems that associate aquatic organisms’ production and plants by recirculating water and nutrients between aquaculture and hydroponic tanks. In this study, we characterised the bacterial communities in the freshwater aquaponics system that can mineralise polysaccharides and phytate by producing carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and phytases, by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and in vitro culture techniques. Around 20% of the operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) identified were previously reported to carry fibre-degrading enzyme putative genes, namely β-glucanase (1%), xylanase (5%), or cellulases (17%). Ten % of the zOTUs were previously reported to carry putative genes of phytases with different catalytic mechanisms, namely β-propeller (6%), histidine acid phytases (3%), and protein tyrosine phytase (<1%). Thirty-eight morphologically different bacteria were isolated from biofilms accumulated in fish and plant compartments, and identified to belong to the Bacilli class. Among these, 7 could produce xylanase, 8 produced β-glucanase, 14 produced cellulase, and 11 isolates could secrete amylases. In addition, Staphylococcus sp. and Rossellomorea sp. could produce consistent extracellular phytate-degrading activity. The PCR amplification of β-propeller genes both in environmental samples and in the isolates obtained showed that this is the most ecologically relevant phytase type in the aquaponics systems used. In summary, the aquaponics system is abundant with bacteria carrying enzymes responsible for plant-nutrient mineralisation.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Microbiota Diversity of the Xerophyte Argania spinosa L. Skeels Root System and Residuesphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mapelli ◽  
Valentina Riva ◽  
Lorenzo Vergani ◽  
Redouane Choukrallah ◽  
Sara Borin
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Argania Spinosa

Abstract The microbiota associated to xerophyte is a “black box” that might include microbes involved in plant adaptation to the extreme conditions that characterize their habitat, like water shortage. In this work, we studied the bacterial communities inhabiting the root system of Argania spinosa L. Skeels, a tree of high economic value and ecological relevance in Northern Africa. Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing and cultivation techniques were applied to unravel the bacterial microbiota’s structure in environmental niches associated to argan plants (i.e., root endosphere, rhizosphere, root-surrounding soil), not associated to the plant (i.e., bulk soil), and indirectly influenced by the plant being partially composed by its leafy residue and the associated microbes (i.e., residuesphere). Illumina dataset indicated that the root system portions of A. spinosa hosted different bacterial communities according to their degree of association with the plant, enriching for taxa typical of the plant microbiome. Similar alpha- and beta-diversity trends were observed for the total microbiota and its cultivable fraction, which included 371 isolates. In particular, the residuesphere was the niche with the highest bacterial diversity. The Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) potential of 219 isolates was investigated in vitro, assessing several traits related to biofertilization and biocontrol, besides the production of exopolysaccharides. Most of the multivalent isolates showing the higher PGP score were identified in the residuesphere, suggesting it as a habitat that favor their proliferation. We hypothesized that these bacteria can contribute, in partnership with the argan root system, to the litter effect played by this tree in its native arid lands.

scholarly journals Influence of adding fibrolytic enzymes on the ruminal fermentation of date palm by-products

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Abid ◽  
Jihene Jabri ◽  
Yves Beckers ◽  
Hela Yaich ◽  
Atef Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
By Products

Abstract. This study was conducted in order to assess the influence of four doses (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg (g dry matter)−1 of commercial fibrolytic enzymes (MAXFIBER-I®, SHAUMANN GmbH, Wahlstedt, Germany) on in vitro fermentation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) by-products: date kernels, wasted dates, floral stems, and palm fronds. Rumen contents were obtained from two non-lactating Holstein cows. Enzyme supplementation to by-products was carried out 12 h prior to incubation. Compared to the control, the enzymatic supplementation quadratically increased the extent but not the gas production rate of date kernel fermentation. Indeed, the potential gas production increased notably by 14.8 % with the lowest enzymes dose following recorded gas production after 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The estimated organic-matter digestibility, metabolisable energy, and total volatile fatty acids in the incubation fluid tended to be increased with the lowest dose by 7.8 %, 8.4 %, and 13.9 % respectively. For the wasted dates, this feed additive tended to linearly increase the gas production rate of fermentation with the highest dose. On the other hand, this supplementation had no effect on the ruminal fermentation of the floral stems and palm fronds. The exogenous fibrolytic enzymes were more effective on fibrous but not on lignified date palm by-products.

scholarly journals In Vitro Incubations Do Not Reflect In Vivo Differences Based on Ranking of Low and High Methane Emitters in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3112
Author(s):  
Edward H. Cabezas-Garcia ◽  
Rebecca Danielsson ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ch4 Production

This study evaluated if ranking dairy cows as low and high CH4 emitters using the GreenFeed system (GF) can be replicated in in vitro conditions using an automated gas system and its possible implications in terms of fermentation balance. Seven pairs of low and high emitters fed the same diet were selected on the basis of residual CH4 production, and rumen fluid taken from each pair incubated separately in the in vitro gas production system. In total, seven in vitro incubations were performed with inoculums taken from low and high CH4 emitting cows incubated in two substrates differing in forage-to-concentrate proportion, each without or with the addition of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) as an inhibitor of CH4 production. Except for the aimed differences in CH4 production, no statistical differences were detected among groups of low and high emitters either in in vivo animal performance or rumen fermentation profile prior to the in vitro incubations. The effect of in vivo ranking was poorly replicated in in vitro conditions after 48 h of anaerobic fermentation. Instead, the effects of diet and CNSL were more consistent. The inclusion of 50% barley in the diet (SB) increased both asymptotic gas production by 17.3% and predicted in vivo CH4 by 26.2%, when compared to 100% grass silage (S) substrate, respectively. The SB diet produced on average more propionate (+28 mmol/mol) and consequently less acetate compared to the S diet. Irrespective of CH4 emitter group, CNSL decreased predicted in vivo CH4 (26.7 vs. 11.1 mL/ g of dry matter; DM) and stoichiometric CH4 (CH4VFA; 304 vs. 235 moles/mol VFA), with these being also reflected in decreased total gas production per unit of volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial structure was assessed on rumen fluid sampled prior to in vitro incubation, by sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) did not show any differences between groups. Some differences appeared of relative abundance between groups in some specific OTUs mainly related to Prevotella. Genus Methanobrevibacter represented 93.7 ± 3.33% of the archaeal sequences. There were no clear differences between groups in relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter.

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