It’s not the batteries! Smoke alarm presence and functionality 5-7 years post installation of sealed lithium battery alarms

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Shields ◽  
Elise Omaki ◽  
Joel Villalba ◽  
Andrea Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Smoke Alarm ◽  
Smoke Alarms ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Long Life

Abstract Smoke alarms with lithium batteries have been marketed as long life or “10 Year Alarms.” Previous work has drawn into question the actual term of functionality for lithium battery alarms. This paper reports on observed smoke alarm presence and functionality in a sample of 158 homes which had participated in a fire department smoke alarm installation program 5-7 years prior to the observations. A total of 394 alarms were originally installed in the 158 homes that completed the revisit. At the time of the revisit, 214 of those alarms were working (54%), 26 were non-working (7%), and 154 were missing (39%). Of the 158 homes that completed the revisit, n=62 (39%) had all their originally installed project alarms up at working at the revisit. Respondents who reported owning their homes and who reported living in their home for 6 or more years were significantly more likely than renters and those living in their homes for 5 or fewer years were more likely to maintain all of their project alarms. Smoke alarm installation programs should consider revisiting homes within 5-7 years post installation to inspect and replace any missing or non-functioning alarms. We recommend programs conducting community risk reduction programs track and plan installations and revisits to improve smoke alarm coverage.

How the science of injury prevention contributes to advancing home fire safety in the USA: successes and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i7-i13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C Gielen ◽  
Shannon Frattaroli ◽  
Keshia M Pollack ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa ◽  
Jingzhen G Yang
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Smoke Alarms ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Control Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Community Environments

BackgroundIn the decades since the landmark report-America Burning-was published in 1973, the number of home fire deaths has shrunk from >5500 per year to 2650 in 2015. This paper: (1) describes how science and practice in injury prevention and fire and life safety contributed to successful interventions, and (2) identifies emerging strategies and future opportunities to prevent home fire-related deaths.MethodsThe aims are addressed through the lens of population health research, with a focus on the work of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded Injury Control Research Centers. Results are organised using the Haddon Matrix and an ecological model.ResultsWe found evidence to support interventions that address all components of both the matrix and the model, including: reduced ignition propensity cigarettes, stop smoking campaigns, housing codes, residential sprinkler systems, smoke alarms, community risk reduction, school-based educational programmes, and fire and burn response systems. Future reductions are likely to come from enhancing residential sprinkler and smoke alarm technology, and increasing their utilisation; expanding the use of community risk reduction methods; and implementing new technological solutions. Despite the successes, substantial disparities in home fire death rates remain, reflecting underlying social determinants of health.ConclusionMost of the evidence-supported interventions were focused on changing the policy and community environments to prevent home fires and reduce injury when a fire occurs. Future prevention efforts should give high priority to addressing the continued disparities in home fire deaths.

scholarly journals Metal Fluoride–Lithium Batteries: 3D Honeycomb Architecture Enables a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Iron (III) Fluoride–Lithium Battery (Adv. Mater. 43/2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (43) ◽  
pp. 1970304
Author(s):  
Feixiang Wu ◽  
Vesna Srot ◽  
Shuangqiang Chen ◽  
Simon Lorger ◽  
Peter A. Aken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Metal Fluoride ◽  
Long Life

A Framework for Analyzing Residential Fire Outcomes in Homes with Operative Smoke Alarms

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1660-1664
Author(s):  
Natalie V. Motta-Mena ◽  
Christy Cloninger ◽  
Genevieve M. Nauhaus
Keyword(s):  
Situational Factors ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Smoke Alarm ◽  
Smoke Alarms ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Residential Fire ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Fire Fatality ◽  
Alarm Sounds

Operative smoke alarms have been shown to be effective in reducing home-fire fatalities, but there remain incidents in which injuries and death occur despite the presence of a working smoke alarm. The present work presents a scientifically-guided framework for evaluating the outcomes of such incidents from the perspective of human factors and, specifically, the warnings communication process. It considers the roles of environmental, individual, and situational factors in occupants’ detection, noticing, and processing of smoke alarms, as well as the behaviors produced in response. Such factors include the acoustic environment in which the alarm sounds, the occupants’ cognitive state and focus of attention, the occupants’ developmental and physical abilities, and the situational circumstances in which a response is chosen and executed. The synthesis of these findings provides one methodology for understanding real-world outcomes of fires, as well as informing development and evaluation of countermeasures for improving residential fire fatality rates.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Nylon 66/PAN Nanofibrous Film Used as Separator of Lithium-Ion Battery

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsun Nien ◽  
Chih-Ning Chang ◽  
Pao-Lin Chuang ◽  
Chun-Han Hsu ◽  
Jun-Lun Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

In recent years, portable electronic devices have flourished, and the safety of lithium batteries has received increasing attention. In this study, nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning using different ratios of nylon 66/polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and their properties were studied and compared with commercial PP separators. The experimental results show that the addition of PAN in nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator of lithium-ion battery can enhance the porosity up to 85%. There is also no significant shrinkage in the shrinkage test, and the thermal dimensional stability is good. When the Li/LiFePO4 lithium battery is prepared by nylon 66/PAN nanofibrous film used as separator, the capacitor can be maintained at 140 mAhg−1 after 20 cycles at 0.1 C, and the coulombic efficiency is still maintained at 99%, which has excellent electrochemical performance.

Research on a New Type of Lithium Battery String Equalization and Management System

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 1470-1476
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Ding Guo Shao ◽  
Lu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
New Type ◽  
Management Functions

Lithium battery has been employed widely in many industrial applications. Parameter mismatches between lithium batteries along a series string is the critical limits of the large-scale applications in high power situation. Maintaining equalization between batteries is the key technique in lithium batteries application. This paper summarizes normal equalization techniques and proposed a new type of lithium Battery Equalization and Management System (BEMS) employing the isolated DC-DC converter structure. The system is integrated both equalization functions and management functions by using distributed 3-level controlled structure and digital control technique. With this control method the flexibility of the balance control strategy and the compatibility for different battery strings are both improved dramatically. The experimental results show optimizing equalization, efficiency and the battery string life span has been extended.

Developments in Rechargeable Mno2Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Made In

AbstractConsiderable efforts are in progress to develop rechargeable batteries as alternative systems to the nickel-cadmium battery. In this regard, several advances have been made in ambient-temperature lithium battery technology, and specifically in the engineering of rechargeable lithium/manganese dioxide cells. This paper reviews the current state of the art in rechargeable Li/MnO2battery technology; particular attention is paid to the structural features of various MnO2electrode materials which influence their electrochemical and cycling behaviour in lithium cells.

Design and Implementation of Electric Vehicle Power Lithium Battery Protection Board

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Ju Hua Huang ◽  
Ming Cao ◽  
Hang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Li Ion

The performance of power lithium batteries directly affects the performance of electric vehicles. To ensure the safety of power lithium batteries and improve battery life, this paper uses Ricoh R5408 Series Li-ion battery protection IC to design the high-current protection board for electric vehicle, to achieve the power lithium battery group overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, over current, short circuit protection, temperature protection and charge balance protection, and has run on the pure electric vehicles with good test results.

Environment-Friendly Design of Lithium Batteries Starting from Biopolymer-Based Electrolyte

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2130006
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Shi ◽  
Bin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Adhesive Property ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Battery Materials ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Film Forming

The nondegradable nature and toxicity of organic liquid electrolytes reveal the design deficiency of lithium batteries in environmental protection. Biopolymers can be extracted from biomass under mild conditions, thus they are usually low cost and renewable. The unique characteristics of biopolymers such as water solubility, film-forming capability and adhesive property are of importance for lithium battery. The studies on the biopolymer materials for lithium batteries have been reviewed in this work. Although a lot of work on the biopolymer-based battery materials has been reported, it is still a challenge in the design of lithium battery with zero pollution and zero waste.

scholarly journals A Short Review of Lithium-ion Battery Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Imran Hussain Sardar ◽  
Souren Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
High Specific Energy ◽  
Battery Technology

Lithium batteries are characterized by high specific energy, high efficiency and long life. These unique properties have made lithium batteries the power sources of choice for the consumer electronics market with a production of the order of billions of units per year. These batteries are also expected to find a prominent role as ideal electrochemical storage systems in renewable energy plants, as well as power systems for sustainable vehicles, such as hybrid and electric vehicles. However, scaling up the lithium battery technology for these applications is still problematic since issues such as safety, costs, wide operational temperature and materials availability, are still to be resolved. This review focuses first on the present status of lithium battery technology, then on its near future development and finally it examines important new directions aimed at achieving quantum jumps in energy and power content.

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