Civil Dissent and Repression: An Agency-Centric Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ore Koren ◽  
Bumba Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Domestic Security ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
Security Agent ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression ◽  
Security Organizations

Abstract Do governments make a strategic choice in deciding what type of security agent to use for repression? Research acknowledges the role of auxiliary groups such as militias in repression, yet surprisingly little attention is given to the state's formal domestic security agents, such as the police. We show that formal security organizations and auxiliary groups enhance the government's ability to repress by acting as strategic complements. As the better-regulated force, formal agents are often employed against violent riots, when regimes worry more about the ability to control the agents and their behavior more than about being visibly linked to the violence. In contrast, auxiliaries are often used to repress nonviolent campaigns, when the government seeks to benefit from agency loss in order not to be associated with the violence, which can be costly in these contexts. We empirically verify these linkages on country-month data for Africa using panel vector-autoregression (pVAR), which accounts for endogeneity, not only between the dependent and independent variables, but also the dependent variables. We complement these statistical results with case-based evidence and descriptive original data from non-African countries.

Determinant of placement on the performance of the civil servant apparatus (ASN) in the mare subdistrict of bone regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-004
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
T Test ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
District Office ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The right man in the right place and the right man behind the right job. The placement of employees becomes very important to improve employee performance including ASN in the government office of Mare Subdistrict, Bone Regency. The purpose of the study is to see the influence or role of employee placement factors on the performance of ASN employees. Apakh has a significant influence. The research was conducted on a number of ASNs in the government office of Mare District of Bone Regency. The method of data collection is done by saturated survey method (census). The method of data analysis is to use a hypothesis test, which is a t-test to see the influence of independent variables, namely placement (X) on dependent variables, namely ASN performance (Y). The results of the study obtained that the placement factor had a significant effect (real) on the performance of ASN in the District Office mare Bone Regency. This is evident from the results of the t test where the placement variable (X) has a significance value (Sig.=0.001<0.05) and is also shown from a t-calculated value (4.015) greater than the value of t-table (1,667).

PENGARUH PERSONAL BACKGROUND, POLITICAL BACKGROUND DAN PENGEATAHUAN DEWAN TENTANG ANGGARAN TERHADAP PERAN DPRD DALAM PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesi Mutia Basri ◽  
Rosliana Rosliana
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Activity Dependent

This research aim to examine the influence of personal background, political background, and council budget knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control. This research is motivated by the fact that individual background will effect to individual behavior on political activity. Dependent variables in this research are personal background, political background, and council budges knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control Independent variables are the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning, implementing, and responsibility steps. The data in this research consist of primary data that taken from questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. The collected are from 34 Respondents that members of DPRD at Pekanbaru. Hypothesis of this research are examine by using Multivariate Analysis of Variances (MANOVA). The result of this research HI personal background political background and budget knowledge have significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning steps.H2 personal background, politico I background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Implementing steps. H3 personal background political background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Controlling steps.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REVIU RKA-K/L OLEH APIP TERHADAP EFISIENSI ALOKASI ANGGARAN KEMENTERIAN AGAMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Edy Effendi ◽  
Muhammad Imron
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Research on the role of the APIP review of the Ministry/agency Work Plan and Budget document to determine the impact on the efficiency of ministry/agency spending (case study at the Ministry of Religion). The method used in this study uses simple linear regression with dummy. The use of linear regression is used to examine the relationship between independent variables (certain types of expenditure) and dependent variables (total expenditure). Whereas, dummy is used to find out before and after the APIP review is done. Throughout the author's search, this research has never been done. Based on the results of linear regression obtained, the APIP review significantly had a positive effect on official travel expenditure and honorarium but did not significantly affect building spending and equipment. Abstrak   Penelitian atas peran reviu APIP atas dokumen Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Kementerian Negara/Lembaga untuk mengetahui dampaknya terhadap efisiensi belanja kementerian/lembaga (studi kasus pada Kementerian Agama). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier sederhana dengan dummy. Penggunaan regresi liner digunakan untuk meneliti hubungan antara variable independen (jenis belanja tertentu) dan variable dependen (total belanja). Sedangkan, dummy digunakan untuk mengetahui sebelum dan setelah reviu APIP dilakukan. Sepanjang penelusuran penulis, penelitian ini belum pernah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil regresi linier diperoleh, reviu APIP signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap  belanja perjalanan dinas dan honorarium tetapi tidak signifikan berbengaruh terhadap belanja gedung dan alat.

scholarly journals Hunger in Madagascar: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p21
Author(s):  
Lincoln J. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Probability Sample

This paper is a continuation of a larger study which assesses hunger in African countries. The purpose of these papers in this is to look at the scope of hunger in countries and then to identify the factors that predict hunger in each individual country. This is the 5th paper in the series and is concerned with hunger in Madagascar, one of Africa’s and the world’s hungriest countries. The paper is important for several reasons. One is the fact that it, like all the country level papers, is based on a national probability sample, something the literature stresses is lacking and needed to improve hunger research. A second is that all the papers in the series, including this one, found that the literature’s suggestion that gender and the rural-urban dimension are significant predictors of hunger. These studies have provided a consistent list of significant hunger predictors. Employment in the country’s agricultural sector, wealth as measured by asset ownership, education and age were consistent significant predictors, .The surprising findings were related to respondent perception of the role of government in addressing hunger, questions like the way the government was handling whether people had enough to eat or addressing the living standards of the poor. The major policy implication of this and earlier papers is that governments need to reach out to citizens, presenting them with their food related plans and assuring them that the government is doing everything within its power to address hunger in their countries.

scholarly journals SAFETY IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josip Taradi ◽  
Vesna Nikolić ◽  
Nevenka Grošanić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Partial Connection

The studies have shown the current knowledge about the problems and prospects of safety in terms of sustainable development. The scientific research methods have been used: a content analysis of scientific literature, surveys to collect original data and statistical methods for data processing and analysis. According to the research, safety is in terms of sustainable development in business organizations. Environmental protection is assessed as the most significant component of safety in terms of sustainable development. Important are the findings based on the positive assessment of safety experts that the workers are aware of it an d that the management of the organization appreciates and supports safety in terms of sustainable development. It is especially important that the organizations appreciate the knowledge to protect and support continuous learning to improve the safety in terms of sustainable development. There is a partial connection between the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development and the independent variables of a safety expert profile. Thereby, it is highly important that the safety experts with higher levels of education and more work experience give higher rating to the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development. There is a connection between the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development and the independent variables of the profile of organization employment of safety experts. Safety experts employed in the private ownership organizations give higher ratings to the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development in their organizations than the safety experts employed in the state and public ownership organizations. It is significant that safety experts employed in organizations in Serbia give higher ratings to the dependent variables of safety in terms of sustainable development than safety experts employed in Croatia. One must recognize the need and opportunity for improvement i.e. development of safety in terms of sustainable development. Key words: safety, sustainable development.

scholarly journals Dominance-driven autocratic political orientations predict political violence in non-WEIRD and WEIRD samples

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrikas Bartusevicius ◽  
Florian van Leeuwen ◽  
Michael Bang Petersen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Political Orientations

Given the costs of political violence, scholars have long sought to identify its causes. We examined individual differences related to participation in political violence, emphasizing the central role of political orientations. We hypothesized, specifically, that individuals with dominance-driven autocratic political orientations are prone to political violence. Multilevel analysis of survey data from 34 African countries (N = 51,587) indicated that autocracy-oriented individuals, compared to democracy-oriented individuals, are considerably more likely to participate in political violence. As a predictor of violence (indexed with attitudinal, action intent, and behavioral measures), autocratic orientation outperformed other variables highlighted in existing research, including socioeconomic status and group-based injustice. Additional analyses of original data from South Africa (N = 2,170), Denmark (N = 1,012), and the United States (N = 1,539) indicated that the autocratic orientation-political violence link reflects individual differences in dominance orientations, and that the findings generalize to societies extensively socialized to democratic values.

Workplace stress of occupational safety specialists in Croatia and Serbia

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolić ◽  
Josip Taradi ◽  
Aleksandra Ilić Petković
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Stress Prevention ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Status ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Related Stress

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that work often causes stress in employees and even in occupational safety experts. Occupational stress can lead to serious health consequences for employees. As the job of occupational safety experts is very responsible, they are more exposed to workplace stress and more vulnerable to its consequences. This study resulted with expertise on the work related stress of safety experts in Croatia and Serbia. OBJECTIVE: This study examined workplace stress of occupational safety experts in Croatia and Serbia. METHODS: Surveys were used to collect original data and statistical methods were used for data processing and analysis. RESULTS: There was a correlation between the level of stress on safety expert’s jobs and stress levels related to the status of safety experts as dependent variables and the organization profile related with safety experts’ employment as independent variables. Stress of safety experts related to activities and the status of safety experts were of medium level. CONCLUSION: There is a need for preventive protection from stress in this profession. Continuous education of safety experts plays a key role in stress prevention, not only for the safety experts but it also plays a key role in stress management throughout the organization.

scholarly journals Approaches to Control Mechanisms and Their Implications for Companies ’ Profitability: a Study in UAE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Essia Ries Ahmed ◽  
Tariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah ◽  
Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Insider Ownership ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This study tries to evaluate and test the role of control mechanisms represented by foreign ownership and insider ownership on companies’ profitability in the listed companies in the UAE and whether independent variables are matter in determining the profitability of such companies. This study utilized companies belong to non-financial sector for the year of 2019 with a sample of 50 companies to be analyzed in the current study. To test the independent and dependent variables, regression analysis was used via using SPSS. The findings show that insider ownership has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability On the other hand, the findings revealed evidence to support the effect of foreign ownership on companies’ profitability. Moreover, there is insignificant evidence reflected the fact that companies’ size has insignificant impact on companies’ profitability. This study added further evidence in Dubai context where there is a rare and unique studies that have been done in this important context. It takes in tits account to investigate both insider and foreign ownership and their impact companies’ profitability

scholarly journals The Role of Total Number of Floors under Age Influencing Residential Price Utilizing the Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ho-Wen Yang ◽  
Hsien-Chi Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Hedonic Pricing Model ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Taichung City ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Transaction Price

We examine here how does age and total number of floors affect residential prices in Taichung City Taiwan. In recent years, with the increase in land prices and the improvement of construction technology, number of floors in multi-family residential towers has also increased in Taiwan. There are many factors that affect the transaction price of multi-family residential towers. The research object of this study is 2,500 transaction data of 22 multi-families residential towers in the most densely populated area near Zhongke Shopping Plaza in Xitun District, Taichung City April 2012 to March 2019. First, this study uses the hedonic pricing model explore the significance of factors that affect the transaction price of multi-family residential towers with residential prices as the dependent variables, number of floors, age, land transfer area, building transfer area, story as independent variables. Then this study uses causal steps and bootstrapping to check the intermediary effect of number of floors between age and residential price. The statistical results found that number of floors, age, land transfer area, and building transfer area all significantly affect residential price. This study found that age affects residential price through number of floor height that represent number of floors playing the role of full mediation between age and residential price.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayana Workneh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
National Income ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Gross National Income ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

The prime purpose of this article was to investigate the monetary and fiscal policy interaction and their impact on economic growth in a panel of 35 sub-Saharan African economies from 1980 to 2018. To achieve this objective, the study employs a Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) estimation technique. Using a PVAR approach, we show that an expansionary fiscal policy through tax revenue and an unexpected expansionary monetary policy via broad money supply have a positive effect on gross national income, whereas an expansionary fiscal policy through the government spending have a contractionary impact on gross national income. We also find that an unexpected expansionary monetary policy via real exchange rate has no effect on gross national income. Finally, we show evidence that there is a negative and significant relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy and thus supporting the need of policy coordination between fiscal and monetary policies. Therefore, to have continuous and sustainable economic growth, the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is vital, and the lack of this coordination leads to a sharp downturn of overall economic performance, even can hurt the economy The empirical results also show that the variation in gross national income is more explained by fiscal policy variables than monetary policy variables which show fiscal policy is more effective than monetary policy in influencing gross national income.

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