What Is Gender?

Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan

The third chapter turns to gender, examining parts of Cao’s Story of the Stone and Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. The former treats a boy who strongly identifies himself with the girls with whom he is raised. The latter treats a girl who takes on the disguise of a boy. Both works suggest that personality and behavioral propensities are distributed fairly randomly across the two sexes; at the very least, sex does not align very consistently with such propensities. A careful reading of both works suggests what we might refer to as a “situated” or “situational” conception of gender. A situation triggers some situation category; that is, we class a certain social interaction as a particular type (e.g., a joke or an insult). That categorization includes context-appropriate gender norms. The norms range from diction and politeness through socially appropriate emotions and behaviors (e.g., sadness vs. anger in response to an insult).

Author(s):  
Isao Okayasu ◽  
Chi-Ok Oh ◽  
Duarte B Morais

Running is one of the most popular activities in the world. Runners’ attitudes and behaviors vary depending on their running style. This study aims to construct different measures of running specialization based on the theory of specialization. This study also tests a runner’s stage of specialization segmentation based on recreation specialization and examines the predictive relationship between a runner’s specialization and event attachment. Three groups of sampling data assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for running in three marathon events. First, two surveys were conducted with marathon participants to assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for runners. Second, the third dataset was used to examine the relationship between a runner’s recreation specialization and event attachment.The study results showed that the 15 measures of specialization showed a good fit to the data. Our research showed how runners’ recreation specialization is connected to their event attachment. In addition, this study suggested event management for subdivisions of runners. Its practical implication is that recreation specialization for running can help us understand event attachment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karam Abdallah

The city of Cairo - since the beginning of the third millennium - has witnessed a constructional expansion of new cities for people of class A to live within gated communities, which provide luxury and safety. This research aims to identify the tangible and intangible needs from the occupants’ and the interior designer’s perspective, due to the diversity of these needs. The identification of these demands may help to clarify the requirements provided by the large construction companies, which will highlight the role of the interior designer in the design process of the residential units.Keywords: Interior design in Egypt, Contemporary Egyptian residences, Egyptian residential needs, Gated communities in Egypt.eISSN: 2398-4287© 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1727


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Herry Suryanto

This study is class action research conducted at class A of 9th grade in SMPN 1 Prambon, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Based on preliminary study, students still found some difficulties to solve the problem about Electrical  Series. This was proven from their average score of test on this topic that is 73,19, which is still lower than KKM score that is 76. This research aimed to analyze the effect of using PENCILS media on increasing students’ understanding about Electrial Series topic. PENCILS media is software application in computer. The analysis result in the first cycle, from 36 students, 21 of them had score lower than KKM. In the second cycle, learning process used PENCILS as learning media to facilitate students’ difficulty. The result of analysis data in the second cylce showed that only 6 students had score lower than KKM and the average score of test was 77,37. The third cycle was conducted to ensure that the score obtained is stable. Based on the result of data analysis in the last cycle indicated that only 3 students had score lower than KKM and the average score of test was 78,75. In conclusion, the PENCILS media can be effectively used to improve students’ understanding on the topic of Electrical Series.


1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boneu ◽  
J. Plante ◽  
J. Corberand ◽  
R. Biermé

Platelet volume and density distribution of three different patient groups were studied. Volumes were determined with a Coulter-Counter (Z BIC-Channelyser C 100) while the respectives densities were evaluated using a modified approach to the standard Booyse and Rafelson density assay method (ultracentrifugation on a linear sucrose gradient).In the first group of patients schowing thrombocytemia following splenectomy, platelet volumes and densities were within the normal range both before and after splenectomy in spite of sudden platelet increase.In the second group wit I.T.P. (platelets < 20,000/mm3) the gaussian distribution of log volumes was deviated towards a macrothrombocytosis; however, the dispersion of the values was significantly increased in spite of the homogeneity of platelet age. The platelet count was immediately normalised following splenectomy. The young platelets formed (age < 48 hours) presented a normal gaussian distribution of both log-volume and density.In the third group of consumption coagulopathies with mild thrombocytopenia, there was evidence of macrothrombocytosis in all eases; yet, separation of platelet populations revealed an increase in the number of light platelets (class A and B of the Booyse and Rafelson classification).Those findings strongly suggest that young platelets present normal volume and density-distributions. Only in those cases of intensive peripheral consumption do the mega-caryocytcs produce an abnormal platelet population with grater volume and dispersion as well as lower densities.


Author(s):  
Fille Tamalazare Yuma ◽  
Maria Veronica Gandha

In the modern era, the loss of third place in the city center, such as the city of Jakarta, has resulted in increasingly mushrooming shopping centers and increasing market gimmicks. This causes the level of social interaction between fellow humans decreases so that exclusivity is formed in each individual. In meeting social needs in that era, a social forum is needed as a place for communities to eliminate exclusivity and restore human nature which is basically a social creature that needs to interact. From this, architecture talks about ways to meet the needs of the community in the third place as a means of community existence. The presence of Art Space is intended to present communities where individuals can fuse and increase social interaction. Art Space raised the topic of art which is one of the characteristics of the Senen Kelurahan, Senen District, Central Jakarta. Art will be used as a medium and a tool to interact and communicate with each other. Making an entertainment center for art that is inclusive so that it can be enjoyed by all groups of people both artists, connoisseurs of art or the general public. The choice of performing arts is based on the high public interest in the Senen Village. The design of Art Space is designed with site analysis method so that the building pays attention to the surrounding context so as to strengthen the contextual concept. Combining typologies adapted from the habits or approaches of the needs of the surrounding community. Bluring boundaries between private closeness and public opensess. It is expected that Art Space can attract people to visit so that it presents social interaction. Keywords: Art Space; Social Interaction; Third Place Abstrak Pada era yang serba modern hilangnya third place pada pusat kota seperti kota Jakarta mengakibatkan pusat perbelanjaan semakin menjamur dan market gimmick yang terus meningkat. Hal tersebut menyebabkan tingkat interaksi sosial antara sesama manusia menurun sehingga terbentuklah eksklusifitas pada setiap individu. Dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sosial di era tersebut, maka dibutuhkan wadah sosial sebagai wadah komunitas-komunitas untuk menghilangkan ekslusifitas dan mengembalikan hakekat manusia yang pada dasarnya adalah mahluk sosial yang perlu berinteraksi. Dari hal tersebut, arsitektur berbicara tentang cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan komunitas pada third place sebagai sarana eksistensi masyarakat. Kehadiran Art Space dimaksudkan untuk menghadirkan komunitas-komunitas  di mana individu dapat melebur dan meningkatkan interaksi sosial. Art Space  mengangkat topik seni yang merupakan salah satu karakteristik kawasan Kelurahan Senen, Kecamatan Senen, Jakarta Pusat. Seni akan digunakan sebagai media dan alat untuk berinteraksi serta berkomunikasi antara sesama manusia. Menjadikan pusat hiburan seni yang inklusif sehingga dapat dinikmati oleh seluruh golongan masyarakat baik seniman, penikmat seni atau khalayak umum. Pemilihan jenis seni pertunjukan didasarkan oleh tingginya animo masyarakat pada Kelurahan Senen. Perancangan Art Space didesain dengan metode site analysis agar bangunan memperhatikan konteks sekitar sehingga memperkuat konsep kontekstual. Mengkombinasikan tipologi yang diadaptasi dari kebiasaan atau pendekatan kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar. Meleburkan batasan diantara private closeness dan public opensess. Diharapkan Art Space dapat menarik masyarakat untuk berkunjung sehingga menghadirkan interaksi sosial.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Kachmaryk ◽  
Sophia Grabovska ◽  
Kateryna Ostrovska ◽  
Viktor Syniev

The aim of the study. The aim of the paper is a comparison of tolerance to uncertainty in two groups of elderly: the students of the University of the Third Age (UTA) and older people who are not enrolled but help to educate grandchildren. A relation to uncertainty was shown to infl uence on decision making strategy of elderly that indicates on importance of the researches. Methods. To obtain the objectives of the paper the following methods were used: 1) Personal change readiness survey (PCRS) adapted by Nickolay Bazhanov and Galina Bardiyer; 2) Tolerance Ambiguity Scale (TAS) adapted by Galina Soldatova; 3) Freiburg personality inventory (FPI) and 4) The questionnaire of self-relation by Vladimir Stolin and Sergej Panteleev. 40 socially involved elderly people were investigated according the above methods, 20 from UTA and 20 who are not studied and served as control group. Results. It was shown that relations of tolerance to uncertainty in the study group of students of the University of the Third Age substantially differ from relations of tolerance to uncertainty in group of older people who do not learn. The majority of students of the University of the Third Age have an inherent low tolerance for uncertainty, which is associated with an increase in expression personality traits and characteristics in self-relation. The group of the elderly who are not enrolled increasingly shows tolerance of uncertainty, focusing on  the social and trusting relationship to meet the needs of communication, and the ability to manage their own emotions and desires than a group of Third Age university students. Conclusions. The results of experimental research of the third age university student’s peculiarities of the tolerance to uncertainty were outlined. It was found that decision making in the ambiguity situations concerning social interaction is well developed in elderly who do not study. The students of the University of Third Age have greater needs in conversation, social interaction than the control group and should learn to make decisionin ambiguity or uncertainty situations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Umi Handayani

Code switching and code mixing is one phenomenon in social interaction. Thisphenomenon often arises in bilingual or people who speak more than two languages(multilingual). Japanese Literature Students of Universitas Ngudi Waluyo, 2017/2018 aspart of a multi-lingual society, also experienced events called code switching and codemixing. Mastery of Japanese is certainly influential on student interaction outside theclassroom. This research needs to be done to fnd out the events of code switchingand code mixing that occur. This research is based on the idea that the language usedby Japanese Literature students at Universitas Ngudi Waluyo in class of 2017/2018 ininteracting with each other outside the classroom also includes the Japanese languageas a second language, even the third language that students master. Besides that, it alsolooks at how the 2017/2018 Japanese literature students enter Japanese in interacting, asa choice of language that they think is appropriate.Keywords: code, code switching, code mixing


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Soraya Rostami

<p class="a">By development of computer networks, computer -related crime spreading immoral that had negative impact on social systems including families and organizations and, more children were invaded by, the spread of computer crimes in the third world called cultural invasion.</p><p class="a">Committing dishonest acts in ignorance or belief that the right to intervene in the operation of computer systems or data entry, or data deletion, or the messages. those committed acts does not categorize in fraud documentary, if the aforementioned act intended to endamage business rivals and if there is no property gained then that act does not categorize in fraud documentary too. Motivation and intention of act does not impact on kind of crime realization. E-commerce law states in Article 67: (perpetrator is punishable if committed as a result of using fraudulent means, personal or automated processing systems deceived in order to gain a person’s property. For this reason, the mere intention to resort to dishonest means and education funds, property or privileges, is not sufficient to fulfill the offense.</p>


1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Rosenberg

Thirty mildly retarded males from uni-disability workshops and thirty mildly retarded males from multi-disability workshops were administrated a job satisfaction questionaire and a social interaction scale. Results indicated differential patterns of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction as well as different social interaction patterns between groups. The more “normalizing” effect of the multi-disability workshop where retarded trainees have the opportunity to model socially acceptable work values. and behaviors from physically handicapped trainees and staff was revealed.


2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (127) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Lorenz B. Puntel

A palavra ‘metafísica’ na filosofia contemporânea tem um uso equívoco, mais exatamente: caótico. Em consequência disso, usos derivados como ‘não-metafísico’, ‘antimetafísco’ e ‘pós-metafísico’ não têm um sentido claro. O presente artigo não intenciona criar clareza sobre esta situação complicada. Com vista à sua finalidade, ele só focaliza o sentido que Habermas confere à palavra ‘metafísica’ e ao seu pensamento, ao qualificá-lo como ‘pós-metafísico’. O artigo mostra que Habermas essencialmente identifica metafísica com a filosofia moderna da subjetividade e da consciência, tanto na perspectiva transcendental como na perspectiva do idealismo alemão absoluto. Assim, a palavra ‘pós-metafísico’, aplicada a Habermas, significa o que está além da metafísica, como esta é entendida por ele; não pode significar o que, na longa história da filosofia, foi chamado de “metafísica”. O artigo primeiramente investiga e critica detalhadamente os dois caminhos seguidos por Habermas para chegar à sua postura pós-metafísica. O primeiro é um enfoque histórico-filosófico que faz certa violência aos autores interpretados e que conduz Habermas à conclusão que o pensamento metafísico é claramente obsoleto. Este enfoque, repetidamente por ele exposto, parte sempre de Kant e tem como seu ponto de chegada a postura filosófica de Habermas mesmo. O outro enfoque tem um caráter temático baseado em duas assunções fundamentais e de grande alcance. Segundo a primeira assunção, de caráter metodológico, a razão e a racionalidade são entendidas e aplicadas com um sentido puramente e estritamente procedural (razão/ racionalidade comunicativa). A segunda assunção, relativa ao conteúdo, estatui que o único objeto temático apropriado da filosofia é a dimensão da interacão entre sujeitos humanos ou seja da práctica social ou comunicativa própria do mundo-da-vida. A mais importante secção do artigo, a secção 3, apresenta uma crítica mais pormenorizada do pensamento pós-metafísico de Habermas. Nela se investigam três temas centrais da filosofia habermasiana e se evidenciam três falhas fundamentais da sua postura pós-metafísica. O artigo mostra que se trata de posicionamentos ou temas filosóficos, para os quais Habermas, devido à sua posição pós-metafísica, não está capacitado a elaborar uma solução esclarecedora. O primeiro posicionamento ou tema é a não-elaboração de um conceito de Mundo (com “M” maiúsculo) como a dimensão que unifica e possibilita a relação entre a dimensão da verdade e a dimensão do mundo-como-a-totalidade-dosobjetos. O segundo posicionamento ou tema é o naturalismo fraco” defendido por Habermas em base de uma distinção não-esclarecida entre o “mundo natural” e o “mundo-da-vida”. O terceiro tema ou posicionamento, ao qual Habermas se tem dedicado especialmente nos últimos anos, é a conjunção ou conexão ambígua e obscura entre a rejeição incondicional da metafísica e a (re)avaliação da religião. Estes três temas ou posicionamentos constituem três dicotomias que permanecem sem esclarecimento no pensamento do filósofo alemão. Uma tentativa de esclarecê-las consistiria em elaborar um conceito irrestrito de razão ou racionalidade e de teoria e de tematizar um conceito de Mundo como a dimensão que abarca os dois polos de cada uma das dicotomias. A execução desta tarefa teria como resultado uma teoria, à qual, em termos tradicionais, se deveria atribuir um estatuto metafísico.Abstract: The term ‘metaphysics’ is used in contemporary philosophy equivocally or, more precisely, chaotically. As a consequence, uses of such derivative terms as Anonmetaphysical”, “antimetaphysical” and “postmetaphysical” are also chaotic. This paper makes no attempt to bring order to this chaos. Its focus is only on Habermas’s understanding of metaphysics and of his own thinking as postmetaphysical, in his sense. It shows that he often comes close to identifying metaphysics with the modern philosophy of subjectivity or consciousness. This makes clear that the term “postmetaphysical,” as Habermas uses it, means only, “beyond what Habermas calls ‘metaphysics’”— hence, most importantly, “beyond Kantian and post-Kantian philosophies of subjectivity.” It cannot mean, “beyond everything that, in the history of philosophy, has been called ‘metaphysics.’” The paper first examines and criticizes in detail Habermas’s two ways of arriving at and characterizing and explaining his postmetaphysical position. The historico-philosophical path takes the form of severely truncated considerations of the history of philosophy that lead him to conclude that metaphysical thinking is utterly obsolete; these considerations almost always begin with Kant and end with Habermas himself. The thematic path consists of two fundamental and far-reaching assumptions. According to his methodological assumption, reason and/ or rationality has a purely procedural character. His contentual assumption is that the dimension of social interaction and communicative practices, the human lifeworld, is the only real subject matter for philosophy. Section 3, the most important section of the paper, presents more narrowly focused critiques of Habermas’s postmetaphysical thinking. It addresses three central problems in his philosophy, and reveals highly significant shortcomings of his postmetaphysical philosophical position. It shows extensively that his treatments of these problems put him on paths that he cannot follow to their ends because of the narrow limits of his postmetaphysical approach. The first problem is the lack of a concept of World (with a capital “W”) as the unity of the dimension of truth and the dimension of world-as-the-totality-of-objects43.3.2.3 The missing concept of World (capital-W)) as the unity of truth dimension and world-as-the-totalityof-objects; the second problem is his weak naturalism and his unclarified distinction between the natural world and the lifeworld; the third problem is his ambiguous and incoherent conjunction of the rejection of metaphysics and the (re)evaluation of religion. These three problems involve dichotomies Habermas leaves unexplained. Explaining them would require him to elaborate non-restricted concepts of reason/rationality and theory, and to thematize the World, i.e., the dimension encompassing both poles of the dichotomies. Such elaboration and thematization would yield a theory that would be, in traditional terms, metaphysical.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document