Authoritarianism in West European Electorates

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-73
Author(s):  
Erik R. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
West European

This chapter engages in a descriptive analysis of authoritarianism in Western Europe and its relationship to economic, social, and political attitudes. It considers the definition of authoritarianism and how it is distinct from related concepts such as conservatism. The descriptive analysis addresses several important questions. First, it examines the distribution of authoritarianism in West European societies, along with its relationship to education, age, and gender. Then, it examines the relationship between authoritarianism and socio-cultural, political, and economic attitudes. The analysis finds that authoritarianism is closely related to socio-cultural attitudes on matters such as acceptance of same-sex marriage, endorsement of traditional gender roles, immigration, and ethnocentrism. Authoritarianism also correlates with attitudes towards democracy and political trust. However, high authoritarians are not meaningfully different from low authoritarians on economic questions. These findings point to an important conclusion for this book’s argument. Because high authoritarians vary from low authoritarians most on socio-cultural attitudes, it is likely that the factors driving the worldview issue are socio-cultural rather than economic in nature.

Bullying and Other Forms of Peer Victimization in Adolescence and Alcohol Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Maniglio
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Quality

To examine the relationship between bullying and other forms of peer victimization in adolescence and alcohol use or misuse, all the pertinent studies were reviewed. Fourteen databases were searched. Blind assessments of study eligibility and quality were performed by two independent researchers. Seventy-four studies including 2,066,131 participants across 56 countries all over the world and meeting minimum quality criteria that were enough to ensure objectivity and to not invalidate results were analyzed. Across studies, evidence for a significant association between peer victimization and alcohol use or misuse was conflicting. Results were affected by sample size, definition of victim status, specific forms of peer victimization, and specific types of alcohol consumption. There was some evidence for a number of mediating or moderating variables, such as depression, coping, drinking motives, attachment to school, social support, and gender. Findings are discussed according to stress-coping and self-medication hypotheses. Alternative etiological mechanisms are also considered.

Rising public piety and the status of women in Indonesia two decades after reformasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Dina Afrianty
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Of Women

AbstractIndonesian women were at the forefront of activism during the turbulent period prior to reformasi and were a part of the leadership that demanded democratic change. Two decades after Indonesia embarked on democratic reforms, the country continues to face challenges on socio-religious and political fronts. Both the rise of political Islam and the increased presence of religion and faith in the public sphere are among the key features of Indonesia's consolidating democracy. This development has reinvigorated the discourse on citizenship and rights and also the historical debate over the relationship between religion and the state. Bearing this in mind, this paper looks at the narrative of women's rights and women's status in the public domain and public policy in Indonesia. It is evident, especially in the past decade, that much of the public conversation within the religious framework is increasingly centred on women's traditional social roles. This fact has motivated this study. Several norms and ideas that are relied on are based on cultural and faith-based interpretations - of gender. Therefore, this paper specifically examines examples of the ways in which social, legal, and political trends in this context affect progress with respect to gender equality and gender policy. I argue that these trends are attempts to subject women to conservative religious doctrines and to confine them to traditional gender roles. The article discusses how these developments should be seen in the context of the democratic transition in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Identification of key career indicators in Portuguese football players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-541
Author(s):  
Ricardo Monteiro ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Célia Nunes ◽  
Miquel Torregrossa ◽  
Bruno Travassos
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to describe and identify the weight of some key career indicators (KCI) on the competitive level of retirement (professional vs. non-professional) of Portuguese football players. Three thousand five hundred retired Portuguese football players born between 1950 and 1989, and registered on Portuguese Football Federation were considered in this study. Descriptive analysis and a multivariable binary logistic regression model were performed to assess the relationship between the mastery stage development variables and the competitive level of retirement of football players. The results highlighted that the KCI first senior registration level, number of seasons in mastery stage, number of total games as senior player, number of total games in retirement season, and the age of the last best result achieved contribute to explain and predict the competitive level of retirement of Portuguese football players. The tendencies identified and their impact on the competitive level of retirement could be important implications on awareness and definition of management and support programs of players’ careers.

The Book as Object of Lay Devotion in Late Medieval Transylvania (Fifteenth-Sixteenth Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Paula Cotoi ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Religious Text ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Reading Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Devotional Reading ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lay Devotion

"Research on late-medieval religiosity in Central and Western Europe has shown that religious books were not only possessed, but also read, and sometimes even copied or disseminated by laymen. The need for a better definition of the relationship between the laity and the religious text leads to the formulation and intensive discussion of concepts such as devotional reading, culture of religious reading, or vernacular theology. Several examples of works that belonged to late-medieval Transylvanian laymen suggest the opportunity and, at the same time, the need to ask whether similar dynamics of pious behaviour can be discussed in their case. In order to provide a convincing answer, this study proposes an analysis of these books from at least three perspectives: theme, language, formal characteristics. The most interesting information is offered, however, by property notes, which suggest that the devotional potential of the book was not activated by reading, but rather by donation. By offering solutions to the everyday necessities of ecclesiastical institutions, these gifts were designed to ensure personal salvation as well. In order to support this hypothesis, I will also address another category of sources from which mentions regarding this kind of donations can be recovered, i.e. last wills. Keywords: religious books, devotional practices, pious donations, last wills, laity "

Age and gender features of clinical course COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
OM Kovalyova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gender Features

The article presents the review of modern publications devoted the assessment the impact of age and gender on susceptibility, clinical manifestation and outcome of COVID-19 infection. Statistical data on rate of COVID-19 in relation to age categories and adverse clinical signs of disease in different populations are shown. Old and older ages are the predictors of severe coronavirus course and mortality are emphasized. Gender features of coronavirus infection have been described according to gender cardiology with taken in account the disproportion of hypertension and coronary heart disease in male and female. Due to the scientific research the gender and age peculiarities of immune response to virus infection is considered. The definition of hypothesis “immunosenescence” underlying adverse outcome due to COVID-19 in older patients is taken. Gender peculiarities of COVID-19 are presented by evident scientific data according to the relationship between sex hormone and immune inflammation factors

Shin Buddhism and Gender

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-183
Author(s):  
Simone Heidegger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Shin Buddhism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Jodo Shinshu

In the two main branches of Jōdo Shinshū (or Shin Buddhism), the Ōtani-ha and the Honganji-ha, a movement toward gender equality emerged in the 1980s. This movement and its development have brought about internal discussions on discrimination against women and an increasing awareness of gender issues, as well as concrete reforms of institutional laws. In the Ōtani-ha, a ruling that explicitly excluded women from becoming temple chief priests (jūshoku) led to protests and petitions by the association of chief priests’ wives and resulted in the establishment of the “Women’s Association to Consider Gender Discrimination in the Ōtani-ha.” Although the Honganji-ha has formally accepted female chief priests since 1946, the definition of the role of the bōmori (lit. temple guardian) as the temple chief priest’s wife suggested hierarchical gender roles, which also stimulated demands for reforms. This article shows the forms of gender discrimination which have been the focus of debates and discussions. Here, I present the reforms and changes that have been achieved over the past few decades and examine the reasons and influences that were instrumental during this process. In this context, I analyze the arguments used by both the reform-oriented and the conservative sides of the issue, and I also explore the relationship of this gender discrimination discourse to earlier Shin Buddhist social developments, such as internal reform movements and efforts to combat discrimination against burakumin.

The Fiend and its Followers

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-76
Author(s):  
David Evans-Powell ◽  
David Evans-Powell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Close Study ◽  
The Witch ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter will examine the relationship between the past and the present within the film through a close assessment of the behaviour of the fiend, in particular the relationship between the fiend and the landscape. The chapter will consider the historical and cultural attitudes towards cultural memory and the remembrance or forgetting of unwelcome aspects of the past. The chapter will also place the film into its contemporary screen context through a survey of other British screen texts concerned with malign revenants that upset the present when unearthed or discovered. The chapter will continue by considering the nature of the fiend and the consequences of its influence through a detailed examination of the character of Angel Blake and the abject. The chapter will also make a close study of the influence of Margaret Murray’s The Witch-Cult in Western Europe on the film.

Globalization and Iranian Women’s Identity

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лейла Хадем Махсус Хоссейни ◽  
Leyla Hadem Mahsus Hosseyni
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Women's Identity ◽  
New Information ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of

The paper investigates the effects of cultural globalization and interaction on Iranian women’s identity construction. It aims to illuminate the possible sustaining of traditions in the construction of modern identities. The views are grounded on Giddens’ definition of the concept of “reflexivity” as the agents’ capacity in making revisions on their practices to construct new identities in light of new information. Iranian women within the global network are subject to new information and therefore are able to reflexively construct new identities. Amid various influential factors on identity construction, here, the function of “religion” and “gender roles” are examined to see the place of these traditionally significant elements in the identity of modern women. The items of “hijab” and “consumerism” are considered to address the issue of religion. Moreover, the concept of “motherhood” is traced in identity of modern women to reveal the probability of representation of traditional gender roles in their modern identities. It is found that Iranian women are not passive users of globalized culture, rather they make a balance between their traditional and modern identity.

scholarly journals - The factors affecting the evaluation and selection of hotels - An analytical study of a field a sample of tourists visiting the State of Djelfa - Algeria: العوامل التي تؤثر في تقييم واختيار الفنادق - دراسة ميدانية تحليلية لعينة من السياح الذين يقصدون ولاية الجلفة- الجزائر-

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiba Ali Toual, Siham Salem Mahamdi
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
The State ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This research aims to study the impact of a range of factors on the evaluation and selection of hotels, for that we’ve conducted a study based on the descriptive analytical approach, where 100 questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of tourists visiting the state of Djelfa- Algeria. The study found that the evaluation and selection of the hotel within the sample members is influenced by the range of factors covered by the study (the purpose of the visit, the definition of value by the visitor, the social and economic factors, age and gender, race or religion). Depending on the correlation coefficient value (R 0.885), the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable was strong, and the independent variable explains 77.2%of the dependent variable. Finally, the study has presented a set of recommendations, which conclude in:- Renovation and development of the interior design of hotels;- Annual training programs including the hotel staff and this is to learn about new trends in the hotel’s industry.

Core, Culture and Complex in the Old Stone Age

1945 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Wide System ◽  
Cultural Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Association ◽  
Lower Palaeolithic

A Correspondence in Man a few years ago led to the expression of various attitudes towards the nomenclature of Lower Palaeolithic finds. It was agreed that cultural names should not be used to describe distinct techniques, but it was recognised that difficulties of terminology might arise, since techniques may indicate cultural similarities and therefore perhaps connections. When the time factor enters into the problem then other authorities differ. Professor Childe says, ‘where there is the slightest danger of confusing the chronological with the cultural classification, such usage is to be deprecated.’ Yet Professor Garrod later states, ‘the time has come when the labels Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic should be used exclusively in a chronological sense,’ and she refers them to subdivisions of the geological chronology. Nevertheless, as Professor Garrod herself remarks, ‘nine prehistorians out of ten continue to use these terms as more or less synonymous with hand-axe, flake and blade industries respectively,’ so these names have a purely technical or cultural significance. It follows from Professor Childe's sage advice that their chronological application ought to be allowed to fall into disuse. There is a perfectly good chronology supplied by the geologist already, with a world-wide system of five glaciations (Geikie), or their equivalents. Moreover, since it is becoming more and more apparent that the division into hand-axe, flake and blade industries is unsatisfactory (there are blades, according to Burkitt's definition of a blade, in Lower Palaeolithic industries), the threefold division has lost its meaning. I therefore suggest that we label as Lower Palaeolithic all those industries of the Pleistocene not comprised within the purely cultural group association of those predominantly blade industries which are found towards the end of the Upper Pleistocene, and are known as the Upper Palaeolithic. It is the purpose of this paper to clarify the relationship between technique and culture in the Lower Palaeolithic industries, to define more satisfactorily the terms, culture, industry and technique as used by the prehistorian, and to define some, at least, of the major cultural assemblages in North-western Europe.

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