Ethnic Recognition Under Minority Rule in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-158
Author(s):  
Elisabeth King
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Minority Leadership ◽  
Ethnic Federalism ◽  
First Time

This chapter examines the adoption and effects on peace of past non-recognition and contemporary ethnic recognition under minority rule in Ethiopia. On the question of adopting ethnic federalism, it shows that the ruling Tigrayan People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) had a keen understanding of its minority position and appreciated the assuring benefits of recognition. While the TPLF acknowledged the mobilization risks of recognition, the nature of Ethiopia’s war-to-peace transition made it such that the new minority leadership needed to recognize ethnic groups in order to win power. On the question of effects on peace, the chapter assesses the assuring effects of ethnic federalism, the authoritarian strategies that the minority-led regime used to compensate against the mobilization risks, and the mixed implications for peace. The chapter concludes by considering future prospects after the 2018 change in leadership to a plurality Oromo leader for the first time in Ethiopian history.

Afars of Ethiopia in the system of ethnic federalism

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Ethnic Federalism

The article pioneers the analyses of the results of ethnic federalism introduced in Ethiopia in 1991 – and its influence on Afar. Ethnicity was proclaimed the fundamental principle of the state structure. The idea of ethnicity has become the basis of official ideology. The ethnic groups and ethnic identity have acquired fundamentally importance on the political and social levels . The country has been divided into nine ethnically-based regions. The article exposes the complex ethno-political and economic situation in the Afar State, roots and causes of inter- and intra-ethnic relations and conflicts with Amhara, Oromo, Tigray and Somali-Issa, competition of ethnic elites for power and recourses. Alive is the idea of “The Greater Afar”which would unite all Afar of the Horn of Africa. The protests in Oromia and Amhara Regions in 2015–2017 influenced the Afar state as welll. The situation in Ethiopia nowadays is extremely tense. Ethiopia is plunging into serious political crisis. Some observers call it “the beginning of Ethiopian spring”, the others – “Color revolution”

The Fourth EC Report on the Statistics of Laboratory Animal Use: Trends, Recommendations and Future Prospects

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Grindon ◽  
Nirmala Bhogal
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Member States ◽  
Fourth Report ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

At the beginning of 2005, the European Commission published its fourth report on the statistics of the number of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. A total of 10.7 million animals were used within the Member States of the European Union (EU) in 2002, an increase of almost a million animals since the 1999 report. France, Germany and the UK continue to be the largest users of animals for scientific purposes, and mice, rats, fish and birds remain the most commonly-used animals. For the first time, all 15 Member States used the standardised “EU tables”, as had been agreed in 1998. This has made it easier to identify areas on which Three Rs initiatives should be focused. Nevertheless, the reporting system still has a number of serious deficiencies. In particular, there are insufficient data on the numbers of animals that are kept or bred for research purposes, the numbers of transgenic animals, and the severity of procedures that are applied.

scholarly journals Occurrence of CCR5 Heterozygous 32 bp Deletion in Nepali Ethnic Groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Nanda Bahadur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Ccr5 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hiv 1

The Chemokine (C-C) receptor 5 (CCR5) as one of the small signaling proteins, is a HIV-1 resistant gene. The major boosting to the study of CCR5 gene among ethnic groups in the world is the detection of 32 bp deletion in its heterozygous and homozygous condition which is responsible for relative or absolute resistance to HIV-1 infection. A total of 456 samples belonging to six Nepalese ethnic groups were subjected to genotyping by the use of PCR-RFLP for detecting 32 bp deletion on exon 3 of CCR5 gene. Finally, allele frequencies of 32 bp deletion among Nepalese ethnic groups were calculated by the use of Hardy-Weinberg formula for analysis and interpretation. Chidimar ethnic group, for the first time, showed heterozygous 32 bp deletion at the population level in Asia-pacific region is an excitement in which Chidimar might have conferred resistance against HIV-1 infection in Nepal.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 105-108

scholarly journals Registered Reports: Past, Present and Future

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D Chambers ◽  
Loukia Tzavella
Keyword(s):  
Journal Article ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time

Registered Reports are a form of empirical journal article in which study proposals are peer reviewed and pre-accepted before research is undertaken. By deciding which articles are published based on the question, theory, and proposed methods, Registered Reports offer a powerful remedy for a range of reporting and publication biases. Here we reflect on the history, progress and future prospects of the Registered Reports initiative, and also offer practical guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors encountering the format for the first time. While the key ingredients of pre-study review and results-blind acceptance are far from novel – and are already adopted independently in a variety of contexts – Registered Reports are the first mechanism to combine them into a mainstream policy that has won appeal with multiple stakeholders in the research process. We review early evidence that Registered Reports are working as intended, while at the same acknowledging that they are not a universal solution for irreproducibility. We also consider how the policies and practices surrounding Registered Reports are changing, or must change in future, to address limitations and adapt to new challenges. In spite of these caveats, we conclude that Registered Reports are promoting reproducibility, transparency and self-correction across a wide range of disciplines, and may help reshape how society evaluates research and researchers.

Ethiopia’s ethnic federalism will face strains

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Current System ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Ethnic Federalism

Subject Challenges to Ethiopia's system of ethnic federalism. Significance Ethiopia’s Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) was until recently considered a region of relative peace and tolerance. However, recent inter-ethnic conflict has thrown it into turmoil. Moreover, new demands for statehood being voiced by ethnic groups could have far-reaching consequences for both the region and the nation. Impacts Statehood bids could lead to races for resources and subsequent conflicts. Attempts to resolve federal problems at a national level could frustrate those who are content with the current system. Instability in the south could cross international borders and worsen people-to-people relations with Kenya and South Sudan.

scholarly journals Study of Λ-Hypernuclei with Stopped K− Reaction

1994 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Tamura ◽  
Ryugo S. Hayano ◽  
Haruhiko Outa ◽  
Toshimitsu Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Mesonic Decay ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Momentum Spectra ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nuclear Targets

We summarize studies of Λ hypernuclei with stopped K− reaction carried out at KEK. The π− momentum spectra in the (stopped K−, π−) reaction were measured with light nuclear targets (4He, 7Li, 9Be, 12C and 16O). The ground and excited states of Λ4He, Λ12C and Λ16O were identified and their formation probabilities were measured. The branching ratios of π0-mesonic decay of Λ4He, Λ11B and Λ12C were measured for the first time with π0 coincidence. The lifetime of Λ4H was also determined with an improved accuracy. The π− peak intensity from Λ4H→4He+π− decay gave the Λ4H formation probabilities on these targets, where Λ4H is produced as hyperfragment except for the case of the 4He target. Concerning the formation mechanism of hyperfragments and their application to hypernuclear γ-ray spectroscopy, the running experiments and future prospects are also described.

Ethiopia: the Victory of the Sidama in the Longer Than a Century’s Struggle for the Self-determination

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
Ethnic Federalism ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the history of domestic Ethiopian studies, the article analyzes in detail the successful struggle of one of the Ethiopian peoples’, the Sidama, for self-determination. On the 20th of November, 2019 a truly historic event took place in Ethiopia: one of the country’s many ethnic communities, the Sidama, achieved self-government. At a referendum about 98% voted in favor of the creation of the Sidama state. This provoked a chain reaction in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region: already 13 ethnic communities – Wolaita, Gamo, Gurage, Kaffa and others – are demanding the creation of their own states. Centrifugal processes in the country have become noticeably more active. The present paper is divided in four sections. The first section, “Who are the Sidama?”, offers a detailed description of the Sidama and emphasizes the vitality of traditional social and cultural institutions, including ethnic stratification and the continued presence of castes of artisans. At the same time, it is noted that globalization and urbanization are introducing significant changes in the life of the Sidama. The second section, “The Sidama under ethnic federalism”, analyzes the positive and negative aspects of ethnic federalism and the reasons for the discontent of the Sidama, as well as the causes of Sidama’s grievances and conflicts over power and resources with other ethnic communities, which ultimately led to their struggle for self-government. The third section, “The Sidama’s struggle for self-government”, provides a detailed account of the Sidama’s struggle against the policy of Amharization during the imperial period, the discrimination in Derg rule (1974–1991) and, since 1991, during the period of ethnic federalism. The fourth section, “Referendum”, is devoted to a detailed description of this important event in the life of the Sidama and their victory: the difficulties and obstacles to organizing the referendum, the attitude of the federal government, the referendum itself and victory. Finally, in the fifth section, “The impact of the creation of the Sidama state on the situation in the region”, the author analyzes the Constitution of the new state. The creation of the new 10th state on the ethnic basis means the strengthening of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. It is important to stress that the author has conducted several e-mail interviews with Sidama scholars and journalists – active participants in the Sidama movement for self-determination – on the topic of post-referendum events.

The Socioeconomic Geography of Ethnic Groups in Two Northern British Cities

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rees ◽  
D Phillips ◽  
D Medway
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Northern City

For the first time the 1991 British Census has not only provided data on ethnicity but has also cross-classified ethnic status by a variety of socioeconomic indicators. This paper is an exploration of the patterns revealed by these new data. After an introduction to the subject of the paper in section 1, section 2 is a discussion of the issue of ethnic group identification and measurement. In section 3 the spatial distribution of six ethnic groups is outlined: Whites, Blacks, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, and Other-ethnicities in two northern British cities—Leeds and Bradford. Nonwhite groups all show a familiar inner-city concentration, but with some interesting locational differences. The degree of change over the period 1981–91 is examined by using synthetic estimates of ethnic group for 1981 based on country of birth converted into ethnic group via conditional probabilities of ethnicity given country of birth. The degree of spatial change and dispersion is evaluated. Sections 4 and 5 are examinations of the characteristics of each ethnic group according to thirty indicators grouped into six domains: demographic, household, employment, education, social class, and housing/consumption. The rationale for indicator extraction and use is described and the degree of reliance which can be placed in the statistics is assessed in section 4. The differences in profile between ethnic groups are established at city level and then the pattern of variation across wards in each city is described in section 5. A fascinating picture unfolds of disadvantage and advantage across the ethnic groups which establishes their sociogeographic position in the two northern city societies.

Anxiety and Well-Being in First-Time Coronary Angioplasty Patients and Repeaters

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattie J Lenzen ◽  
Claudia J Gamel ◽  
Atie W Immink
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Preparatory information before an invasive procedure has positive effects (e.g. on recovery, well-being and anxiety). However, preparation of patients for a repeat procedure is hardly investigated. The question is whether these patients benefit from the same preparatory information. Aims: To determine whether there are differences in terms of anxiety and well-being between patients undergoing their first percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and those undergoing a repeat PTCA. Design: Descriptive correlational study with a quantitative and qualitative research component. Method: First-time PTCA patients ( n=46) and re-PTCA patients ( n=40) were asked to complete three psychological self-report questionnaires (HADS, HPPQ and VAS) before the procedure. Five re-PTCA patients were interviewed the day after the procedure. Results: We were not able to show statistically significant differences between the two groups. On the anxiety scales re-PTCA patients scored 6.5 (HADS) and 4.0 (VAS) vs. 5.0 ( P=0.25) and 2.6 ( P=0.30) for first-time PTCA patients. On well-being (HPPQ) these differences were 18.0 vs. 19.0 ( P=0.40). Once the interview data were coded, four themes were apparent, namely: recurrent symptoms, information, experience and future prospects. Conclusion: A trend is seen towards a worse condition in the re-PTCA group with respect to anxiety and well-being. However, the differences are not statistically significant, they seem to be clinically relevant. The interviews point out that the return of symptoms and future prospects, rather than the procedure itself, are an important part in preparing for a repeat intervention. This aspect is currently no part of the provided preparatory information. Future research will have to determine the most beneficial method of preparing these patients (e.g. tailored preparation, emotional support, coaching).

Does psychiatry link culture and symptoms?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S513-S513
Author(s):  
L. Garcia Ayala ◽  
M. Gomez Revuelta ◽  
C. Martin Requena ◽  
B. Gonzalez Hernandez ◽  
M. Laborde Zufiaurre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Transcultural Psychiatry ◽  
Moroccan Woman ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

IntroductionTranscultural psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry where cultural context for psychiatric symptoms is studied. It emerged as a consequence of migration of diverse ethnic groups and questions whether international diagnosis classifications fit in different cultures.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to make professionals aware of the importance of cultural context for the way mental disorders present themselves depending on the patient's origin.Materials and methodsWe report the detailed case of a 23-year-old Moroccan woman, attended for the first time by the mental health services when she was 8. Since that moment, she felt herself possessed by a strange being. Auditory hallucinations appeared. It was only when her father or her husband were at home that she felt the “being” was gone. Her husband, as formerly his father, represented a symbol of protection against that evil being and indeed against her mental disorder, which was directly related to her cultural beliefs.DiscussionEvery country has a different culture and every migration brings with it a new environment. The way people adapt to it may result in mental illness. We want to discuss if symptoms fit international diagnosis classifications.ConclusionPsychiatrists should become aware of the limitations of the international classifications when used on different ethnic groups. We should have a cultural approach in order to treat the diverse populations from all around the world.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document