Taming the Corporation

Author(s):  
Robert Baldwin ◽  
Martin Cave

Virtually all enterprises are regulated in a host of ways and regulation is crucial not merely to economic success but to protecting consumer, worker, environmental, and an array of other interests. Regulation, though, is often seen negatively: as a tiresome interference with entrepreneurial activity. This negative vision is unhelpful in addressing business and other needs for productive forms of regulation. Taming the Corporation offers an alternative, positive, vision of regulation. It stresses the role of good regulation in allowing businesses to flourish, serve markets effectively, and respect broader interests. This paves the way for more productive regulatory designs. It looks at the characteristics of good regulation and provides businesses, consumers, and citizens with the arguments that they need when they push for regulatory controls that serve their needs. Understandings of regulation are also served by looking at the potentially positive roles of control strategies ranging from ‘command laws’ to ‘nudges’. The book, in addition, provides a more detailed examination of three key regulatory challenges in the modern world: regulating for sustainability; addressing global warming; and controlling digital platforms. Taming the Corporation offers a new vision of regulation—as a positive way to steer corporate power in productive and useful directions. It turns the traditional regulation discussion on its head. Regulatory theories are discussed but the book also uses numerous case examples to illustrate and address real life challenges.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6494
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Baran ◽  
Aleksandra Berkowicz

The main idea of the paper is to combine modern research methods (as living labs that enable research in a real-life setting) with the new technological opportunities for entrepreneurship and innovation development (as digital platforms) to search for innovative solutions, while addressing the sustainable development problems. Thus, the paper aims to explain how real value for society is created within digital platform ecosystems and how they employ to this end novel solutions that better address existing social problems. Consequently, it proposes a conceptual framework to research and develop sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation with the use of digital platforms. This research study takes a synthesizing conceptual approach that seeks to integrate the existing knowledge drawn on two major streams of research: living labs as a methodology and digital platform ecosystems to enrich the theory of sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation development. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a novel conceptual model of digital platform ecosystems as living labs for sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation. The model depicts digital platform ecosystems examined as living labs and the implicit processes that include platform users in problem-solving and value-creation in real-life settings. The novelty of the model stems from framing these processes that capture the relationship between individuals and opportunities as the foundations of entrepreneurship and the relationship between the problem space and the solution space, where the opportunities occur.


2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 09032
Author(s):  
Yuliya Masalova

In the modern world, many countries recognize that education should act in the interests and for the benefit of the ideas of sustainable development. At the same time, sustainable development itself becomes an integral element of quality education and its key factor. In Russia, the “national strategy of education for sustainable development” has been formed, which provides for a reorientation from ensuring that students have certain knowledge to the ability to analyse real problems and find possible solutions for them. At the same time, the traditional approach to teaching based on the study of specific subjects remains, but it is important to ensure that each student is able to carry out an interdisciplinary analysis of real-life situations. Currently, a project on “Key areas of development of Russian education for achieving the goals and objectives of sustainable development in the education system” until 2035 has been developed and published, which contains indicators that allow us to assess the achievement of the goals set out in it. However, this document hardly presents the level of higher professional education and its contribution to sustainable development. The article will examine the role of Russian higher education in the concept of sustainable development.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Erwin ◽  
Janeta Tansey

This review of psychiatry ethics is intended for residents, fellows, and practicing psychiatrists. We provide an overview of the historical sources of ethical reasoning and give practitioners a structured method for analysis of ethical dilemmas typically encountered in the practice of medicine. Through the use of case examples, we explain how difficult situations often challenge received knowledge and superficial opinion about the ethical options present and justifiable in real-life situations. This review will appeal to the higher callings and traditions of medicine and encourage the physician who is faced with ethical decisions about which reasonable practitioners may disagree. Tools of ethical reasoning provide a means for making ethical decisions that are grounded in history and tradition. This review contains 1 figure, 6 tables, and 30 references. Key words: confidentiality, decision making, doctor-patient relationship, ethics, informed consent, narrative, principles, professionalism, respect, virtue


2019 ◽  
pp. 11-45
Author(s):  
Tyler Carrington

Chapter 1 begins by following the seamstress Frieda Kliem as she moves in 1902 from a rural province to the metropolis of Berlin. As Frieda looks for work, lodging, and acquaintances and then ultimately starts her own business and turns down the matchmaking efforts of a new friend, she personifies the “struggle for existence” that confronted working- and lower-middle-class Berliners, especially single women. After exploring popular cultural and social-scientific perspectives on the plights of men and women in the emerging city alongside the real-life stories that lent them such resonance, this chapter examines Berliners’ fixation on fate and the fortuitous encounter as a path to love. It argues that these imagined rendezvouses, which remained off-limits for respectable Berliners, are best understood as an attempt by Berliners to balance their attraction to the freedoms and possibilities of the modern world with the ever-present awareness of the risks associated with it.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. CMC.S6289 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Amerena ◽  
Shih-Ann Chen ◽  
Charn Sriratanasathavorn ◽  
Jeong-Gwan Cho ◽  
Huang Dejia ◽  
...  

Background The literature suggests that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) may be lower in Asian countries than in Western countries. Nevertheless, AF remains a significant public health problem in the region. The burden of AF, the experiences of previous trials and the lack of data on AF and its management in Asia Pacific highlight the need for a comprehensive prospective study of AF management. Methods The REgistry on Cardiac rhythm disORDers assessing the control of Atrial Fibrillation Asia Pacific (RecordAF-AP) is a prospective, observational survey of the management of recently diagnosed AF patients with 1-year follow-up in 8 countries across Asia Pacific. Eligible patients presenting with AF, treated or not, will be included in the registry and data will be recorded prospectively during follow-up visits at 6 and 12 months. Results RecordAF-AP will recruit more than 3000 patients. Study recruitment commenced in April 2009 and the final results anticipated at the end of 2011. Conclusions RecordAF-AP will assess the real-life management of AF patients in Asia Pacific, including a comparison of clinical outcomes in rhythm versus rate control strategies, providing much needed insight into the costs, treatment choices and clinical outcomes of AF patients in this region.


Via Latgalica ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Inga Belasova

<p>Character profile and the system of images as a whole demonstrates the binary structure based on the mythological tradition. Double character of the nature motif pervades the folklore tradition, which is the most demonstratively revealed by the twin motif, where two brothers at the same time are both opposites and complement each other. The paper has applied the structural semiotic method, using opinions of the Russian philologist and culture historian Eliza Meletinskii (Елеазар Мелетинский) on the connection of binary oppositions with the mythological metaphorism and pairs of binary opposition. Purpose – to describe the binarism as an underlying principle for revealing the genre specifics of the Latgalian zoomorphic anecdote at the level of images.</p><p>Struggle of opposites has a special sense in mythological consciousness. Diversity of social roles in a real life can create one character, as well as features that functions as a contrast, by becoming embodied in evil or consistently positive characters, within an anecdote can impersonate a whole ambivalent image. The mythical twin rivalry theme is very topical in the folklore tradition, since existence of pair of twins depicts a situation when two beings create one spiritual body, but at the same time the mysterious twin pair exists in separate contradictory categories.</p><p>In the context of binary opposition, personal identity problem of the hero of zoomorphic anecdotes does not stem from the world outlook, philosophy or culture, but everyday life, it is a practical problem, so to speak, choice of everyday role, place and behavior. A combination of the cliché features in a particular character serves as one of the stereotype-forming directions. Characters of the Latgalian zoomorphic anecdotes have no clearly defined understanding of their place in society, because they represent stereotypical roles of the modern world. Characters’ inherent ability to change their traditional, ideological and functional load, as justified by the progressive principle of mediation, is considered to be one of the most important features in Latgalian anecdotes about animals.</p><p>Specific research reflects also the fact that tricksterism in Latgalian zoomorphic anecdotes is a universal component of typical characters. Orientation of a trickster towards opposites and the destruction of the opposition reflects ambivalence of characters and describes them as promulgators of revolutionary ideas. Significantly enough, the particularity of a trickster can be depicted in two ways – explicitly: the character displayed in the text, and implicitly: the anecdote teller and the listener, who immanently identifies themselves with the character. This can be explained by hidden or open desire inherent in the tellers of anecdotes and the recipients to express the desires existing in subconsciousness.</p><p>Upon inquiry into the impact of trickster on the characters and its place in the system of images as a whole, binary structure based on a mythological tradition is unfold, where features of the mythical twin pair in characters of the Latgalian anecdotes is depicting their controversial nature. This has to do with the personal identity problem of images, which has to be searched for in choice of familiar role and behavior. Each situation played in anecdotes compactly illustrates the collision of opinions, notions or values, providing for the winner and loser positions, contributing to a possible change in the conventional concepts. In Latgalian anecdotes about animals, the place of a character in the system of images is often based on a binary opposition relationship the strongest – the weakest, where the physically strongest image of the anecdote do not always owns the anecdote teller’s – the listener's sympathy.</p><p>Binary oppositions in Latgalian zoomorphic anecdotes have peculiar specifics, which is due to the fact that mainly animal characters are active in the zoomorphic anecdotes. Consequently, the binary oppositions in anecdotes about animals are of more archaic and expanded nature, which is accompanied by greater generalization and certain mythological deeper layer as in other genres of anecdotes.</p>


Author(s):  
Alexander Skabardonis

Control strategies for transit priority have long been recognized as having the potential to improve traffic performance for transit vehicles, which could also lead to improved schedule reliability, reduced operating costs, and greater ridership. However, there have been relatively few successful implementations of transit priority measures on urban networks with signalized intersections in coordinated signal systems. Existing control strategies are reviewed, the major factors affecting transit priority are identified, and the formulation of both passive and active transit priority strategies for arterials with coordinated traffic signals are described. The proposed strategies were evaluated on a real-life arterial corridor. The proposed passive and active priority strategies placed major emphasis on the systemwide improvements to the transit movements and on minimization of the adverse impacts to the rest of the traffic stream. The criteria used to grant priority include the availability of spare green time in the system cycle length, progression at the downstream intersection(s), and schedule adherence. An evaluation technique was also developed to assist in the design of the signal priority strategies and to predict the impacts of the transit priority measures.


The article studies the concept of electronic commerce, its origin and significance in the modern world. The positive and negative aspects of this phenomenon were considered. The relationship of e-commerce with entrepreneurship was also studied, areas of life that are affected by the studied object are highlighted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Zhanna Semchuk ◽  

In this article, we have considered the complex problem of developing and realizing the potential of young people in the light of the challenges that arise in the modern world. Young people are a vulnerable social group for whom state and local support is essential. Problems in employment can shake the incentive for young people to develop their potential. We investigated the impact of educational and social space on the development of one of the components of youth potential - potential in event management. We emphasized that the development of this component can be a good impetus for intensifying the entrepreneurial activity of young people. However, youth employment and entrepreneurship in event management need care from the state and intensification of informal social control mechanisms. We have formed recommendations that will allow integrating the processes of social development and development of youth potential in event management. This work can be helpful for public authorities, educational institutions and public organizations.


2019 ◽  
pp. 534-545
Author(s):  
Etienne Magri ◽  
Vincent Buhagiar ◽  
Mauro Overend

The ever-increasing aesthetically driven demand for fully glazed façades poses a design challenge; not least in controlling the cooling demand and occupant well-being of such buildings, especially in a central Mediterranean climate. This paper outlines the ever-important need to design for occupants and for designers to keep in mind, first and foremost, occupant well-being rather than aim solely to create energy-efficient buildings. The original objective of buildings was to provide shelter. Today however, the need for occupant comfort and its direct effect on productivity cannot be ignored. This need, therefore, ought to feature a central role in any building design. Studies show that occupant well-being is directly related to a range of environmental factors, particularly daylight distribution, glare and indoor air temperature. The use of external shading devices and more commonly, indoor blinds are often the adopted approaches to attempt to achieve indoor occupant comfort, often to the detriment of views. Adaptive facades seek to address the need to somehow strike a balance between occupant comfort and energy efficiency. These facades range from exterior and interior shading devices with varying control strategies, to the different forms of adaptive/switchable glazing technologies intended to control the visual light transmittance and solar radiation transmitted into a building’s interior. In the opinion of the authors, electrochromic glazing has a great potential in a cooling-dominated central Mediterranean climate, to achieve a compromise between occupant visual and thermal comfort whilst retaining unobstructed outdoor views at all times. Research shows that the potential benefits of electrochromic glazing have not yet been studied enough in real-life scenarios,and this paper further introduces the objectives for field study within two identical offices, having a South-South-East orientation, located in a central Mediterranean climate.


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