Capital and Investment in the Campanian Tablets

2020 ◽  
pp. 417-436
Author(s):  
Jean Andreau
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Bear Witness

This chapter is devoted to capital and investments in the three groups of tablets found in the Vesuvian cities: the tablets of L. Caecilius Iucundus in Pompeii; those of Herculaneum; and the tablets of the Sulpicii (also known as the Murecine tablets) which have to do with transactions carried out in Puteoli. These contain almost no evidence of innovation; on the contrary, they bear witness to a wide range of economic activities and give much information on capital and investments. Among these investments, it is necessary to distinguish two categories: firstly, investments that involve lending money and charging interest, without the lender being directly involved in a given production process or business (this type of investment is discussed in the second part of the chapter); and secondly, investments that are to the contrary accompanied by direct involvement of the lender in production or in commercial activity (investments discussed in the third part of the chapter). The first part of the chapter studies the ways in which a group of freedmen might manage to amass a certain capital and to have investments. The final part is devoted to the dealings which Caecilius Iucundus had with the city of Pompeii.

Exegetes of Nishapur: A Preliminary Survey of Qur'anic Works by Ibn Ḥabīb, Ibn Fūrak, and ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-73
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City ◽  
Final Work

This article provides a preliminary study of three previously unstudied Qur'anic works, each of which has been ascribed to an important fifth/eleventh-century member of the Shāfiʿī elite of Nishapur. Previous studies have documented the importance of the city in the formation of the classical tafsīr tradition, with special attention paid to al-Thaʿlabī (d. 427/1035) and his student al-Wāḥidī (d. 468/1076). Nevertheless, other important Nishapuri personalities demonstrating a wide range of interests have yet to receive proper coverage. By examining the bio-bibliographical records and the extant texts, I introduce three important Nishapuri scholars as exegetes and outline the nature of their contributions. The first work is an ʿulūm al-Qurʾān text written by Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥabīb (d. 406/1016) the famed Qur'an scholar who marks the beginning of the Thaʿlabī-Wāḥidī lineage of exegetical development. Then follows the tafsīr of the Ashʿarī theologian Ibn Fūrak (d. 406/1015), of which only a part survives. The third and final work is another tafsīr, which has been attributed to Ibn Fūrak's Ashʿarī colleague Abū Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī (d. 429/1037).

Spinoza, Leibniz or a World ‘less exquisitely organized’

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-264
Author(s):  
Anthony Cordingley
Keyword(s):  
Final Part ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Way

This chapter concludes the investigation by detailing the way that Beckett’s narrator/narrator weighs up a philosophy of imminence (Spinoza) against a philosophy of transcendence (Leibniz). A new reading of Beckett’s relationship to these preeminent Rationalists is sustained through an examination of the Comment c’est notebooks and Beckett’s “Philosophy Notes”, and other works, such as, Endgame. A deep affinity is discovered between Beckett’s work and Spinoza’s uncompromising attack on the Judeo-Christian transcendentalism and anthropomorphism, which complicates the interpretation of Beckett’s most Leibnizian passages in the third and final Part of How It Is, when Beckett’s “I” attempts unsuccessfully to give a Rationalist account of his own cosmology. The dialectic Beckett fashions between Spinoza Leibniz amplifies the wide range of philosophical concerns detailed over the preceding chapters of this book. His novel use of Leibniz’s mathematics, in particular the calculus of infinitesimals, is revealed as source of a number of philosophical images that interact with other philosophical tropes to interrogate the nature of reality and the divine, and the claim to represent with reason the relationships between each. Mathematics emerges, in Beckett’s text, as a symbolic language transformed into an original, poetic order that expresses the complex and often paradoxical aesthetic questions of authorship, character and textuality.

Digital Marketing Tools for the Development of Commercial Strategies to Be Used by Insurance Intermediaries in the City of Bogotá

2020 ◽  
pp. 406-419
Author(s):  
Oscar Javier Auza Mora ◽  
Sadoth Giraldo Acosta ◽  
Haidy Johanna Moreno Ceballos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

The increasing importance that has been given to the digital marketing tools to create an identity and project the economic activities of companies in most Latin American countries nowadays, has come to cover almost all sectors of the economy in the region. Specifically, in the city of Bogotá, Colombia, there is a large market for insurance companies and their independent sales force, known as intermediaries or insurance brokers, who, until recently, used traditional commercial strategies to offer their products and services: cross-selling, referencing, word-of-mouth, and advertising in mass media in the case of intermediaries with a larger budget for their marketing activities. However, this scenario has changed lately due to the arrival of new technologies that have facilitated the finding of channels for research, communication, distribution, and commercialization of products and services, offering a wide range of opportunities for the design of commercial strategies that are developed by companies that are based on digital marketing.

scholarly journals Uso de sitios web por las pymes comerciales del cantón Cuenca // Use of commercial websites by the SMEs in the city of Cuenca

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Inés Acosta ◽  
Xavier Ortega-Vasquez ◽  
Matías Abad-Merchan ◽  
Andrés Abad
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
International Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
The City ◽  
Andean Community

La investigación, por una parte, determina el número de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) activas del cantón Cuenca, a partir de utilizar los registros y base de datos de la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros y los criterios referenciales dispuestos por la Secretaría de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones. A partir de esta información, se utiliza la Clasificación Industrial Internacional Uniforme (CIIU) de todas las actividades económicas, para determinar el número de empresas que se dedican a la actividad comercial (Sección G). Con esta información, se realiza una investigación particular de cada empresa de este segmento para determinar qué porcentaje de estas mantienen un sitio web en línea, así como el uso que le dan al mismo. Los indicadores que se desprenden del estudio sirven como punto de partida para futuras investigaciones que registren la evolución del uso de páginas web en la ciudad de Cuenca, asimismo, la propuesta metodológica definida puede servir para estudios similares en otras ciudades y países. AbstractThis research checks the number of active small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the city of Cuenca using the records and database of the Superintendence of Companies, Appraisal and Insurance and the benchmarks set by the Secretariat of the Andean Community of Nations. Based on this information, we use the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) of all economic activities to determine the number of companies engaged in commercial activity (Section G). We performed a particular investigation of each company of this segment with this information to determine what percentage of these maintain an online website, as well as the use that they give to it. The indicators that emerge from the study serve as a starting point for future research that record the evolution of the use of web pages in the city of Cuenca. Moreover, similar studies in other cities and countries can use the methodological proposal offered in this study.  

scholarly journals Land capability classification based on ecological properties of Tekirdag provinceTekirdağ ilinin ekolojik koşullarına göre arazi kabiliyet sınıflandırması

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Emre Özşahin ◽  
İlker Eroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

The lands on the earth are classified based on their capability to be used properly to ensure their planned and appropriate use and management. This assures an optimal use of lands. The studies conducted in Turkey so far have failed to provide a land capability classification that is appropriate to the conditions in Turkey and characterizes them adequately, which has resulted in land uses inappropriate to their capabilities and certain environmental problems. The studies carried out in recent years have make it clear that land capability classification made in line with ecological conditions is more reasonable and sustainable. This study aims to perform the land capability classification of Tekirdag province based on its ecological conditions. The study used Atalay’s method, which involves a land capability classification based on ecological conditions. In addition, thematic maps at various scales, different data, and socio-economic statistics were used. It was concluded that Tekirdag is located in a geographical area which embodies all land capability classes at various rates depending on its ecological conditions. It was found out that 80.7% of the land in Tekirdag province is appropriate to agriculture, but 19.3% is not appropriate to agriculture. The main reason for this is that the city is rich in natural environment components and convenient for a wide range of socio-economic activities. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetMekânın planlı ve elverişli bir biçimde kullanılması ve yönetilmesi için, yeryüzündeki araziler en müsait değerlendirilme imkânlarına göre kabiliyet sınıflarına ayrılmıştır. Böylece araziden optimum şekilde istifade edilmektedir. Türkiye’de günümüze kadar yapılmış çalışmalarda, ülke koşullarına münasip ve bu koşulları yeterince karakterize eden bir arazi kabiliyet sınıflandırması yapılamamıştır. Bu durum arazilerin kabiliyetlerine uygun olmayan kullanımlarına ve beraberinde de bir takım çevre sorunlarına sebep olmuştur. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde ekolojik koşullara uygun bir şekilde gerçekleştirilen arazi yetenek sınıflandırmasının daha makbul ve sürdürülebilir olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Tekirdağ ilinin ekolojik koşullarına göre arazi kabiliyet sınıflandırmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada ekolojik koşullara göre arazi kabiliyet sınıflandırmasını esas alan Atalay yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca çeşitli ölçeklerdeki farklı tematik haritalar, değişik veriler ve sosyo-ekonomik istatistikler de kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta Tekirdağ ilinin ekolojik koşulları bakımından değişik oranlarda bütün arazi kabiliyet sınıflarının görüldüğü kritik bir coğrafi konumda yer aldığı anlaşılmıştır. İl topraklarının % 80,7’sinin tarıma uygunluk gösterirken, % 19,3’ünün tarıma uygun olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. İl arazisinin hem doğal çevre özellikleri yönüyle sunduğu zenginlik hem de çeşitli türden sosyo-ekonomik faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirilmesine elverişli ve uygun bir karakterde olması, bu durumun başlıca nedenidir.

The Colonial Documentary Film in South and South-East Asia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
East Asian ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Understanding

Writing from a wide range of historical perspectives, contributors to the anthology shed new light on historical, theoretical and empirical issues pertaining to the documentary film, in order to better comprehend the significant transformations of the form in colonial, late colonial and immediate post-colonial and postcolonial times in South and South-East Asia. In doing so, this anthology addresses an important gap in the global understanding of documentary discourses, practices, uses and styles. Based upon in-depth essays written by international authorities in the field and cutting-edge doctoral projects, this anthology is the first to encompass different periods, national contexts, subject matter and style in order to address important and also relatively little-known issues in colonial documentary film in the South and South-East Asian regions. This anthology is divided into three main thematic sections, each of which crosses national or geographical boundaries. The first section addresses issues of colonialism, late colonialism and independence. The second section looks at the use of the documentary film by missionaries and Christian evangelists, whilst the third explores the relation between documentary film, nationalism and representation.

Death in the City

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Intimate Friend ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Popular culture has long conflated Mexico with the macabre. Some persuasive intellectuals argue that Mexicans have a special relationship with death, formed in the crucible of their hybrid Aztec-European heritage. Death is their intimate friend; death is mocked and accepted with irony and fatalistic abandon. The commonplace nature of death desensitizes Mexicans to suffering. Death, simply put, defines Mexico. There must have been historical actors who looked away from human misery, but to essentialize a diverse group of people as possessing a unique death cult delights those who want to see the exotic in Mexico or distinguish that society from its peers. Examining tragic and untimely death—namely self-annihilation—reveals a counter narrative. What could be more chilling than suicide, especially the violent death of the young? What desperation or madness pushed the victim to raise the gun to the temple or slip the noose around the neck? A close examination of a wide range of twentieth-century historical documents proves that Mexicans did not accept death with a cavalier chuckle nor develop a unique death cult, for that matter. Quite the reverse, Mexicans behaved just as their contemporaries did in Austria, France, England, and the United States. They devoted scientific inquiry to the malady and mourned the loss of each life to suicide.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Typical errors and violations of biotechnics of artificial breeding of pacific salmon

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
Artificial Breeding ◽  
Strict Compliance

In two parts of the article, more than 70 errors and violations of the Biotechnics of artificial breeding of Pacific salmon in salmon hatcheries are collected and summarized, which lead to an immediate or delayed deterioration of the quality of reared fry and a decrease in their survival rate. Deviations from the biological basis of fish farming are shown and possible consequences of such errors or violations are predicted. In the first part of the article (#7,2020) there were General errors (throughout the entire fish-breeding process), as well as violations of Biotechnics during the work with producers, collecting eggs and preparing them for incubation, in the second part-violations of Biotechnics during the incubation of eggs, holding pre-larvae, rearing and release of young. Their correction, prevention or minimization of consequences will significantly improve the quality of sexual products and offspring from producers, increase the linear and weight gain of juveniles during rearing, improve the coefficient of feed payment, reduce the time of rearing, improve the epizootic situation by developing immunity in fry and mobilizing other protective reactions of their body, significantly reduce waste at all stages of the production process, increasing survival by 10–15%. In conclusion, it is noted that the first and most important condition for an efficient salmon hatchery is the creation of optimal environmental conditions at each stage of the production process. The second condition is strict compliance with the Biotechnics of artificial salmon breeding and the complex of veterinary and sanitary, fish-breeding and meliorative and therapeutic and preventive measures. The third is the availability of competent specialists who regularly improve their skills in accredited Universities to implement, control and manage the first two conditions.

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